Network Device Management Security Requirements Guide V2R15

b

The network device must limit the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number for each administrator account and/or administrator account type.

AC-10 - Medium - CCI-000054 - V-55027 - SV-69273r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-10

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000054

Version

SRG-APP-000001-NDM-000200

Vuln IDs

V-55027

Rule IDs

SV-69273r2_rule

Device management includes the ability to control the number of administrators and management sessions that manage a device. Limiting the number of allowed administrators and sessions per administrator based on account type, role, or access type is helpful in limiting risks related to DoS attacks. This requirement addresses concurrent sessions for administrative accounts and does not address concurrent sessions by a single administrator via multiple administrative accounts. The maximum number of concurrent sessions should be defined based upon mission needs and the operational environment for each system. At a minimum, limits must be set for SSH, HTTPS, account of last resort, and root account sessions.

Checks: C-55649r2_chk

Review the network device configuration to see if the device limits the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number for all administrator accounts and/or administrator account types. If the network device does not limit the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number for each administrator account and/or administrator account type, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59893r2_fix

Configure the network device to limit the number of concurrent sessions to an organization-defined number for all administrator accounts and/or administrator account types.

b

The network device must conceal, via the session lock, information previously visible on the display with a publicly viewable image.

AC-11 - Medium - CCI-000060 - V-55029 - SV-69275r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-11

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000060

Version

SRG-APP-000002-NDM-000201

Vuln IDs

V-55029

Rule IDs

SV-69275r1_rule

A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. The network management session lock event must include an obfuscation of the display screen to prevent other users from reading what was previously displayed. Permitted publicly viewable images can include static or dynamic images, for example, patterns used with screen savers, photographic images, solid colors, a clock, or a blank screen, with the additional caveat that none of the images convey sensitive information.

Checks: C-55651r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to see if the device conceals information previously visible on the display with a publicly viewable image during the session lock. This can be demonstrated by the network administrator. If previously visible information is not concealed with a publicly viewable image by the session lock, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59895r1_fix

Configure the network device to conceal information previously visible on the display with a publicly viewable image during the session lock.

b

The network device must initiate a session lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity.

AC-11 - Medium - CCI-000057 - V-55031 - SV-69277r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-11

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000057

Version

SRG-APP-000003-NDM-000202

Vuln IDs

V-55031

Rule IDs

SV-69277r1_rule

A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Rather than relying on the user to manually lock their management session prior to vacating the vicinity, network devices need to be able to identify when a management session has idled and take action to initiate the session lock. Once invoked, the session lock shall remain in place until the administrator re-authenticates. No other system activity aside from re-authentication shall unlock the management session. Note that CCI-001133 requires that administrative network sessions be disconnected after 10 minutes of idle time. So this requirement may only apply to local administrative sessions.

Checks: C-55653r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to see if it initiates a session lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity. This may be verified by configuration check or demonstration. If a session lock is not initiated after a 15-minute period of inactivity, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59897r1_fix

Configure the network device to initiate a session lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity.

b

The application or console being used to administer a network device must provide the capability for network administrators to directly initiate a session lock.

AC-11 - Medium - CCI-000058 - V-55033 - SV-69279r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-11

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000058

Version

SRG-APP-000004-NDM-000203

Vuln IDs

V-55033

Rule IDs

SV-69279r2_rule

A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Rather than being forced to wait for a period of time to expire before the management session can be locked, network management consoles need to provide administrators with the ability to manually invoke a session lock so they may secure their management session should the need arise for them to temporarily vacate the immediate physical vicinity of the management workstation. Once invoked, the session lock shall remain in place until the administrator re-authenticates. No other system activity aside from re-authentication shall unlock the management session. The session lock is implemented at the point where session activity can be determined. This is typically at the operating system-level, but may be at the application-level. The session lock is initiated and controlled by either the client application or the workstation being used to access a network element. Many terminal emulation clients implement this capability through software flow control or XOFF/XON flow control. If this capability is not available, administrators must terminate all management sessions before leaving their management console or workstation. This includes closing any views or windows from those sessions.

Checks: C-55655r2_chk

Directly observe the management application or the console; if an administrator cannot directly initiate a session lock from either the management application or the console, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59899r2_fix

This is an intrinsic capability of the client application or the console. Many terminal emulation clients implement this capability through software flow control or XOFF/XON flow control.

b

The network device must retain the session lock until the administrator reestablishes access using established identification and authentication procedures.

AC-11 - Medium - CCI-000056 - V-55035 - SV-69281r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-11

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000056

Version

SRG-APP-000005-NDM-000204

Vuln IDs

V-55035

Rule IDs

SV-69281r1_rule

A session lock is a temporary network device or administrator-initiated action taken when the administrator stops work but does not log out of the network device. Once invoked, the session lock shall remain in place until the administrator re-authenticates. No other system activity aside from re-authentication shall unlock the management session.

Checks: C-55657r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if the device retains session lock until the administrator re-authenticates. This may be verified by configuration check, demonstration, or other validation test results. If the device does not require re-authentication before releasing the session lock, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59901r1_fix

Configure the network device to retain session lock until the administrator re-authenticates.

b

The network element must provide automated support for account management functions.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-000015 - V-55037 - SV-69283r4_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000015

Version

SRG-APP-000023-NDM-000205

Vuln IDs

V-55037

Rule IDs

SV-69283r4_rule

If account management functions are not automatically enforced, an attacker could gain privileged access to a vital element of the network security architecture. Account management functions include: assignment of group or role membership; identifying account type; specifying user access authorizations (i.e., privileges); account removal, update, or termination; and administrative alerts.

Checks: C-55659r4_chk

Review the device configuration or documentation. Verify device has applications and automated tools for account management functions including: assignment of group or role membership; identifying account type; specifying user access authorizations (i.e., privileges); account removal, update, or termination; and administrative alerts. If the network device does not provide automated support for account management functions, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59903r4_fix

Configure the network device to provide automated support for account management functions.

b

The network device must automatically remove or disable temporary user accounts after 72 hours.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-000016 - V-55039 - SV-69285r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000016

Version

SRG-APP-000024-NDM-000206

Vuln IDs

V-55039

Rule IDs

SV-69285r1_rule

Temporary accounts are established as part of normal account activation procedures when there is a need for short-term accounts without the demand for immediacy in account activation. If temporary accounts remain active when no longer needed, they may be used to gain unauthorized access. The risk is greater for the network device since these accounts have elevated privileges. To mitigate this risk, automated termination of all temporary accounts must be set upon account creation.

Checks: C-55661r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if it automatically disables or removes temporary accounts after 72 hours or is configured to use an authentication server that would perform this function. If the use of temporary accounts is prohibited, this is not a finding. If the network device or its associated authentication server does not automatically disable or remove temporary accounts after 72 hours, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59905r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to automatically disable or remove temporary accounts after 72 hours. An acceptable method would be to place an expiration date on the account upon creation.

b

The network device must automatically disable accounts after a 35-day period of account inactivity.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-000017 - V-55041 - SV-69287r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000017

Version

SRG-APP-000025-NDM-000207

Vuln IDs

V-55041

Rule IDs

SV-69287r2_rule

Since the accounts in the network device are privileged or system-level accounts, account management is vital to the security of the network device. Inactive accounts could be reactivated or compromised by unauthorized users, allowing exploitation of vulnerabilities and undetected access to the network device. This control does not apply to the account of last resort or root account. DoD prohibits local user accounts on the device, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account.

Checks: C-55663r2_chk

Determine if the network device disables account after 35 days of inactivity for all local accounts except for the account of last resort or root account. For non-local accounts, verify that the device is configured to use an authentication server. If the network device does not have the capability to automatically disable or remove accounts after 35 days of inactivity, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59907r3_fix

Configure the network device to automatically disable accounts after 35 days of inactivity. Disable or remove unauthorized local accounts, except for the account of last resort and the root account

b

The network device must automatically audit account creation.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-000018 - V-55043 - SV-69289r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000018

Version

SRG-APP-000026-NDM-000208

Vuln IDs

V-55043

Rule IDs

SV-69289r1_rule

Upon gaining access to a network device, an attacker will often first attempt to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is to create a new account. Notification of account creation helps to mitigate this risk. Auditing account creation provides the necessary reconciliation that account management procedures are being followed. Without this audit trail, personnel without the proper authorization may gain access to critical network nodes.

Checks: C-55665r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if it automatically audits account creation or is configured to use an authentication server which would perform this function. If account creation is not automatically audited, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59909r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to automatically audit the creation of accounts.

b

The network device must automatically audit account modification.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001403 - V-55045 - SV-69291r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001403

Version

SRG-APP-000027-NDM-000209

Vuln IDs

V-55045

Rule IDs

SV-69291r1_rule

Since the accounts in the network device are privileged or system-level accounts, account management is vital to the security of the network device. Account management by a designated authority ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel with the appropriate and necessary privileges. Auditing account modification along with an automatic notification to appropriate individuals will provide the necessary reconciliation that account management procedures are being followed. If modifications to management accounts are not audited, reconciliation of account management procedures cannot be tracked.

Checks: C-55667r1_chk

Check the network device to determine if account modification actions are automatically audited. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If account modification is not automatically audited, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59911r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to automatically audit the modification of accounts.

b

The network device must automatically audit account disabling actions.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001404 - V-55047 - SV-69293r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001404

Version

SRG-APP-000028-NDM-000210

Vuln IDs

V-55047

Rule IDs

SV-69293r1_rule

Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account disabling actions will support account management procedures. When device management accounts are disabled, user or service accessibility may be affected. Auditing also ensures authorized active accounts remain enabled and available for use when required.

Checks: C-55669r1_chk

Check the network device to determine if account disabling actions are automatically audited. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If account disabling actions are not audited, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59913r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to automatically audit the disabling of accounts.

b

The network device must automatically audit account removal actions.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001405 - V-55049 - SV-69295r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001405

Version

SRG-APP-000029-NDM-000211

Vuln IDs

V-55049

Rule IDs

SV-69295r1_rule

Account management, as a whole, ensures access to the network device is being controlled in a secure manner by granting access to only authorized personnel. Auditing account removal actions will support account management procedures. When device management accounts are terminated, user or service accessibility may be affected. Auditing also ensures authorized active accounts remain enabled and available for use when required.

Checks: C-55671r1_chk

Check the network device to determine if account removal actions are automatically audited. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If account removal actions are not automatically audited, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59915r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to automatically audit the removal of accounts.

c

The network device must enforce the assigned privilege level for each administrator and authorizations for access to all commands relative to the privilege level in accordance with applicable policy for the device.

AC-3 - High - CCI-000213 - V-55051 - SV-69297r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-3

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-000213

Version

SRG-APP-000033-NDM-000212

Vuln IDs

V-55051

Rule IDs

SV-69297r2_rule

To mitigate the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information by entities that have been issued certificates by DoD-approved PKIs, all DoD systems must be properly configured to incorporate access control methods that do not rely solely on the possession of a certificate for access. Successful authentication must not automatically give an entity access to an asset or security boundary. Authorization procedures and controls must be implemented to ensure each authenticated entity also has a validated and current authorization. Authorization is the process of determining whether an entity, once authenticated, is permitted to access a specific asset. Network devices use access control policies and enforcement mechanisms to implement this requirement. Access control policies include identity-based policies, role-based policies, and attribute-based policies. Access enforcement mechanisms include access control lists, access control matrices, and cryptography. These policies and mechanisms must be employed by the network device to control access between administrators (or processes acting on behalf of administrators) and objects (e.g., device commands, files, records, processes) in the network device.

Checks: C-55673r1_chk

Determine if the network device enforces the assigned privilege level for each administrator and authorizations for access to all commands relative to the privilege level in accordance with applicable policy for the device. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If the network device does not enforce the assigned privilege level for each administrator and authorizations for access to all commands relative to the privilege level, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59917r1_fix

Configure the network device to enforce the assigned privilege level for each administrator and authorizations for access to all commands relative to the privilege level in accordance with applicable policy for the device.

b

The network device must enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within the network device based on information flow control policies.

AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001368 - V-55053 - SV-69299r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-4

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001368

Version

SRG-APP-000038-NDM-000213

Vuln IDs

V-55053

Rule IDs

SV-69299r1_rule

A mechanism to detect and prevent unauthorized communication flow must be configured or provided as part of the system design. If management information flow is not enforced based on approved authorizations, the network device may become compromised. Information flow control regulates where management information is allowed to travel within a network device. The flow of all management information must be monitored and controlled so it does not introduce any unacceptable risk to the network device or data. Application-specific examples of enforcement occur in systems that employ rule sets or establish configuration settings that restrict information system services or message-filtering capability based on message content (e.g., implementing key word searches or using document characteristics). Applications providing information flow control must be able to enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within the system in accordance with applicable policy.

Checks: C-55675r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if it enforces approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within the network device based on information flow control policies. If it does not enforce these approved authorizations, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59919r1_fix

Configure the network device to enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of management information within the network device based on information flow control policies.

b

The network device must be configured to enforce the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts, after which time it must lock out the user account from accessing the device for 15 minutes.

AC-7 - Medium - CCI-000044 - V-55055 - SV-69301r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-7

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000044

Version

SRG-APP-000065-NDM-000214

Vuln IDs

V-55055

Rule IDs

SV-69301r2_rule

By limiting the number of failed login attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute-forcing, is reduced.

Checks: C-55677r2_chk

Review the device configuration to verify that it enforces the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts. If the device is not configured to enforce the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59921r2_fix

Configure the network device to enforce the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts during a 15-minute time period.

b

The network device must display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the device.

AC-8 - Medium - CCI-000048 - V-55057 - SV-69303r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-8

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000048

Version

SRG-APP-000068-NDM-000215

Vuln IDs

V-55057

Rule IDs

SV-69303r1_rule

Display of the DoD-approved use notification before granting access to the network device ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. System use notifications are required only for access via logon interfaces with human users.

Checks: C-55679r3_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to present a DoD-approved banner that is formatted in accordance with DTM-08-060. If such a banner is not presented, this is a finding. Use the following verbiage for applications that can accommodate banners of 1300 characters: "You are accessing a U.S. Government (USG) Information System (IS) that is provided for USG-authorized use only. By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions: -The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations. -At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS. -Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose. -This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests--not for your personal benefit or privacy. -Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details." Use the following verbiage for operating systems that have severe limitations on the number of characters that can be displayed in the banner: "I've read & consent to terms in IS user agreem't."

Fix: F-59923r1_fix

Configure the network device to display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the device.

b

The network device must retain the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until the administrator acknowledges the usage conditions and takes explicit actions to log on for further access.

AC-8 - Medium - CCI-000050 - V-55059 - SV-69305r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-8

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000050

Version

SRG-APP-000069-NDM-000216

Vuln IDs

V-55059

Rule IDs

SV-69305r2_rule

The banner must be acknowledged by the administrator prior to the device allowing the administrator access to the network device. This provides assurance that the administrator has seen the message and accepted the conditions for access. If the consent banner is not acknowledged by the administrator, DoD will not be in compliance with system use notifications required by law. To establish acceptance of the network administration policy, a click-through banner at management session logon is required. The device must prevent further activity until the administrator executes a positive action to manifest agreement. In the case of CLI access using a terminal client, entering the username and password when the banner is presented is considered an explicit action of acknowledgement. Entering the username, viewing the banner, then entering the password is also acceptable.

Checks: C-55681r2_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to retain the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until the administrator acknowledges the usage conditions and takes explicit actions to log on for further access. If the network device does not retain the banner on the screen until the administrator acknowledges the usage conditions and takes explicit actions to log on for further access, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59925r2_fix

Configure the network device to retain the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until the administrator acknowledges the usage conditions and takes explicit actions to log on for further access.

b

Upon successful login, the network device must notify the administrator of the date and time of the last login.

AC-9 - Medium - CCI-000052 - V-55061 - SV-69307r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000052

Version

SRG-APP-000075-NDM-000217

Vuln IDs

V-55061

Rule IDs

SV-69307r1_rule

Administrators need to be aware of activity that occurs regarding their network device management account. Providing administrators with information regarding the date and time of their last successful login allows them to determine if any unauthorized activity has occurred. This incorporates all methods of login, including, but not limited to, SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, and physical connectivity.

Checks: C-55683r1_chk

Determine if the network device is either configured to notify the administrator of the date and time of their last login or configured to use an authentication server which would perform this function. If the administrator is not notified of the date and time of the last login upon successful login, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59927r1_fix

Configure the network device to notify the administrator of the date and time of the last login upon successful login.

b

Upon successful login, the network device must notify the administrator of the number of unsuccessful login attempts since the last successful login.

AC-9 - Medium - CCI-000053 - V-55063 - SV-69309r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000053

Version

SRG-APP-000076-NDM-000218

Vuln IDs

V-55063

Rule IDs

SV-69309r1_rule

Administrators need to be aware of activity that occurs regarding their network device management account. Providing administrators with information regarding the number of unsuccessful attempts made to login to their account allows them to determine if any unauthorized activity has occurred. Without this information, the administrator may not be aware that unauthorized activity has occurred. This incorporates all methods of login, including, but not limited to, SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, and physical connectivity.

Checks: C-55685r1_chk

Determine if the network device is either configured to notify the administrator of the number of unsuccessful login attempts since the last successful login or configured to use an authentication server which would perform this function. If the administrator is not notified of the number of unsuccessful login attempts since the last successful login, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59929r1_fix

Configure the network device to notify the administrator of the number of unsuccessful login attempts since the last successful login, upon successful login.

b

The network device must notify the administrator of changes to access and/or privilege parameters of the administrators account that occurred since the last logon.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55065 - SV-69311r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000079-NDM-000219

Vuln IDs

V-55065

Rule IDs

SV-69311r1_rule

Providing administrators with information regarding security-related changes to their account allows them to determine if any unauthorized activity has occurred. Changes to the account could be an indication of the account being compromised. Hence, without notification to the administrator, the compromise could go undetected if other controls were not in place to mitigate this risk.

Checks: C-55687r1_chk

Determine if the network device notifies the administrator of changes to access and/or privilege parameters of the administrator's account that occurred since the last logon. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If the administrator is not notified of changes to access and/or privilege parameters of the administrator's account that occurred since the last logon, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59931r1_fix

Configure the network device to notify the administrator of changes to access and/or privilege parameters of the administrator's account that occurred since the last logon.

b

The network device must audit the execution of privileged functions.

AC-6 - Medium - CCI-002234 - V-55067 - SV-69313r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002234

Version

SRG-APP-000343-NDM-000289

Vuln IDs

V-55067

Rule IDs

SV-69313r1_rule

Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious and ongoing concern and can have significant adverse impacts on organizations. Auditing the use of privileged functions is one way to detect such misuse and identify the risk from insider threats and the advanced persistent threat.

Checks: C-55689r1_chk

Determine if the network device audits the execution of privileged functions. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device does not audit the execution of privileged functions, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59933r1_fix

Configure the network device to audit the execution of privileged functions.

b

The network device must automatically lock the account until the locked account is released by an administrator when three unsuccessful login attempts in 15 minutes are exceeded.

AC-7 - Medium - CCI-002238 - V-55069 - SV-69315r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-7

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002238

Version

SRG-APP-000345-NDM-000290

Vuln IDs

V-55069

Rule IDs

SV-69315r1_rule

By limiting the number of failed login attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute-forcing, is reduced. Limits are imposed by locking the account.

Checks: C-55691r1_chk

Determine if the network device automatically locks the account until the locked account is released by an administrator when three unsuccessful login attempts in 15 minutes are exceeded. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If an account is not automatically locked out until the locked account is released by an administrator when three unsuccessful login attempts in 15 minutes are exceeded, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59935r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to automatically lock the account until the locked account is released by an administrator when three unsuccessful login attempts in 15 minutes are exceeded.

b

The network device must notify the administrator, upon successful logon (access), of the location of last logon (terminal or IP address) in addition to the date and time of the last logon (access).

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55071 - SV-69317r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000346-NDM-000291

Vuln IDs

V-55071

Rule IDs

SV-69317r1_rule

Administrators need to be aware of activity that occurs regarding their account. Providing them with information deemed important by the organization may aid in the discovery of unauthorized access or thwart a potential attacker. Organizations should consider the risks to the specific information system being accessed and the threats presented by the device to the environment when configuring this option. An excessive or unnecessary amount of information presented to the administrator at logon is not recommended.

Checks: C-55693r1_chk

Determine if the network device notifies the administrator upon successful logon of the location of last logon (terminal or IP address) in addition to the date and time of the last logon. If the administrator is not notified of the location of last logon (terminal or IP address) upon successful logon, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59937r1_fix

Configure the network device to notify the administrator upon successful logon of the location of last logon (terminal or IP address).

b

The network device must provide the capability for organization-identified individuals or roles to change the auditing to be performed based on all selectable event criteria within near-real-time.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-001914 - V-55073 - SV-69319r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001914

Version

SRG-APP-000353-NDM-000292

Vuln IDs

V-55073

Rule IDs

SV-69319r1_rule

If authorized individuals do not have the ability to modify auditing parameters in response to a changing threat environment, the organization may not be able to effectively respond, and important forensic information may be lost. This requirement enables organizations to extend or limit auditing as necessary to meet organizational requirements. Auditing that is limited to conserve information system resources may be extended to address certain threat situations. In addition, auditing may be limited to a specific set of events to facilitate audit reduction, analysis, and reporting. Organizations can establish time thresholds in which audit actions are changed, for example, near-real-time, within minutes, or within hours. The individuals or roles to change the auditing are dependent on the security configuration of the network device--for example, it may be configured to allow only some administrators to change the auditing, while other administrators can review audit logs but not reconfigure auditing. Because this capability is so powerful, organizations should be extremely cautious about only granting this capability to fully authorized security personnel.

Checks: C-55695r1_chk

Determine if the network device provides the capability for organization-identified individuals or roles to change the auditing to be performed based on all selectable event criteria within near-real-time. This requirement may be verified by configuration review or demonstration. If the network device does not provide the capability for organization-identified individuals or roles to change the auditing to be performed based on all selectable event criteria within near-real-time, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59939r1_fix

Configure the network device to provide the capability for organization-identified individuals or roles to change the auditing to be performed based on all selectable event criteria within near-real-time.

b

The network device must allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements.

AU-4 - Medium - CCI-001849 - V-55075 - SV-69321r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-4

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001849

Version

SRG-APP-000357-NDM-000293

Vuln IDs

V-55075

Rule IDs

SV-69321r1_rule

In order to ensure network devices have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, they need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. The task of allocating audit record storage capacity is usually performed during initial device setup if it is modifiable. The value for the organization-defined audit record storage requirement will depend on the amount of storage available on the network device, the anticipated volume of logs, the frequency of transfer from the network device to centralized log servers, and other factors.

Checks: C-55697r1_chk

Determine if the network device allocates audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements. This requirement may be verified by configuration review or vendor-provided information. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured syslog server if the device is configured to use the syslog server. If audit record store capacity is not allocated in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59941r1_fix

Configure the network device to allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements.

b

The network device must generate an immediate alert when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of repository maximum audit record storage capacity.

AU-5 - Medium - CCI-001855 - V-55077 - SV-69323r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001855

Version

SRG-APP-000359-NDM-000294

Vuln IDs

V-55077

Rule IDs

SV-69323r1_rule

If security personnel are not notified immediately upon storage volume utilization reaching 75%, they are unable to plan for storage capacity expansion. This could lead to the loss of audit information. Note that while the network device must generate the alert, notification may be done by a management server.

Checks: C-55699r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates an immediate alert when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of repository maximum audit record storage capacity. This requirement may be verified by configuration review or validated test results. If an immediate alert is not generated when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of repository maximum audit record storage capacity, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59943r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate an immediate alert when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of repository maximum audit record storage capacity.

b

The network device must generate an immediate real-time alert of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts.

AU-5 - Medium - CCI-001858 - V-55079 - SV-69325r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001858

Version

SRG-APP-000360-NDM-000295

Vuln IDs

V-55079

Rule IDs

SV-69325r1_rule

It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected. Alerts provide organizations with urgent messages. Real-time alerts provide these messages immediately (i.e., the time from event detection to alert occurs in seconds or less).

Checks: C-55701r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates an immediate alert of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts. This requirement may be verified by configuration review or validated test results. If an immediate alert of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts is not generated, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59945r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate an immediate real-time alert of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts.

b

The network device must protect against an individual (or process acting on behalf of an individual) falsely denying having performed organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation.

AU-10 - Medium - CCI-000166 - V-55085 - SV-69331r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-10

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000166

Version

SRG-APP-000080-NDM-000220

Vuln IDs

V-55085

Rule IDs

SV-69331r1_rule

This requirement supports non-repudiation of actions taken by an administrator and is required in order to maintain the integrity of the configuration management process. All configuration changes to the network device are logged, and administrators authenticate with two-factor authentication before gaining administrative access. Together, these processes will ensure the administrators can be held accountable for the configuration changes they implement. To meet this requirement, the network device must log administrator access and activity.

Checks: C-55707r1_chk

Determine if the network device protects against an individual (or process acting on behalf of an individual) falsely denying having performed organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation. This requires logging all administrator access and configuration activity. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. (Note that two-factor authentication of administrator access is needed to support this requirement.) If the network device does not protect against an individual (or process acting on behalf of an individual) falsely denying having performed organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59951r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to protect against an individual (or process acting on behalf of an individual) falsely denying having performed organization-defined actions to be covered by non-repudiation. Examples that support this include configuring the audit log to capture administration login events and configuration changes to the network device.

b

The network device must allow only the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000171 - V-55089 - SV-69335r2_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000171

Version

SRG-APP-000090-NDM-000222

Vuln IDs

V-55089

Rule IDs

SV-69335r2_rule

Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events. Misconfigured audits may degrade the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfigured audits may also make it more difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.

Checks: C-55711r2_chk

Determine if the network device allows only the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If parties other than the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) are allowed to select which auditable events are to be audited, this is a finding. If the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) is not allowed to select which auditable events are to be audited, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59955r2_fix

Configure the network device settings to allow only the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are audited.

b

The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000172 - V-55091 - SV-69337r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000172

Version

SRG-APP-000091-NDM-000223

Vuln IDs

V-55091

Rule IDs

SV-69337r1_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

Checks: C-55713r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur. If the network device does not generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59957r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur.

b

The network device must initiate session auditing upon startup.

AU-14 - Medium - CCI-001464 - V-55093 - SV-69339r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-14

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001464

Version

SRG-APP-000092-NDM-000224

Vuln IDs

V-55093

Rule IDs

SV-69339r1_rule

If auditing is enabled late in the startup process, the actions of some start-up processes may not be audited. Some audit systems also maintain state information only available if auditing is enabled before a given process is created.

Checks: C-55715r1_chk

Determine if the network device initiates session auditing upon startup. This requirement may be verified by validated test results. If the network device does not initiate session auditing upon startup, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59959r1_fix

Configure the network device to initiate session auditing upon startup.

b

The network device must produce audit log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of event occurred.

AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000130 - V-55095 - SV-69341r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000130

Version

SRG-APP-000095-NDM-000225

Vuln IDs

V-55095

Rule IDs

SV-69341r1_rule

It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done in order to compile an accurate risk assessment. Associating event types with detected events in the application and audit logs provides a means of investigating an attack; recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or identifying an improperly configured network device. Without this capability, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack.

Checks: C-55717r1_chk

Determine if the network device produces audit log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of event occurred. If the network device does not produce audit log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of event occurred, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59961r1_fix

Configure the network device to produce audit log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of event occurred.

b

The network device must produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred.

AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000131 - V-55097 - SV-69343r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000131

Version

SRG-APP-000096-NDM-000226

Vuln IDs

V-55097

Rule IDs

SV-69343r1_rule

It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done, what was attempted, where it was done, when it was done, and by whom it was done in order to compile an accurate risk assessment. Logging the date and time of each detected event provides a means of investigating an attack; recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or identifying an improperly configured network device. In order to establish and correlate the series of events leading up to an outage or attack, it is imperative the date and time are recorded in all log records.

Checks: C-55719r1_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred. If the network device does not produce audit records containing information to establish when the events occurred, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59963r1_fix

Configure the network device to produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred.

b

The network device must produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred.

AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000132 - V-55099 - SV-69345r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000132

Version

SRG-APP-000097-NDM-000227

Vuln IDs

V-55099

Rule IDs

SV-69345r1_rule

In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know where events occurred, such as device hardware components, device software modules, session identifiers, filenames, host names, and functionality. Associating information about where the event occurred within the network device provides a means of investigating an attack; recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or identifying an improperly configured device.

Checks: C-55721r1_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred. If the network device does not produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59965r1_fix

Configure the network device to produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred.

c

The network device must be configured to prohibit the use of all unnecessary and/or nonsecure functions, ports, protocols, and/or services

CM-7 - High - CCI-000382 - V-55101 - SV-69347r3_rule

RMF Control

CM-7

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-000382

Version

SRG-APP-000142-NDM-000245

Vuln IDs

V-55101

Rule IDs

SV-69347r3_rule

In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must disable unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols on information systems. Network devices are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services provided by default may not be necessary to support essential organizational operations. Additionally, it is sometimes convenient to provide multiple services from a single component (e.g., email and web services); however, doing so increases risk over limiting the services provided by any one component. To support the requirements and principles of least functionality, the network device must support the organizational requirements providing only essential capabilities and limiting the use of ports, protocols, and/or services to only those required, authorized, and approved. Some network devices have capabilities enabled by default; if these capabilities are not necessary, they must be disabled. If a particular capability is used, then it must be documented and approved.

Checks: C-55723r2_chk

Determine if the network device prohibits the use of all unnecessary and/or nonsecure functions, ports, protocols, and/or services. If any unnecessary or nonsecure functions are permitted, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59967r2_fix

Configure the network device to prohibit the use of all unnecessary and/or nonsecure functions, ports, protocols, and/or services.

c

The network device must uniquely identify and authenticate organizational administrators (or processes acting on behalf of organizational administrators).

IA-2 - High - CCI-000764 - V-55103 - SV-69349r3_rule

RMF Control

IA-2

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-000764

Version

SRG-APP-000148-NDM-000246

Vuln IDs

V-55103

Rule IDs

SV-69349r3_rule

To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational administrators must be uniquely identified and authenticated for all network management accesses to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system. This control does not apply to the root account (when applicable) or the account of last resort which are considered to be authorized shared accounts.

Checks: C-55725r2_chk

Determine if the network device uniquely identifies and authenticates organizational administrators. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If organizational administrators are not uniquely identified and authenticated, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59969r1_fix

Configure the network device to uniquely identify and authenticate organizational administrators.

b

The network device must use multifactor authentication for network access to privileged accounts.

IA-2 - Medium - CCI-000765 - V-55105 - SV-69351r4_rule

RMF Control

IA-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000765

Version

SRG-APP-000149-NDM-000247

Vuln IDs

V-55105

Rule IDs

SV-69351r4_rule

Multifactor authentication requires using two or more factors to achieve authentication. Factors include: (i) something a user knows (e.g., password/PIN); (ii) something a user has (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); or (iii) something a user is (e.g., biometric). A privileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Network access is defined as access to an information system by a user (or a process acting on behalf of a user) communicating through a network (e.g., LAN, WAN, or the Internet). This requirement does not apply to the account of last resort or root account. DoD prohibits local user accounts on the device, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account.

Checks: C-55727r4_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to use multifactor authentication for network access to privileged users, including administrator accounts. Network access may use a properly implemented authentication server for validation of credentials. If multifactor authentication is not used for network access to all privileged accounts, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59971r3_fix

Configure the network device to use multifactor authentication for network access to privileged accounts. This requirement does not apply to the account of last resort or root account. DoD prohibits local user accounts on the device, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account.

b

The network device must use multifactor authentication for local access to privileged accounts.

IA-2 - Medium - CCI-000767 - V-55107 - SV-69353r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000767

Version

SRG-APP-000151-NDM-000248

Vuln IDs

V-55107

Rule IDs

SV-69353r2_rule

Multifactor authentication is defined as: using two or more factors to achieve authentication. Factors include: (i) Something a user knows (e.g., password/PIN); (ii) Something a user has (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); or (iii) Something a user is (e.g., biometric). To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, privileged users must utilize multifactor authentication to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system. Local access is defined as access to an organizational information system by a user (or process acting on behalf of a user) communicating through a direct connection without the use of a network. Applications integrating with the DoD Active Directory and utilizing the DoD CAC are examples of compliant multifactor authentication solutions. This control does not apply to the account of last resort or root account. DoD prohibits local user accounts on the device, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account.

Checks: C-55729r3_chk

Determine if the network device uses multifactor authentication for local access to privileged accounts. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If multifactor authentication is not used for local access to privileged accounts, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59973r2_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to use multifactor authentication for local access to privileged accounts. This control does not apply to the account of last resort or root account. DoD prohibits local user accounts on the device, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account.

b

The network device must be configured to authenticate each administrator prior to authorizing privileges based on assignment of group or role.

IA-2 - Medium - CCI-000770 - V-55109 - SV-69355r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000770

Version

SRG-APP-000153-NDM-000249

Vuln IDs

V-55109

Rule IDs

SV-69355r2_rule

To assure individual accountability and prevent unauthorized access, administrators must be individually identified and authenticated. Individual accountability mandates that each administrator is uniquely identified. A group authenticator is a shared account or some other form of authentication that allows multiple unique individuals to access the network device using a single account. If a device allows or provides for group authenticators, it must first individually authenticate administrators prior to implementing group authenticator functionality. Some devices may not have the need to provide a group authenticator; this is considered a matter of device design. In those instances where the device design includes the use of a group authenticator, this requirement will apply. This requirement applies to accounts created and managed on or by the network device.

Checks: C-55733r1_chk

Determine if the network device ensures that administrators are authenticated with an individual authenticator prior to using a group authenticator. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device does not authenticate administrators with an individual authenticator prior to using a group authenticator, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59975r1_fix

Configure the network device to ensure administrators are authenticated with an individual authenticator prior to using a group authenticator.

b

The network device must implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts.

IA-2 - Medium - CCI-001941 - V-55111 - SV-69357r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001941

Version

SRG-APP-000156-NDM-000250

Vuln IDs

V-55111

Rule IDs

SV-69357r1_rule

A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the application. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the application validating the user credentials must not be vulnerable to a replay attack. An authentication process resists replay attacks if it is impractical to achieve a successful authentication by recording and replaying a previous authentication message. Techniques used to address this include protocols using nonces (e.g., numbers generated for a specific one-time use) or challenges (e.g., TLS, WS_Security). Additional techniques include time-synchronous or challenge-response one-time authenticators.

Checks: C-55735r1_chk

Determine if the network device implements replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If the network device does not implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59977r1_fix

Configure the network device to implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts.

b

The network device must disable identifiers (individuals, groups, roles, and devices) after 35 days of inactivity.

IA-4 - Medium - CCI-000795 - V-55113 - SV-69359r3_rule

RMF Control

IA-4

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000795

Version

SRG-APP-000163-NDM-000251

Vuln IDs

V-55113

Rule IDs

SV-69359r3_rule

Inactive identifiers pose a risk to network devices. Attackers that are able to exploit an inactive identifier can potentially obtain and maintain undetected access to the device. Owners of inactive accounts may not notice if unauthorized access to their account has been obtained. Network devices need to track periods of inactivity and disable application identifiers after 35 days of inactivity. This control does not apply to the account of last resort or root account. DoD prohibits local user accounts on the device, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account.

Checks: C-55935r2_chk

Determine if the network device disables identifiers after 35 days of inactivity for all local identifiers except for the account of last resort or root account. For non-local accounts, verify that the device is configured to use an authentication server. If the network device does not have the capability to automatically disable or remove identifiers after 35 days of inactivity, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60179r2_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to disable identifiers after 35 days of inactivity. For remote logon using the authentication server, configure this capability on the authentication server. Disable or remove unauthorized local identifiers, except for the account of last resort and the root account.

b

The network device must enforce a minimum 15-character password length.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000205 - V-55115 - SV-69361r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000205

Version

SRG-APP-000164-NDM-000252

Vuln IDs

V-55115

Rule IDs

SV-69361r1_rule

Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Use of more characters in a password helps to exponentially increase the time and/or resources required to compromise the password.

Checks: C-55737r1_chk

Determine if the network device or its associated authentication server enforces a minimum 15-character password length. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device or its associated authentication server does not enforce a minimum 15-character password length, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59979r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to enforce a minimum 15-character password length.

b

The network device must prohibit password reuse for a minimum of five generations.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000200 - V-55117 - SV-69363r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000200

Version

SRG-APP-000165-NDM-000253

Vuln IDs

V-55117

Rule IDs

SV-69363r1_rule

Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. To meet password policy requirements, passwords need to be changed at specific policy-based intervals. If the network device allows the user to consecutively reuse their password when that password has exceeded its defined lifetime, the end result is a password that is not changed as per policy requirements.

Checks: C-55739r1_chk

Determine if the network device or its associated authentication server prohibits password reuse for a minimum of five generations. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device or its associated authentication server does not prohibit password reuse for a minimum of five generations, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59981r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to prohibit password reuse for a minimum of five generations.

b

The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000192 - V-55119 - SV-69365r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000192

Version

SRG-APP-000166-NDM-000254

Vuln IDs

V-55119

Rule IDs

SV-69365r2_rule

Use of a complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password is, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is required for all administrative and user accounts on network devices, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account. Passwords should only be used when MFA using PKI is not available, and for the account of last resort and root account.

Checks: C-55741r2_chk

Where passwords are used, confirm that the network device and associated authentication server enforces password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device and associated authentication server does not require that at least one upper-case character be used in each password, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59983r2_fix

Configure the network device and associated authentication server to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used.

b

The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lower-case character be used.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000193 - V-55121 - SV-69367r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000193

Version

SRG-APP-000167-NDM-000255

Vuln IDs

V-55121

Rule IDs

SV-69367r2_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is required for all administrative and user accounts on network devices, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account. Passwords should only be used when MFA using PKI is not available, and for the account of last resort and root account.

Checks: C-55743r2_chk

Where passwords are used, confirm that the network device and associated authentication server enforces password complexity by requiring that at least one lower-case character be used. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device and associated authentication server does not require that at least one lower-case character be used in each password, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59985r2_fix

Configure the network device and associated authentication server to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lower-case character be used.

b

The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000194 - V-55123 - SV-69369r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000194

Version

SRG-APP-000168-NDM-000256

Vuln IDs

V-55123

Rule IDs

SV-69369r2_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is required for all administrative and user accounts on network devices, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account. Passwords should only be used when MFA using PKI is not available, and for the account of last resort and root account.

Checks: C-55745r2_chk

Where passwords are used, confirm that the network device and associated authentication server enforces password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device and associated authentication server does not require that at least one numeric character be used in each password, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59987r2_fix

Configure the network device and associated authentication server to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used.

b

The network device must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-001619 - V-55125 - SV-69371r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001619

Version

SRG-APP-000169-NDM-000257

Vuln IDs

V-55125

Rule IDs

SV-69371r2_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is required for all administrative and user accounts on network devices, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account. Passwords should only be used when MFA using PKI is not available, and for the account of last resort and root account.

Checks: C-55747r2_chk

Where passwords are used, confirm that the network device and associated authentication server enforces password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device and associated authentication server does not require that at least one special character be used in each password, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59989r3_fix

Configure the network device and associated authentication server to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used.

b

The network device must require that when a password is changed, the characters are changed in at least eight of the positions within the password.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000195 - V-55127 - SV-69373r3_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000195

Version

SRG-APP-000170-NDM-000329

Vuln IDs

V-55127

Rule IDs

SV-69373r3_rule

: If the application allows the user to consecutively reuse extensive portions of passwords, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the window of opportunity for attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. The number of changed characters refers to the number of changes required with respect to the total number of positions in the current password. In other words, characters may be the same within the two passwords; however, the positions of the like characters must be different. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is required for all administrative and user accounts on network devices, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account. Passwords should only be used when MFA using PKI is not available, and for the account of last resort and root account.

Checks: C-55749r3_chk

Where passwords are used, confirm the characters are changed in at least eight of the positions within the password. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device and associated authentication server does not require that when a password is changed, the characters are changed in at least eight of the positions within the password, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59991r3_fix

Configure the network device and associated authentication server to require that when a password is changed, the characters are changed in at least eight of the positions within the password.

b

The network device must produce audit log records containing information to establish the source of events.

AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000133 - V-55129 - SV-69375r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000133

Version

SRG-APP-000098-NDM-000228

Vuln IDs

V-55129

Rule IDs

SV-69375r1_rule

In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know the source of the event. The source may be a component, module, or process within the device or an external session, administrator, or device. Associating information about where the source of the event occurred provides a means of investigating an attack; recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or identifying an improperly configured device.

Checks: C-55731r1_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to produce audit records containing information to establish the source (apparent cause) of the event. If the network device does not produce audit records containing information to establish the source of the event, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59993r1_fix

Configure the network device to produce audit records containing information to establish the source of the event.

c

The network device must only store cryptographic representations of passwords.

IA-5 - High - CCI-000196 - V-55131 - SV-69377r3_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-000196

Version

SRG-APP-000171-NDM-000258

Vuln IDs

V-55131

Rule IDs

SV-69377r3_rule

Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised. Network devices must enforce cryptographic representations of passwords when storing passwords in databases, configuration files, and log files. Passwords must be protected at all times; using a strong one-way hashing encryption algorithm with a salt is the standard method for providing a means to validate a password without having to store the actual password. Performance and time required to access are factors that must be considered, and the one way hash is the most feasible means of securing the password and providing an acceptable measure of password security. If passwords are stored in clear text, they can be plainly read and easily compromised. In many instances, verifying the user knows a password is performed using a password verifier. In its simplest form, a password verifier is a computational function that is capable of creating a hash of a password and determining if the value provided by the user matches the stored hash.

Checks: C-55751r2_chk

Review the network device’s files using a text editor or a database tool that allows viewing data stored in database tables. Determine if password strings are readable/discernable. Determine if the network device, and any associated authentication servers, enforce only storing cryptographic representations of passwords. Verify that databases, configuration files, and log files have encrypted representations of all passwords, and that no password strings are readable/discernable. Potential locations include the local file system where configurations and events are stored, or in a network device related database table. Also identify if the network device uses the MD5 hashing algorithm to create password hashes. If the network device, or any associated authentication servers, stores unencrypted (clear text) representations of passwords, this is a finding. If the network device uses MD5 hashing algorithm to create password hashes, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59995r2_fix

Configure the network device, and any associated authentication servers, to store all passwords using cryptographic representations. Configure all associated databases, configuration files, and log files to use only encrypted representations of passwords, and that no password strings are readable/discernable. Potential locations include the local file system where configurations and events are stored, or in a network device-related database table.

c

The network device must transmit only encrypted representations of passwords.

IA-5 - High - CCI-000197 - V-55133 - SV-69379r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-000197

Version

SRG-APP-000172-NDM-000259

Vuln IDs

V-55133

Rule IDs

SV-69379r2_rule

Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised. Network devices can accomplish this by making direct function calls to encryption modules or by leveraging operating system encryption capabilities.

Checks: C-55753r1_chk

Determine if the network device or its associated authentication server transmits only encrypted representations of passwords. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device or the associated authentication server transmits unencrypted representations of passwords, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59997r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to transmit only encrypted representations of passwords.

b

The network device must enforce 24 hours as the minimum password lifetime.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000198 - V-55135 - SV-69381r3_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000198

Version

SRG-APP-000173-NDM-000260

Vuln IDs

V-55135

Rule IDs

SV-69381r3_rule

Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement. Restricting this setting limits the user's ability to change their password. Passwords need to be changed at specific policy-based intervals; however, if the network device allows the user to immediately and continually change their password, then the password could be repeatedly changed in a short period of time to defeat the organization's policy regarding password reuse. This control does not include root account or the account of last resort. For network devices, implementation of this requirement could cause emergency maintenance issues if applied to these local accounts. For example, after maintenance by maintenance personnel who are not normally authorized access to these passwords, the passwords will need to be changed. This is the same as the requirement to change the password when a system administrator with knowledge of the passwords for the root or account of last resort leaves the organization.

Checks: C-55755r2_chk

Determine if the network device enforces 24 hours as the minimum password lifetime. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device does not enforce 24 hours as the minimum password lifetime, this is a finding.

Fix: F-59999r2_fix

Configure the network device to enforce 24 hours as the minimum password lifetime.

b

The network device must produce audit records that contain information to establish the outcome of the event.

AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000134 - V-55137 - SV-69383r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000134

Version

SRG-APP-000099-NDM-000229

Vuln IDs

V-55137

Rule IDs

SV-69383r1_rule

Without information about the outcome of events, security personnel cannot make an accurate assessment as to whether an attack was successful or if changes were made to the security state of the system. Event outcomes can include indicators of event success or failure and event-specific results (e.g., the security state of the device after the event occurred). As such, they also provide a means to measure the impact of an event and help authorized personnel to determine the appropriate response.

Checks: C-55757r1_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to produce audit records that contain information to establish the outcome of the event. If the network device does not produce audit records that contain information to establish the outcome of the event, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60001r1_fix

Configure the network device to produce audit records that contain information to establish the outcome of the event.

b

The network device must enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000199 - V-55139 - SV-69385r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000199

Version

SRG-APP-000174-NDM-000261

Vuln IDs

V-55139

Rule IDs

SV-69385r2_rule

Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, passwords need to be changed at specific intervals. One method of minimizing this risk is to use complex passwords and periodically change them. If the network device does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force users to change their passwords, there is the risk that the passwords could be compromised. This requirement does not include root account or the account of last resort which are meant for access to the network device in case of failure.

Checks: C-55759r2_chk

Determine if the network device enforces a 60-day maximum password lifetime. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device or its associated authentication server does not enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60003r2_fix

Configure the network device to enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime.

c

The network device, when utilizing PKI-based authentication, must accept only certificates issued by a DoD-approved Certificate Authority.

IA-5 - High - CCI-000185 - V-55141 - SV-69387r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-000185

Version

SRG-APP-000175-NDM-000262

Vuln IDs

V-55141

Rule IDs

SV-69387r2_rule

Without path validation, an informed trust decision by the relying party cannot be made when presented with any certificate not already explicitly trusted. When there is a chain of trust, usually the top entity to be trusted becomes the trust anchor; it can be, for example, a Certification Authority (CA). A certification path starts with the subject certificate and proceeds through a number of intermediate certificates up to a trusted root certificate, typically issued by a trusted CA.

Checks: C-55761r2_chk

When PKI-based authentication is used, verify the network device accepts only certificates issued by a DoD-approved Certificate Authority. Determine if a CA trust point has been configured. The CA trust point will contain the URL for the CA governing the network device. Verify this is a DoD or DoD-approved CA. This requirement may be verified by configuration review or validated test results. If PKI-based authentication is used and the network device accepts certificates issued by other Certificate Authorities other than a DoD-approved Certificate Authority, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60005r2_fix

Configure the network device to accept only certificates issued by a DoD-approved Certificate Authority.

b

The network device must generate audit records containing information that establishes the identity of any individual or process associated with the event.

AU-3 - Medium - CCI-001487 - V-55143 - SV-69389r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001487

Version

SRG-APP-000100-NDM-000230

Vuln IDs

V-55143

Rule IDs

SV-69389r1_rule

Without information that establishes the identity of the subjects (i.e., administrators or processes acting on behalf of administrators) associated with the events, security personnel cannot determine responsibility for the potentially harmful event. Event identifiers (if authenticated or otherwise known) include, but are not limited to, user database tables, primary key values, user names, or process identifiers.

Checks: C-55763r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records containing information that establishes the identity of any individual or process associated with the event. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or validated test results. If the network device does not generate audit records containing information that establishes the identity of any individual or process associated with the event, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60007r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records containing information that establishes the identity of any individual or process associated with the event.

b

The network device must map the authenticated identity to the user account for PKI-based authentication.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000187 - V-55145 - SV-69391r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000187

Version

SRG-APP-000177-NDM-000263

Vuln IDs

V-55145

Rule IDs

SV-69391r1_rule

Authorization for access to any network device requires an approved and assigned individual account identifier. To ensure only the assigned individual is using the account, the account must be bound to a user certificate when PKI-based authentication is implemented.

Checks: C-55765r1_chk

Determine if the network device maps the authenticated identity to the user account for PKI-based authentication. This requirement may be verified by configuration review or validated test results. If the network device does not map the authenticated identity to the user account for PKI-based authentication, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60009r1_fix

Configure the network device to map the authenticated identity to the user account for PKI-based authentication.

b

The network device must generate audit records containing the full-text recording of privileged commands.

AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000135 - V-55147 - SV-69393r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000135

Version

SRG-APP-000101-NDM-000231

Vuln IDs

V-55147

Rule IDs

SV-69393r1_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. Organizations consider limiting the additional audit information to only that information explicitly needed for specific audit requirements. The additional information required is dependent on the type of information (i.e., sensitivity of the data and the environment within which it resides). At a minimum, the organization must audit full-text recording of privileged commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise.

Checks: C-55767r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records containing the full-text recording of privileged commands. If such audit records are not being generated, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60011r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records containing the full-text recording of privileged commands.

c

The network device must obscure feedback of authentication information during the authentication process to protect the information from possible exploitation/use by unauthorized individuals.

IA-6 - High - CCI-000206 - V-55149 - SV-69395r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-6

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-000206

Version

SRG-APP-000178-NDM-000264

Vuln IDs

V-55149

Rule IDs

SV-69395r2_rule

To prevent the compromise of authentication information such as passwords during the authentication process, the feedback from the network device must not provide any information that would allow an unauthorized user to compromise the authentication mechanism. Obfuscation of user-provided information when typed into the system is a method used in addressing this risk. For example, displaying asterisks when a user types in a password is an example of obscuring feedback of authentication information.

Checks: C-55769r1_chk

Determine if the network device obscures feedback of authentication information during the authentication process. This requirement may be verified by demonstration. If the network device does not obscure feedback of authentication information during the authentication process, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60013r1_fix

Configure the network device to obscure feedback of authentication information during the authentication process.

b

The network device must alert the ISSO and SA (at a minimum) in the event of an audit processing failure.

AU-5 - Medium - CCI-000139 - V-55151 - SV-69397r2_rule

RMF Control

AU-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000139

Version

SRG-APP-000108-NDM-000232

Vuln IDs

V-55151

Rule IDs

SV-69397r2_rule

It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected. Audit processing failures include software/hardware errors, failures in the audit capturing mechanisms, and audit storage capacity being reached or exceeded.

Checks: C-55771r2_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to alert the ISSO and SA (at a minimum) in the event of an audit processing failure. This requirement can be met by a central audit server if the network device is configured to send audit logs to that audit server. If the ISSO and SA are not being alerted in the event of an audit processing failure, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60015r2_fix

Configure the network device to alert the ISSO and SA (at a minimum) in the event of an audit processing failure.

c

The network device must use FIPS 140-2 approved algorithms for authentication to a cryptographic module.

IA-7 - High - CCI-000803 - V-55153 - SV-69399r4_rule

RMF Control

IA-7

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-000803

Version

SRG-APP-000179-NDM-000265

Vuln IDs

V-55153

Rule IDs

SV-69399r4_rule

Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not validated and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised. Network devices utilizing encryption are required to use FIPS-compliant mechanisms for authenticating to cryptographic modules. FIPS 140-2 is the current standard for validating that mechanisms used to access cryptographic modules utilize authentication that meets DoD requirements. However, authentication algorithms must configure security processes to use only FIPS-approved and NIST-recommended authentication algorithms.

Checks: C-55773r3_chk

Determine if the network device uses FIPS 140-2 approved algorithms for authentication to a cryptographic module. If the network device is not configured to use a FIPS-approved authentication algorithm to a cryptographic module, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60017r2_fix

Configure the network device to use FIPS 140-2 approved algorithms for authentication to a cryptographic module.

b

The network device must terminate all sessions and network connections when nonlocal device maintenance is completed.

MA-4 - Medium - CCI-000879 - V-55155 - SV-69401r1_rule

RMF Control

MA-4

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000879

Version

SRG-APP-000186-NDM-000266

Vuln IDs

V-55155

Rule IDs

SV-69401r1_rule

If a device management session or connection remains open after management is completed, it may be hijacked by an attacker and used to compromise or damage the network device. Nonlocal device management and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network (e.g., the Internet) or an internal network. In the event the remote node has abnormally terminated or an upstream link from the managed device is down, the management session will be terminated, thereby freeing device resources and eliminating any possibility of an unauthorized user being orphaned to an open idle session of the managed device.

Checks: C-55777r1_chk

Determine if the network device terminates all sessions and network connections when nonlocal device maintenance is completed. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or validated test results. If the network device does not terminate all sessions and network connections when nonlocal device maintenance is complete, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60021r1_fix

Configure the network device to terminate all sessions and network connections when nonlocal device maintenance is completed.

b

The network device must shut down by default upon audit failure (unless availability is an overriding concern).

AU-5 - Medium - CCI-000140 - V-55157 - SV-69403r2_rule

RMF Control

AU-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000140

Version

SRG-APP-000109-NDM-000233

Vuln IDs

V-55157

Rule IDs

SV-69403r2_rule

It is critical that when the network device is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, it take action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware errors; failures in the audit capturing mechanisms; and audit storage capacity being reached or exceeded. Responses to audit failure depend upon the nature of the failure mode. When availability is an overriding concern, both of the following approved actions must be performed in response to an audit failure: (i) If the failure was caused by the lack of audit record storage capacity, the network device must continue generating audit records if possible (automatically restarting the audit service if necessary), overwriting the oldest audit records in a first-in-first-out manner. (ii) If audit records are sent to a centralized collection server and communication with this server is lost or the server fails, the network device must queue audit records locally until communication is restored or until the audit records are retrieved manually. Upon restoration of the connection to the centralized collection server, action should be taken to synchronize the local audit data with the collection server.

Checks: C-55775r2_chk

Determine if the network device shuts down by default upon audit failure. When availability is an overriding concern, responses described in the vulnerability discussion must be used. These may be verified by demonstration, validated test results, or TTPs. If the network device does not shut down by default upon audit failure or, when availability is an overriding concern, and described responses in the vulnerability discussion are not performed, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60019r2_fix

Configure the network device to shut down by default upon audit failure or, when availability is an overriding concern, perform responses described in the vulnerability discussion.

c

The network device must terminate all network connections associated with a device management session at the end of the session, or the session must be terminated after 10 minutes of inactivity except to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements.

SC-10 - High - CCI-001133 - V-55159 - SV-69405r2_rule

RMF Control

SC-10

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-001133

Version

SRG-APP-000190-NDM-000267

Vuln IDs

V-55159

Rule IDs

SV-69405r2_rule

Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle session will also free up resources committed by the managed network element. Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions includes, for example, de-allocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level, or de-allocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single, operating system-level network connection. This does not mean that the device terminates all sessions or network access; it only ends the inactive session and releases the resources associated with that session.

Checks: C-55779r1_chk

Determine if the network device terminates the connection associated with a device management session at the end of the session or after 10 minutes of inactivity. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device does not terminate the connection associated with a device management session at the end of the session or after 10 minutes of inactivity, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60023r1_fix

Configure the network device to terminate the connection associated with a device management session at the end of the session or after 10 minutes of inactivity.

b

The network device must invalidate session identifiers upon administrator logout or other session termination.

SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001185 - V-55161 - SV-69407r1_rule

RMF Control

SC-23

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001185

Version

SRG-APP-000220-NDM-000268

Vuln IDs

V-55161

Rule IDs

SV-69407r1_rule

Captured sessions can be reused in "replay" attacks. This requirement limits the ability of adversaries to capture and to continue to employ previously valid session IDs. This requirement is applicable to devices that use a web interface for device management. Session IDs are tokens generated by web applications to uniquely identify an application user's session. Applications will make application decisions and execute business logic based on the session ID. Unique session identifiers or IDs are the opposite of sequentially generated session IDs which can be easily guessed by an attacker. Unique session IDs help to reduce predictability of said identifiers. If a device uses a web interface for device management, when an administrator logs out, or when any other session termination event occurs, the device management web application must invalidate the session identifier to minimize the potential for an attacker to hijack that particular management session.

Checks: C-55783r1_chk

If the network device uses a web interface for device management, determine if the network device invalidates session identifiers upon administrator logout or other session termination. This requirement may be verified by validated test results. If the network device does not invalidate session identifiers upon administrator logout or other session termination, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60027r1_fix

Configure the network device to invalidate session identifiers upon administrator logout or other session termination.

b

The network device must recognize only system-generated session identifiers.

SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001664 - V-55163 - SV-69409r1_rule

RMF Control

SC-23

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001664

Version

SRG-APP-000223-NDM-000269

Vuln IDs

V-55163

Rule IDs

SV-69409r1_rule

Network device management web interfaces utilize sessions and session identifiers to control management interface behavior and administrator access. If an attacker can guess the session identifier or can inject or manually insert session information, the session may be compromised. Unique session IDs address man-in-the-middle attacks, including session hijacking or insertion of false information into a session. If the attacker is unable to identify or guess the session information related to pending application traffic, they will have more difficulty in hijacking the session or otherwise manipulating valid sessions.

Checks: C-55785r1_chk

If the network device uses a web interface for device management, determine if it recognizes only system-generated session identifiers. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device recognizes other session identifiers than the system-generated ones, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60029r1_fix

Configure the network device to recognize only system-generated session identifiers.

b

The network device must use internal system clocks to generate time stamps for audit records.

AU-8 - Medium - CCI-000159 - V-55165 - SV-69411r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-8

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000159

Version

SRG-APP-000116-NDM-000234

Vuln IDs

V-55165

Rule IDs

SV-69411r1_rule

In order to determine what is happening within the network infrastructure or to resolve and trace an attack, the network device must support the organization's capability to correlate the audit log data from multiple network devices to acquire a clear understanding of events. In order to correlate auditable events, time stamps are needed on all of the log records. If the internal clock is not used, the system may not be able to provide time stamps for log messages. Additionally, externally generated time stamps may not be accurate. Applications can use the capability of an operating system or purpose-built module for this purpose. (Note that the internal clock is required to be synchronized with authoritative time sources by other requirements.)

Checks: C-55781r1_chk

Determine if the network device uses internal system clocks to generate time stamps for audit records. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration, or validated test results. If the network device does not use internal system clocks to generate time stamps for audit records, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60025r1_fix

Configure the network device to use internal system clocks to generate time stamps for audit records.

b

The network device must generate unique session identifiers using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator.

SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001188 - V-55167 - SV-69413r1_rule

RMF Control

SC-23

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001188

Version

SRG-APP-000224-NDM-000270

Vuln IDs

V-55167

Rule IDs

SV-69413r1_rule

Sequentially generated session IDs can be easily guessed by an attacker. Employing the concept of randomness in the generation of unique session identifiers helps to protect against brute-force attacks to determine future session identifiers. Unique session IDs address man-in-the-middle attacks, including session hijacking or insertion of false information into a session. If the attacker is unable to identify or guess the session information related to pending application traffic, they will have more difficulty in hijacking the session or otherwise manipulating valid sessions. This requirement is applicable to devices that use a web interface for device management.

Checks: C-55787r1_chk

If the network device uses a web interface for device management, determine if it generates unique session identifiers using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator. This requirement may be verified by validated NIST certification and vendor documentation. If the network device does not use unique session identifiers for its web interface for device management, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60031r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate unique session identifiers using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator.

c

The network device must only allow authorized administrators to view or change the device configuration, system files, and other files stored either in the device or on removable media (such as a flash drive).

SC-28 - High - CCI-001199 - V-55171 - SV-69417r3_rule

RMF Control

SC-28

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-001199

Version

SRG-APP-000231-NDM-000271

Vuln IDs

V-55171

Rule IDs

SV-69417r3_rule

This requirement is intended to address the confidentiality and integrity of system information at rest (e.g., network device rule sets) when it is located on a storage device within the network device or as a component of the network device. This protection is required to prevent unauthorized alteration, corruption, or disclosure of information when not stored directly on the network device. Files on the network device or on removable media used by the device must have their permissions set to allow read or write access to those accounts that are specifically authorized to access or change them. Note that different administrative accounts or roles will have varying levels of access. File permissions must be set so that only authorized administrators can read or change their contents. Whenever files are written to removable media and the media removed from the device, the media must be handled appropriately for the classification and sensitivity of the data stored on the device.

Checks: C-55791r2_chk

List the contents of the network device’s local storage, including any drives supporting removable media (such as flash drives or CDs) and check the file permissions of all files on those drives. If any files allow read or write access by accounts not specifically authorized access or by non-privileged accounts, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60035r2_fix

Set the file permissions on files on the network device or on removable media used by the device so that only authorized administrators can read or change their contents.

b

The network device must protect audit information from unauthorized modification.

AU-9 - Medium - CCI-000163 - V-55173 - SV-69419r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000163

Version

SRG-APP-000119-NDM-000236

Vuln IDs

V-55173

Rule IDs

SV-69419r1_rule

Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit network device activity. If audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve. To ensure the veracity of audit data, the network device must protect audit information from unauthorized modification. This requirement can be achieved through multiple methods, which will depend upon system architecture and design. Some commonly employed methods include ensuring log files receive the proper file system permissions and limiting log data locations. Network devices providing a user interface to audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the data and the corresponding rights that the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the modification of audit data.

Checks: C-55793r1_chk

Determine if the network device protects audit information from any type of unauthorized modification with such methods as ensuring log files receive the proper file system permissions, limiting log data locations and leveraging user permissions and roles to identify the user accessing the data and the corresponding rights that the user enjoys. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration, or validated test results. If the network device does not protect audit information from unauthorized modification, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60037r1_fix

Configure the network device to protect audit information from unauthorized modification.

b

The network device or authentication server must never automatically remove or disable emergency administrator accounts.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001682 - V-55175 - SV-69421r4_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001682

Version

SRG-APP-000234-NDM-000272

Vuln IDs

V-55175

Rule IDs

SV-69421r4_rule

Emergency accounts are administrator accounts which are established in response to crisis situations where the need for rapid account activation is required. Therefore, emergency account activation may bypass normal account authorization processes. If these accounts are automatically disabled, system maintenance during emergencies may not be possible, thus adversely affecting system availability. Emergency accounts are different from infrequently used accounts (i.e., local logon accounts used by system administrators when network or normal logon/access is not available). Infrequently used accounts also remain available and are not subject to automatic termination dates. However, an emergency account is normally a different account that is created for use by vendors or system maintainers. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.

Checks: C-55795r6_chk

If the use of emergency administrator accounts is prohibited by the organization, this is not a finding. If the system does not have the capability to remove or disable accounts based on account type or cannot be configured to remove or disable accounts automatically, this is not a finding. Interview site personnel and ask if emergency administrator accounts are allowed to be configured locally on the network device. Review the network device configuration to determine if it is configured to automatically disable or remove emergency administrator accounts. If an emergency administrator account type has been configured to be automatically removed or disabled, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60039r4_fix

Remove the expiration date or other method which is used to automatically disable or remove emergency administrator accounts which are configured on the network device.

b

The network device must protect audit information from unauthorized deletion.

AU-9 - Medium - CCI-000164 - V-55179 - SV-69425r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000164

Version

SRG-APP-000120-NDM-000237

Vuln IDs

V-55179

Rule IDs

SV-69425r1_rule

Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity. If audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve. To ensure the veracity of audit data, the network device must protect audit information from unauthorized deletion. This requirement can be achieved through multiple methods, which will depend upon system architecture and design. Some commonly employed methods include: ensuring log files receive the proper file system permissions utilizing file system protections, restricting access, and backing up log data to ensure log data is retained. Network devices providing a user interface to audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the data and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the deletion of audit data.

Checks: C-55799r1_chk

Determine if the network device protects audit information from any type of unauthorized deletion with such methods as ensuring log files receive the proper file system permissions utilizing file system protections, restricting access to log data and backing up log data to ensure log data is retained, and leveraging user permissions and roles to identify the user accessing the data and the corresponding rights the user enjoys. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration, or validated test results. If the network device does not protect audit information from unauthorized deletion, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60043r1_fix

Configure the network device to protect audit information from unauthorized deletion.

b

The network device must activate a system alert message, send an alarm, and/or automatically shut down when a component failure is detected.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55181 - SV-69427r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000268-NDM-000274

Vuln IDs

V-55181

Rule IDs

SV-69427r1_rule

Predictable failure prevention requires organizational planning to address device failure issues. If components key to maintaining the device's security fail to function, the device could continue operating in an insecure state. If appropriate actions are not taken when a network device failure occurs, a denial of service condition may occur which could result in mission failure since the network would be operating without a critical security monitoring and prevention function. Upon detecting a failure of network device security components, the network device must activate a system alert message, send an alarm, or shut down.

Checks: C-55801r1_chk

Determine if the network device activates a system alert message, sends an alarm, and/or automatically shuts down when a component failure is detected. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device does not activate a system alert message, send an alarm, or automatically shut down when a component failure is detected, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60045r1_fix

Configure the network device to activate a system alert message, send an alarm, and/or automatically shut down when a component failure is detected.

b

The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized access.

AU-9 - Medium - CCI-001493 - V-55183 - SV-69429r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001493

Version

SRG-APP-000121-NDM-000238

Vuln IDs

V-55183

Rule IDs

SV-69429r1_rule

Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data. Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the access to audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.

Checks: C-55803r1_chk

If the network device provides audit tools, check the device to determine if it protects audit tools from unauthorized access. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device does not protect its audit tools from unauthorized access, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60047r1_fix

Configure the network device to protect audit tools from unauthorized access.

b

The network device must generate alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and IAO when accounts are created.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001683 - V-55185 - SV-69431r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001683

Version

SRG-APP-000291-NDM-000275

Vuln IDs

V-55185

Rule IDs

SV-69431r1_rule

Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply create a new account. Notification of account creation is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account management process will ensure an audit trail which documents the creation of accounts and notifies administrators and Information Assurance Officers (IAO). Such a process greatly reduces the risk that accounts will be surreptitiously created and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes.

Checks: C-55805r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and IAO when accounts are created. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device is configured to use an authentication server which would perform this function, this is not a finding. If alerts are not generated when accounts are created and forwarded to the administrators and IAO, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60049r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to send a notification message to the administrators and IAO when accounts are created.

b

The network device must generate alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and ISSO when accounts are modified.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001684 - V-55187 - SV-69433r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001684

Version

SRG-APP-000292-NDM-000276

Vuln IDs

V-55187

Rule IDs

SV-69433r2_rule

Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply modify an existing account. Notification of account modification is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account management process will ensure an audit trail which documents the modification of device administrator accounts and notifies administrators and ISSO. Such a process greatly reduces the risk that accounts will be surreptitiously modified and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. The network device must generate the alert. Notification may be done by a management server. This control applies to locally defined accounts, including the root account and the account of last resort.

Checks: C-55807r2_chk

Determine if the network device generates alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and ISSO when accounts are modified. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If alerts are not generated when accounts are modified and forwarded to the administrators and ISSO, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60051r2_fix

Configure the network device to send a notification message to the administrators and ISSO when accounts are modified.

b

The network device must generate alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and IAO when accounts are disabled.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001685 - V-55189 - SV-69435r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001685

Version

SRG-APP-000293-NDM-000277

Vuln IDs

V-55189

Rule IDs

SV-69435r1_rule

When application accounts are disabled, administrator accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual device administrators or for identifying the device processes themselves. In order to detect and respond to events that affect administrator accessibility and device processing, devices must audit account disabling actions and, as required, notify the appropriate individuals so they can investigate the event. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that device accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and also provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes.

Checks: C-55811r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and IAO when accounts are disabled. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device is configured to use an authentication server which would perform this function, this is not a finding. If alerts are not generated when accounts are disabled and forwarded to the administrators and IAO, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60055r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to send a notification message to the administrators and IAO when accounts are disabled.

b

The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized modification.

AU-9 - Medium - CCI-001494 - V-55191 - SV-69437r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001494

Version

SRG-APP-000122-NDM-000239

Vuln IDs

V-55191

Rule IDs

SV-69437r1_rule

Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data. Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the access to audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.

Checks: C-55809r1_chk

If the network device provides audit tools, check the device to determine if it protects audit tools from unauthorized modification. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device does not protect its audit tools from unauthorized modification, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60053r1_fix

Configure the network device to protect audit tools from unauthorized modification.

b

The network device must generate alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and IAO when accounts are removed.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001686 - V-55193 - SV-69439r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001686

Version

SRG-APP-000294-NDM-000278

Vuln IDs

V-55193

Rule IDs

SV-69439r1_rule

When application accounts are removed, administrator accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual device administrators or for identifying the device processes themselves. In order to detect and respond to events that affect administrator accessibility and device processing, devices must audit account removal actions and, as required, notify the appropriate individuals so they can investigate the event. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that device accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and also provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes.

Checks: C-55813r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates alerts that can be forwarded to the administrators and IAO when accounts are removed. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device is configured to use an authentication server which would perform this function, this is not a finding. If alerts are not generated when accounts are removed and forwarded to the administrators and IAO, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60057r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to send a notification message to the administrators and IAO when accounts are removed.

b

Network devices must provide a logout capability for administrator-initiated communication sessions.

AC-12 - Medium - CCI-002363 - V-55197 - SV-69443r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002363

Version

SRG-APP-000296-NDM-000280

Vuln IDs

V-55197

Rule IDs

SV-69443r1_rule

If an administrator cannot explicitly end a device management session, the session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker; this is referred to as a zombie session.

Checks: C-55817r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if it provides a logout capability for administrator-initiated communication sessions. This requirement may be verified by demonstration. If the network device does not provide a logout capability for these sessions, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60061r1_fix

Configure the network device to provide a logout capability for administrator-initiated communication sessions.

b

The network device must display an explicit logout message to administrators indicating the reliable termination of authenticated communications sessions.

AC-12 - Medium - CCI-002364 - V-55199 - SV-69445r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002364

Version

SRG-APP-000297-NDM-000281

Vuln IDs

V-55199

Rule IDs

SV-69445r2_rule

If an explicit logout message is not displayed and the administrator does not expect to see one, the administrator may inadvertently leave a management session un-terminated. The session may remain open and be exploited by an attacker; this is referred to as a zombie session. Administrators need to be aware of whether or not the session has been terminated. A prompt for new logon is an acceptable indication of previous session termination. If the device takes the user back to the logon page or prompt after selecting the logoff button, it is considered an explicit logout message. In the case of terminal sessions (such as SSH), an explicit logoff message is displayed by the client application. Usually this is a message such as "connect closed by remote host" displayed by the client. For a terminal connected to the console port of a network device, either a logoff message is displayed or the device takes the user back to the logon prompt.

Checks: C-55819r2_chk

This requirement may be verified by demonstration. If an explicit logoff message is not displayed, or provides clear evidence that the session has been terminated, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60063r2_fix

Configure the network device to display an explicit logoff message to administrators indicating the reliable termination of authenticated communications sessions. This may be a capability the device is inherently capable of.

b

The network device must terminate shared/group account credentials when members leave the group.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-002142 - V-55201 - SV-69447r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002142

Version

SRG-APP-000317-NDM-000282

Vuln IDs

V-55201

Rule IDs

SV-69447r1_rule

A shared/group account credential is a shared form of authentication that allows multiple individuals to access the network device using a single account. If shared/group account credentials are not terminated when individuals leave the group, the user that left the group can still gain access even though they are no longer authorized. There may also be instances when specific user actions need to be performed on the network device without unique administrator identification or authentication. Examples of credentials include passwords and group membership certificates.

Checks: C-55821r1_chk

Determine if the network device terminates shared/group account credentials when members leave the group. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. This requirement is not applicable if the device does not support shared/group credentials. If the network device does not terminate shared/group credentials when members leave the group, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60065r1_fix

Configure the network device to terminate shared/group account credentials when members leave the group.

b

The network device must automatically audit account enabling actions.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-002130 - V-55203 - SV-69449r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002130

Version

SRG-APP-000319-NDM-000283

Vuln IDs

V-55203

Rule IDs

SV-69449r1_rule

Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply enable a new or disabled account. Notification of account enabling is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account management process will ensure an audit trail which documents the creation of application user accounts and notifies administrators and Information Assurance Officers (IAO). Such a process greatly reduces the risk that accounts will be surreptitiously created and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes.

Checks: C-55823r1_chk

Determine if the network device automatically audits account enabling actions. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If account enabling actions are not automatically audited, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60067r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to automatically audit account enabling actions.

b

The network device must protect audit tools from unauthorized deletion.

AU-9 - Medium - CCI-001495 - V-55205 - SV-69451r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001495

Version

SRG-APP-000123-NDM-000240

Vuln IDs

V-55205

Rule IDs

SV-69451r1_rule

Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operations on audit data. Network devices providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the access to audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.

Checks: C-55825r1_chk

If the network device provides audit tools, check to see that the network device protects audit tools from unauthorized deletion. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device does not protect its audit tools from unauthorized deletion, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60069r1_fix

Configure the network device to protect audit tools from unauthorized deletion.

b

The network device must notify System Administrators (SAs) and Information System Security Officers (ISSMs) when accounts are created, or enabled when previously disabled.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-002132 - V-55207 - SV-69453r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002132

Version

SRG-APP-000320-NDM-000284

Vuln IDs

V-55207

Rule IDs

SV-69453r2_rule

Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply enable a new or disabled account. Notification of account enabling is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account management process will ensure an audit trail which documents the creation of application user accounts and notifies SAs and ISSMs. Such a process greatly reduces the risk that accounts will be surreptitiously enabled and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. In order to detect and respond to events that affect network administrator accessibility and device processing, network devices must audit account enabling actions and, as required, notify the appropriate individuals so they can investigate the event.

Checks: C-55827r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates an immediate alert for account enabling actions. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If the network device does not generate an immediate alert for account enabling actions, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60071r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to generate an immediate alert for account enabling actions.

b

The network device must back up audit records at least every seven days onto a different system or system component than the system or component being audited.

AU-9 - Medium - CCI-001348 - V-55209 - SV-69455r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001348

Version

SRG-APP-000125-NDM-000241

Vuln IDs

V-55209

Rule IDs

SV-69455r1_rule

Protection of log data includes assuring log data is not accidentally lost or deleted. Regularly backing up audit records to a different system or onto separate media than the system being audited helps to assure, in the event of a catastrophic system failure, the audit records will be retained. This helps to ensure a compromise of the information system being audited does not also result in a compromise of the audit records.

Checks: C-55831r1_chk

Determine if the network device backs up audit records at least every seven days onto a different system or system component than the system or component being audited. This requirement may be verified by configuration review. This requirement can be met by use of a syslog/audit log server if the device is configured to send logs to that server. Backup requirements would be levied on the target server but are not a part of this check. If the network device does not back up audit records at least every seven days onto a different system or system component than the system or component being audited, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60075r1_fix

Configure the network device to back up audit records at least every seven days onto a different system or system component than the system or component being audited.

b

The network device must be compliant with at least one IETF Internet standard authentication protocol.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55211 - SV-69457r2_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000325-NDM-000285

Vuln IDs

V-55211

Rule IDs

SV-69457r2_rule

Protecting access authorization information (i.e., access control decisions) ensures that authorization information cannot be altered, spoofed, or otherwise compromised during transmission. In distributed information systems, authorization processes and access control decisions may occur in separate parts of the systems. In such instances, authorization information is transmitted securely so timely access control decisions can be enforced at the appropriate locations. To support the access control decisions, it may be necessary to transmit, as part of the access authorization information, supporting security attributes. This is because, in distributed information systems, there are various access control decisions that need to be made, and different entities (e.g., services) make these decisions in a serial fashion, each requiring some security attributes to make the decisions. The network device must be compliant with at least one IETF standard authentication protocol such as Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS), Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), and Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus (TACACS+). Protocols that are clearly defined in IETF RFC Internet standards (a.k.a. full standards), and are capable of securely conveying authorization information, are suitable for use.

Checks: C-55829r2_chk

Review the device configuration to determine if it uses an IETF Internet standard authentication protocol. Examples include RADIUS, EAP, LDAP, and TACACS+. If it is not configured to use an IETF Internet standard authentication protocol, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60073r2_fix

Configure the network device to use an IETF Internet standard authentication protocol.

b

The network device must use cryptographic mechanisms to protect the integrity of audit information at rest.

AU-9 - Medium - CCI-001350 - V-55213 - SV-69459r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-9

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001350

Version

SRG-APP-000126-NDM-000242

Vuln IDs

V-55213

Rule IDs

SV-69459r1_rule

Audit records may be tampered with. If the integrity of audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve. Protection of audit records and audit data, including audit configuration settings, is of critical importance. Cryptographic mechanisms are the industry-established standard used to protect the integrity of audit data. An example of a cryptographic mechanism is the computation and application of a cryptographic-signed hash using asymmetric cryptography. This requirement is not intended to cause a new cryptographic hash to be generated every time a record is added to a log file.

Checks: C-55833r1_chk

Determine if the network device uses cryptographic mechanisms to protect the integrity of audit information. This requirement may be verified by configuration review or validated test results. If the network device does not use cryptographic mechanisms to protect the integrity of audit information, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60077r1_fix

Configure the network device to use cryptographic mechanisms to protect the integrity of audit information.

b

If the network device uses discretionary access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined discretionary access control policies over defined subjects and objects.

AC-3 - Medium - CCI-002165 - V-55215 - SV-69461r1_rule

RMF Control

AC-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002165

Version

SRG-APP-000328-NDM-000286

Vuln IDs

V-55215

Rule IDs

SV-69461r1_rule

Discretionary Access Control (DAC) is based on the notion that individual network administrators are "owners" of objects and therefore have discretion over who should be authorized to access the object and in which mode (e.g., read or write). Ownership is usually acquired as a consequence of creating the object or via specified ownership assignment. DAC allows the owner to determine who will have access to objects they control. An example of DAC includes user-controlled file permissions. When discretionary access control policies are implemented, subjects are not constrained with regard to what actions they can take with information for which they have already been granted access. Thus, subjects that have been granted access to information are not prevented from passing (i.e., the subjects have the discretion to pass) the information to other subjects or objects. A subject that is constrained in its operation by Mandatory Access Control policies is still able to operate under the less rigorous constraints of this requirement. Thus, while Mandatory Access Control imposes constraints preventing a subject from passing information to another subject operating at a different sensitivity level, this requirement permits the subject to pass the information to any subject at the same sensitivity level. The policy is bounded by the information system boundary. Once the information is passed outside of the control of the information system, additional means may be required to ensure the constraints remain in effect. While the older, more traditional definitions of discretionary access control require identity-based access control, that limitation is not required for this use of discretionary access control. The discretionary access control policies and the subjects and objects are defined uniquely for each network device, so they cannot be specified in the requirement.

Checks: C-55835r1_chk

Check the network device to determine if organization-defined discretionary access control policies are enforced over defined subjects and objects. If it does not use discretionary access control, this is not a finding. If organization-defined discretionary access control policies are not enforced over defined subjects and objects, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60079r1_fix

Configure the network device to enforce organization-defined discretionary access control policies over defined subjects and objects.

b

If the network device uses role-based access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined role-based access control policies over defined subjects and objects.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55217 - SV-69463r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000329-NDM-000287

Vuln IDs

V-55217

Rule IDs

SV-69463r1_rule

Organizations can create specific roles based on job functions and the authorizations (i.e., privileges) to perform needed operations on organizational information systems associated with the organization-defined roles. When administrators are assigned to the organizational roles, they inherit the authorizations or privileges defined for those roles. RBAC simplifies privilege administration for organizations because privileges are not assigned directly to every administrator (which can be a significant number of individuals for mid- to large-size organizations) but are instead acquired through role assignments. RBAC can be implemented either as a mandatory or discretionary form of access control. The RBAC policies and the subjects and objects are defined uniquely for each network device, so they cannot be specified in the requirement.

Checks: C-55837r1_chk

Determine if the network device enforces role-based access control policy over defined subjects and objects. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If role-based access control policy is not enforced over defined subjects and objects, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60081r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to enforce role-based access control policy over defined subjects and objects.

b

The network device must prevent the installation of patches, service packs, or application components without verification the software component has been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization.

CM-5 - Medium - CCI-001749 - V-55219 - SV-69465r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001749

Version

SRG-APP-000131-NDM-000243

Vuln IDs

V-55219

Rule IDs

SV-69465r1_rule

Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the network device. Verifying software components have been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization ensures the software has not been tampered with and has been provided by a trusted vendor. Accordingly, patches, service packs, or application components must be signed with a certificate recognized and approved by the organization. Verifying the authenticity of the software prior to installation validates the integrity of the patch or upgrade received from a vendor. This ensures the software has not been tampered with and has been provided by a trusted vendor. Self-signed certificates are disallowed by this requirement. The device should not have to verify the software again. This requirement does not mandate DoD certificates for this purpose; however, the certificate used to verify the software must be from an approved CA.

Checks: C-55839r1_chk

Determine if the network device prevents the installation of patches, service packs, or application components without verification the software component has been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device does not prevent the installation of patches, service packs, or application components without verification the software component has been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60083r1_fix

Configure the network device to prevent the installation of patches, service packs, or application components without verification the software component has been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization.

c

The network device must prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions to include disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security safeguards/countermeasures.

AC-6 - High - CCI-002235 - V-55221 - SV-69467r2_rule

RMF Control

AC-6

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-002235

Version

SRG-APP-000340-NDM-000288

Vuln IDs

V-55221

Rule IDs

SV-69467r2_rule

Preventing non-privileged users from executing privileged functions mitigates the risk that unauthorized individuals or processes may gain unnecessary access to information or privileges. Privileged functions include, for example, establishing accounts, performing system integrity checks, or administering cryptographic key management activities. Non-privileged users are individuals that do not possess appropriate authorizations.

Checks: C-55841r1_chk

Determine if the network device prevents non-privileged users from executing privileged functions to include disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security safeguards/countermeasures. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. If the network device does not prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60085r1_fix

Configure the network device to prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions.

b

The network device must be configured to synchronize internal information system clocks using redundant authoritative time sources.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55231 - SV-69477r2_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000373-NDM-000298

Vuln IDs

V-55231

Rule IDs

SV-69477r2_rule

The loss of connectivity to a particular authoritative time source will result in the loss of time synchronization (free-run mode) and increasingly inaccurate time stamps on audit events and other functions. Multiple time sources provide redundancy by including a secondary source. Time synchronization is usually a hierarchy; clients synchronize time to a local source while that source synchronizes its time to a more accurate source. The network device must utilize an authoritative time server and/or be configured to use redundant authoritative time sources. This requirement is related to the comparison done in CCI-001891. DoD-approved solutions consist of a combination of a primary and secondary time source using a combination or multiple instances of the following: a time server designated for the appropriate DoD network (NIPRNet/SIPRNet); United States Naval Observatory (USNO) time servers; and/or the Global Positioning System (GPS). The secondary time source must be located in a different geographic region than the primary time source.

Checks: C-55851r2_chk

Determine if the network device is configured to synchronize internal information system clocks with the primary and secondary time sources. If the network device is not configured to synchronize internal information system clocks with the primary and secondary time sources, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60095r2_fix

Configure the network device to synchronize internal information system clocks with the primary and secondary time sources.

b

The network device must record time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

AU-8 - Medium - CCI-001890 - V-55233 - SV-69479r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-8

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001890

Version

SRG-APP-000374-NDM-000299

Vuln IDs

V-55233

Rule IDs

SV-69479r1_rule

If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis. Time stamps generated by the application include date and time. Time is commonly expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a modern continuation of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or local time with an offset from UTC.

Checks: C-55853r1_chk

Determine if the network device records time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If the network device does not record time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), this is a finding.

Fix: F-60097r1_fix

Configure the network device to record time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

b

The network device must record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision.

AU-8 - Medium - CCI-001889 - V-55235 - SV-69481r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-8

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001889

Version

SRG-APP-000375-NDM-000300

Vuln IDs

V-55235

Rule IDs

SV-69481r1_rule

Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records. Time stamps generated by the application include date and time. Granularity of time measurements refers to the degree of synchronization between information system clocks and reference clocks.

Checks: C-55855r1_chk

Determine if the network device records time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration. If the network device does not record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60099r1_fix

Configure the network device to record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision.

b

The network device must generate an alert that will then be sent to the ISSO, ISSM, and other designated personnel (deemed appropriate by the local organization) when the unauthorized installation of software is detected.

CM-11 - Medium - CCI-001811 - V-55237 - SV-69483r2_rule

RMF Control

CM-11

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001811

Version

SRG-APP-000377-NDM-000301

Vuln IDs

V-55237

Rule IDs

SV-69483r2_rule

Unauthorized software not only increases risk by increasing the number of potential vulnerabilities, it also can contain malicious code. Sending an alert (in real time) when unauthorized software is detected allows designated personnel to take action on the installation of unauthorized software. Note that while the device must generate the alert, the notification may be done by a management server.

Checks: C-55857r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates an alert when the unauthorized installation of software is detected. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. The management/audit server that the network device sends alerts to would typically perform the function of sending these alerts to specific individuals. If the network device does not generate an alert when the unauthorized installation of software is detected, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60101r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate an alert when the unauthorized installation of software is detected.

b

The network device must prohibit installation of software without explicit privileged status.

CM-11 - Medium - CCI-001812 - V-55239 - SV-69485r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-11

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001812

Version

SRG-APP-000378-NDM-000302

Vuln IDs

V-55239

Rule IDs

SV-69485r1_rule

Allowing anyone to install software, without explicit privileges, creates the risk that untested or potentially malicious software will be installed on the system. This requirement applies to code changes and upgrades for all network devices.

Checks: C-55859r1_chk

Determine if the network device prohibits installation of software without explicit privileged status. This requirement may be verified by demonstration or configuration review. If installation of software is not prohibited without explicit privileged status, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60103r1_fix

Configure the network device to prohibit installation of software without explicit privileged status.

b

The network device must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration.

CM-5 - Medium - CCI-001813 - V-55243 - SV-69489r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001813

Version

SRG-APP-000380-NDM-000304

Vuln IDs

V-55243

Rule IDs

SV-69489r1_rule

Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system. When dealing with access restrictions pertaining to change control, it should be noted that any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the device can potentially have significant effects on the overall security of the device. Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed to obtain access to device components for the purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications. Logical access restrictions include, for example, controls that restrict access to workflow automation, media libraries, abstract layers (e.g., changes implemented into third-party interfaces rather than directly into information systems), and change windows (e.g., changes occur only during specified times, making unauthorized changes easy to discover).

Checks: C-55863r1_chk

Determine if the network device enforces access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration. If the network device does not enforce such access restrictions, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60107r1_fix

Configure the network device to enforce access restrictions associated with changes to device configuration.

b

The network device must audit the enforcement actions used to restrict access associated with changes to the device.

CM-5 - Medium - CCI-001814 - V-55245 - SV-69491r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001814

Version

SRG-APP-000381-NDM-000305

Vuln IDs

V-55245

Rule IDs

SV-69491r1_rule

Without auditing the enforcement of access restrictions against changes to the device configuration, it will be difficult to identify attempted attacks, and an audit trail will not be available for forensic investigation for after-the-fact actions. Enforcement actions are the methods or mechanisms used to prevent unauthorized changes to configuration settings. Enforcement action methods may be as simple as denying access to a file based on the application of file permissions (access restriction). Audit items may consist of lists of actions blocked by access restrictions or changes identified after the fact.

Checks: C-55865r1_chk

Determine if the network device audits the enforcement actions used to restrict access associated with changes to the device. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review or validated test results. If the network device does not audit the enforcement actions used to restrict access associated with changes to the device, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60109r1_fix

Configure the network device to audit the enforcement actions used to restrict access associated with changes to the device.

b

The network device must require users to re-authenticate when privilege escalation or role changes occur.

IA-11 - Medium - CCI-002038 - V-55247 - SV-69493r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-11

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002038

Version

SRG-APP-000389-NDM-000306

Vuln IDs

V-55247

Rule IDs

SV-69493r1_rule

Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization. When devices provide the capability to change security roles, it is critical the user re-authenticate. In addition to the re-authentication requirements associated with session locks, organizations may require re-authentication of individuals and/or devices in other situations, including (but not limited to) the following circumstances. (i) When authenticators change; (ii) When roles change; (iii) When security categories of information systems change; (iv) When the execution of privileged functions occurs; (v) After a fixed period of time; or (vi) Periodically. Within the DoD, the minimum circumstances requiring re-authentication are privilege escalation and role changes.

Checks: C-55867r1_chk

Determine if the network device requires users to re-authenticate when privilege escalation or role changes occur. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If users are not required to re-authenticate when privilege escalation or role changes occur, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60111r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to require users to re-authenticate when privilege escalation or role changes occur.

b

The network device must accept Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials.

IA-2 - Medium - CCI-001953 - V-55251 - SV-69497r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001953

Version

SRG-APP-000391-NDM-000308

Vuln IDs

V-55251

Rule IDs

SV-69497r1_rule

The use of PIV credentials facilitates standardization and reduces the risk of unauthorized access. DoD has mandated the use of the CAC to support identity management and personal authentication for systems covered under HSPD 12, as well as a primary component of layered protection for national security systems.

Checks: C-55871r1_chk

Determine if the network device accepts PIV credentials. This requirement may be verified by demonstration. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If the network device does not accept PIV credentials, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60115r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to accept PIV credentials.

b

The network device must electronically verify Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials.

IA-2 - Medium - CCI-001954 - V-55253 - SV-69499r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001954

Version

SRG-APP-000392-NDM-000309

Vuln IDs

V-55253

Rule IDs

SV-69499r1_rule

The use of PIV credentials facilitates standardization and reduces the risk of unauthorized access. DoD has mandated the use of the CAC to support identity management and personal authentication for systems covered under HSPD 12, as well as a primary component of layered protection for national security systems.

Checks: C-55873r1_chk

Determine if the network device electronically verifies PIV credentials. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If the network device does not electronically verify PIV credentials, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60117r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to electronically verify PIV credentials.

b

The Cisco router must be configured to authenticate SNMP messages using a FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC).

IA-3 - Medium - CCI-001967 - V-55255 - SV-69501r3_rule

RMF Control

IA-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001967

Version

SRG-APP-000395-NDM-000310

Vuln IDs

V-55255

Rule IDs

SV-69501r3_rule

Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate the identity of other devices for connections that are of greater risk. A local connection is any connection with a device communicating without the use of a network. A network connection is any connection with a device that communicates through a network (e.g., local area or wide area network, Internet). A remote connection is any connection with a device communicating through an external network (e.g., the Internet). Because of the challenges of applying this requirement on a large scale, organizations are encouraged to only apply the requirement to those limited number (and type) of devices that truly need to support this capability.

Checks: C-55875r3_chk

Review the network device configuration to verify SNMP messages are authenticated using a FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC). If the network device is not configured to authenticate SNMP messages using a FIPS-validated HMAC, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60119r3_fix

Configure the network device to authenticate SNMP messages using a FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC).

b

The network device must dynamically manage identifiers.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55257 - SV-69503r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000396-NDM-000311

Vuln IDs

V-55257

Rule IDs

SV-69503r1_rule

Dynamic identifier management prevents disruption of operations by minimizing the need for system restarts. Dynamic establishment of new identifiers will occur while the system is operational. New identifiers or changes to existing identifiers must take effect without the need for a system or session restart. Preestablished trust relationships and mechanisms with appropriate authorities (e.g., Active Directory or authentication server) which validate each identifier are essential to prevent unauthorized access by changed or revoked accounts.

Checks: C-55877r1_chk

Determine if the network device dynamically manages identifiers. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If identifiers are not dynamically managed, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60121r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to dynamically manage identifiers.

b

The network device must allow the use of a temporary password for system logons with an immediate change to a permanent password.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-002041 - V-55259 - SV-69505r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002041

Version

SRG-APP-000397-NDM-000312

Vuln IDs

V-55259

Rule IDs

SV-69505r1_rule

Without providing this capability, an account may be created without a password. Non-repudiation cannot be guaranteed once an account is created if a user is not forced to change the temporary password upon initial login. Temporary passwords are typically used to allow access to applications when new accounts are created or passwords are changed. It is common practice for administrators to create temporary passwords for user accounts that allow the users to log in yet force them to change the password once they have successfully authenticated.

Checks: C-55879r1_chk

Determine if the network device allows the use of a temporary password for system logons with an immediate change to a permanent password. This requirement may be verified by demonstration, configuration review, or validated test results. This requirement may be met through use of a properly configured authentication server if the device is configured to use the authentication server. If the use of a temporary password for system logons with an immediate change to a permanent password is not allowed, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60123r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to allow the use of a temporary password for system logons with an immediate change to a permanent password.

b

The network device must prohibit the use of cached authenticators after an organization-defined time period.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-002007 - V-55261 - SV-69507r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002007

Version

SRG-APP-000400-NDM-000313

Vuln IDs

V-55261

Rule IDs

SV-69507r1_rule

Some authentication implementations can be configured to use cached authenticators. If cached authentication information is out-of-date, the validity of the authentication information may be questionable. The organization-defined time period should be established for each device depending on the nature of the device; for example, a device with just a few administrators in a facility with spotty network connectivity may merit a longer caching time period than a device with many administrators.

Checks: C-55881r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if the network device or its associated authentication server prohibits the use of cached authenticators after an organization-defined time period. If cached authenticators are used after an organization-defined time period, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60125r1_fix

Configure the network device or its associated authentication server to prohibit the use of cached authenticators after an organization-defined time period.

b

Network devices performing maintenance functions must restrict use of these functions to authorized personnel only.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55263 - SV-69509r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000408-NDM-000314

Vuln IDs

V-55263

Rule IDs

SV-69509r1_rule

There are security-related issues arising from software brought into the network device specifically for diagnostic and repair actions (e.g., a software packet sniffer installed on a device in order to troubleshoot system traffic, or a vendor installing or running a diagnostic application in order to troubleshoot an issue with a vendor-supported device). If maintenance tools are used by unauthorized personnel, they may accidentally or intentionally damage or compromise the system. This requirement addresses security-related issues associated with maintenance tools used specifically for diagnostic and repair actions on organizational network devices. Maintenance tools can include hardware, software, and firmware items. Maintenance tools are potential vehicles for transporting malicious code, either intentionally or unintentionally, into a facility and subsequently into organizational information systems. Maintenance tools can include, for example, hardware/software diagnostic test equipment and hardware/software packet sniffers. This requirement does not cover hardware/software components that may support information system maintenance yet are a part of the system (e.g., the software implementing "ping," "ls," "ipconfig," or the hardware and software implementing the monitoring port of an Ethernet switch).

Checks: C-55883r1_chk

Determine if the network device restricts the use of maintenance functions to authorized personnel only. If other personnel can use maintenance functions on the network device, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60127r1_fix

Configure the network device to restrict use of maintenance functions to authorized personnel only.

c

The network devices must use FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) to protect the integrity of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic communications.

MA-4 - High - CCI-002890 - V-55265 - SV-69511r3_rule

RMF Control

MA-4

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-002890

Version

SRG-APP-000411-NDM-000330

Vuln IDs

V-55265

Rule IDs

SV-69511r3_rule

Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not verified and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised. Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network (e.g., the Internet) or an internal network. Currently, HMAC is the only FIPS-approved algorithm for generating and verifying message/data authentication codes in accordance with FIPS 198-1. Products that are FIPS 140-2 validated will have an HMAC that meets specification; however, the option must be configured for use as the only message authentication code used for authentication to cryptographic modules. Separate requirements for configuring applications and protocols used by each application (e.g., SNMPv3, SSHv2, NTP, HTTPS, and other protocols and applications that require server/client authentication) are required to implement this requirement. Where SSH is used, the SSHv2 protocol suite is required because it includes Layer 7 protocols such as SCP and SFTP, which can be used for secure file transfers.

Checks: C-55885r2_chk

Verify the network device uses FIPS-validated HMAC to protect the integrity of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic communications. If the network device does not use FIPS-validated HMAC to protect the integrity of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic communications, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60129r2_fix

Configure the network device to use FIPS-validated HMAC to protect the integrity of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic communications.

c

The network device must be configured to implement cryptographic mechanisms using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm to protect the confidentiality of remote maintenance sessions

MA-4 - High - CCI-003123 - V-55267 - SV-69513r3_rule

RMF Control

MA-4

Severity

H

CCI

CCI-003123

Version

SRG-APP-000412-NDM-000331

Vuln IDs

V-55267

Rule IDs

SV-69513r3_rule

This requires the use of secure protocols instead of their unsecured counterparts, such as SSH instead of telnet, SCP instead of FTP, and HTTPS instead of HTTP. If unsecured protocols (lacking cryptographic mechanisms) are used for sessions, the contents of those sessions will be susceptible to eavesdropping, potentially putting sensitive data (including administrator passwords) at risk of compromise and potentially allowing hijacking of maintenance sessions.

Checks: C-55887r2_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if cryptographic mechanisms are implemented using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm to protect the confidentiality of remote maintenance sessions If the network device is not configured to implement cryptographic mechanisms to protect the confidentiality of remote maintenance sessions using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60131r2_fix

Configure the network device to implement cryptographic mechanisms to protect the confidentiality of remote maintenance sessions using a FIPS 140-2 approved algorithm.

b

The network device must be configured to protect against known types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards.

SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-55269 - SV-69515r2_rule

RMF Control

SC-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002385

Version

SRG-APP-000435-NDM-000315

Vuln IDs

V-55269

Rule IDs

SV-69515r2_rule

DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity. This requirement addresses the configuration of network devices to mitigate the impact of DoS attacks that have occurred or are ongoing on device availability. For each network device, known and potential DoS attacks must be identified and solutions for each type implemented. A variety of technologies exist to limit or, in some cases, eliminate the effects of DoS attacks (e.g., limiting processes or restricting the number of sessions the device opens at one time). Employing increased capacity and bandwidth, combined with service redundancy, may reduce the susceptibility to some DoS attacks. The security safeguards cannot be defined at the DoD level because they vary according to the capabilities of the individual network devices and the security controls applied on the adjacent networks (for example, firewalls performing packet filtering to block DoS attacks).

Checks: C-55889r1_chk

Determine if the network device protects against or limits the effects of all known types of DoS attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards. If the network device does not protect against or limit the effects of all known types of DoS attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60133r1_fix

Configure the network device to protect against or limit the effects of all known types of DoS attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards.

b

If the network device uses mandatory access control, the network device must enforce organization-defined mandatory access control policies over all subjects and objects.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55271 - SV-69517r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000491-NDM-000316

Vuln IDs

V-55271

Rule IDs

SV-69517r1_rule

Mandatory access control policies constrain what actions subjects can take with information obtained from data objects for which they have already been granted access, thus preventing the subjects from passing the information to unauthorized subjects and objects. This class of mandatory access control policies also constrains what actions subjects can take with respect to the propagation of access control privileges; that is, a subject with a privilege cannot pass that privilege to other subjects. Enforcement of mandatory access control is typically provided via an implementation that meets the reference monitor concept. The reference monitor enforces (mediates) access relationships between all subjects and objects based on privilege and need to know. The mandatory access control policies are defined uniquely for each network device, so they cannot be specified in the requirement. An example of where mandatory access control may be needed is to prevent administrators from tampering with audit objects.

Checks: C-55891r1_chk

Check the network device to determine if organization-defined mandatory access control policies are enforced over all subjects and objects. If it does not use mandatory access control, this is not a finding. If organization-defined mandatory access control policies are not enforced over all subjects and objects, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60135r1_fix

Configure the network device to enforce organization-defined mandatory access control policies over all subjects and objects.

b

The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify administrator privileges occur.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000172 - V-55273 - SV-69519r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000172

Version

SRG-APP-000495-NDM-000318

Vuln IDs

V-55273

Rule IDs

SV-69519r1_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g., module or policy filter).

Checks: C-55893r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify administrator privileges occur. If the network device does not generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify administrator privileges occur, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60137r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify administrator privileges occur.

b

The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete administrator privileges occur.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000172 - V-55275 - SV-69521r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000172

Version

SRG-APP-000499-NDM-000319

Vuln IDs

V-55275

Rule IDs

SV-69521r1_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g., module or policy filter).

Checks: C-55895r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete administrator privileges occur. If the network device does not generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete administrator privileges occur, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60139r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete administrator privileges occur.

b

The network device must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000172 - V-55277 - SV-69523r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000172

Version

SRG-APP-000503-NDM-000320

Vuln IDs

V-55277

Rule IDs

SV-69523r1_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g., module or policy filter).

Checks: C-55897r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur. If it does not generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60141r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur.

b

The network device must generate audit records for privileged activities or other system-level access.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000172 - V-55279 - SV-69525r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000172

Version

SRG-APP-000504-NDM-000321

Vuln IDs

V-55279

Rule IDs

SV-69525r1_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g., module or policy filter).

Checks: C-55899r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records for privileged activities or other system-level access. If the network device does not generate audit records for privileged activities or other system-level access, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60143r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records for privileged activities or other system-level access.

b

The network device must generate audit records showing starting and ending time for administrator access to the system.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000172 - V-55281 - SV-69527r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000172

Version

SRG-APP-000505-NDM-000322

Vuln IDs

V-55281

Rule IDs

SV-69527r1_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g., module or policy filter).

Checks: C-55901r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records showing starting and ending time for administrator access to the system. If the network device does not generate audit records showing starting and ending time for administrator access to the system, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60145r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records showing starting and ending time for administrator access to the system.

b

The network device must generate audit records when concurrent logons from different workstations occur.

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000172 - V-55283 - SV-69529r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000172

Version

SRG-APP-000506-NDM-000323

Vuln IDs

V-55283

Rule IDs

SV-69529r1_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the network device (e.g., module or policy filter).

Checks: C-55903r1_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit records when concurrent logons from different workstations occur. If the network device does not generate audit records when concurrent logons from different workstations occur, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60147r1_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit records when concurrent logons from different workstations occur.

b

The network device must off-load audit records onto a different system or media than the system being audited.

AU-4 - Medium - CCI-001851 - V-55287 - SV-69533r1_rule

RMF Control

AU-4

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001851

Version

SRG-APP-000515-NDM-000325

Vuln IDs

V-55287

Rule IDs

SV-69533r1_rule

Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity.

Checks: C-55907r1_chk

Check the network device configuration to determine if the device off-loads audit records onto a different system or media than the system being audited. If the device does not off-load audit records onto a different system or media, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60151r1_fix

Configure the network device to off-load audit records onto a different system or media than the system being audited.

b

The network device must notify the administrator of the number of successful login attempts occurring during an organization-defined time period.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55291 - SV-69537r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000332

Vuln IDs

V-55291

Rule IDs

SV-69537r1_rule

Administrators need to be aware of activity that occurs regarding their network device management account. Providing administrators with information regarding the date and time of their last successful login allows the administrator to determine if any unauthorized activity has occurred. This incorporates all methods of login including, but not limited to, SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, and physical connectivity. The organization-defined time period is dependent on the frequency with which administrators typically log in to the network device.

Checks: C-55911r1_chk

Determine if the network device notifies the administrator of the number of successful login attempts occurring during an organization-defined time period. This can be accomplished by connecting to the network device and noting if the number of successful login attempts is displayed. If the administrator is not notified of the number of successful login attempts occurring during an organization-defined time period, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60155r1_fix

Configure the network device to notify the administrator of the number of successful login attempts occurring during an organization-defined time period.

b

The network device must use automated mechanisms to alert security personnel to threats identified by authoritative sources (e.g. CTOs) and IAW with CJCSM 6510.01B.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55293 - SV-69539r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000333

Vuln IDs

V-55293

Rule IDs

SV-69539r1_rule

By immediately displaying an alarm message, potential security violations can be identified more quickly even when administrators are not logged into the network device. An example of a mechanism to facilitate this would be through the utilization of SNMP traps.

Checks: C-55913r1_chk

Determine if the network device uses automated mechanisms to alert security personnel to threats identified by authoritative sources (e.g. CTOs) and IAW with CJCSM 6510.01B. If the network device does not use automated mechanisms to alert security personnel to threats identified by authoritative sources (e.g. CTOs) and IAW with CJCSM 6510.01B, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60157r1_fix

Configure the network device to use automated mechanisms to alert security personnel to threats identified by authoritative sources (e.g. CTOs) and IAW with CJCSM 6510.01B.

b

The network device must generate log records for a locally developed list of auditable events

AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000169 - V-55295 - SV-69541r3_rule

RMF Control

AU-12

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000169

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000334

Vuln IDs

V-55295

Rule IDs

SV-69541r3_rule

Auditing and logging are key components of any security architecture. Logging the actions of specific events provides a means to investigate an attack; to recognize resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or to identify an improperly configured network device. If auditing is not comprehensive, it will not be useful for intrusion monitoring, security investigations, and forensic analysis.

Checks: C-55915r2_chk

Determine if the network device generates audit log events for a locally developed list of auditable events. If the network device is not configured to generate audit log events for a locally developed list of auditable events, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60159r3_fix

Configure the network device to generate audit log events for a locally developed list of auditable events.

b

The network device must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the system components.

CM-5 - Medium - CCI-000345 - V-55297 - SV-69543r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000345

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000335

Vuln IDs

V-55297

Rule IDs

SV-69543r1_rule

Changes to the hardware or software components of the network device can have significant effects on the overall security of the network. Therefore, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed administrative access to the network device for implementing any changes or upgrades. This requirement applies to updates of the application files, configuration, ACLs, and policy filters.

Checks: C-55917r1_chk

Check the network device to determine if only authorized administrators have permissions for changes, deletions and updates on the network device. Inspect the maintenance log to verify changes are being made only by the system administrators. If unauthorized users are allowed to change the hardware or software, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60161r1_fix

Configure the network device to enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the system components.

b

The network device must be configured to use an authentication server for the purpose of authenticating users prior to granting administrative access.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55299 - SV-69545r4_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000336

Vuln IDs

V-55299

Rule IDs

SV-69545r4_rule

Centralized management of authentication settings increases the security of remote and nonlocal access methods. This control is particularly important protection against the insider threat. With robust centralized management, audit records for administrator account access to the organization's network devices can be more readily analyzed for trends and anomalies. The alternative method of defining administrator accounts on each device exposes the device configuration to remote access authentication attacks and system administrators with multiple authenticators for each network device.

Checks: C-55919r5_chk

Review the network device configuration to verify the device is configured to use an authentication server as primary source for authentication.

Fix: F-60163r4_fix

Configure the network device to use an authentication server as the primary source for authentication.

b

The network device must employ automated mechanisms to centrally apply authentication settings.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55301 - SV-69547r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000337

Vuln IDs

V-55301

Rule IDs

SV-69547r1_rule

The use of authentication servers or other centralized management servers for providing centralized authentication services is required for network device management. Maintaining local administrator accounts for daily usage on each network device without centralized management is not scalable or feasible. Without centralized management, it is likely that credentials for some network devices will be forgotten, leading to delays in administration, which itself leads to delays in remediating production problems and in addressing compromises in a timely fashion.

Checks: C-55921r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if it employs automated mechanisms to centrally apply authentication settings. If authentication settings are not applied centrally using automated mechanisms, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60165r1_fix

Configure the network device to employ automated mechanisms to centrally apply authentication settings.

b

The network device must employ automated mechanisms to centrally verify authentication settings.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55303 - SV-69549r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000338

Vuln IDs

V-55303

Rule IDs

SV-69549r1_rule

The use of authentication servers or other centralized management servers for providing centralized authentication services is required for network device management. Maintaining local administrator accounts for daily usage on each network device without centralized management is not scalable or feasible. Without centralized management, it is likely that credentials for some network devices will be forgotten, leading to delays in administration, which itself leads to delays in remediating production problems and in addressing compromises in a timely fashion.

Checks: C-55923r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if it employs automated mechanisms to centrally verify authentication settings. If authentication settings are not verified centrally using automated mechanisms, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60167r1_fix

Configure the network device to employ automated mechanisms to centrally verify authentication settings.

b

The network device must employ automated mechanisms to detect the addition of unauthorized components or devices.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55305 - SV-69551r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000339

Vuln IDs

V-55305

Rule IDs

SV-69551r1_rule

This requirement addresses configuration management of the network device. The network device must automatically detect the installation of unauthorized software or hardware onto the device itself. Monitoring may be accomplished on an ongoing basis or by periodic monitoring. Automated mechanisms can be implemented within the network device and/or in another separate information system or device. If the addition of unauthorized components or devices is not automatically detected, then such components or devices could be used for malicious purposes, such as transferring sensitive data to removable media for compromise.

Checks: C-55925r1_chk

Determine if the network device employs automated mechanisms to detect the addition of any unauthorized components or devices. If the network device does not employ automated mechanisms to detect the addition of unauthorized components or devices, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60169r1_fix

Configure the network device to employ automated mechanisms to detect the addition of unauthorized components or devices.

b

The network device must be configured to to conduct backups of system level information contained in the information system when changes occur.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55307 - SV-69553r2_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000340

Vuln IDs

V-55307

Rule IDs

SV-69553r2_rule

System-level information includes default and customized settings and security attributes, including ACLs that relate to the network device configuration, as well as software required for the execution and operation of the device. Information system backup is a critical step in ensuring system integrity and availability. If the system fails and there is no backup of the system-level information, a denial of service condition is possible for all who utilize this critical network component. This control requires the network device to support the organizational central backup process for system-level information associated with the network device. This function may be provided by the network device itself; however, the preferred best practice is a centralized backup rather than each network device performing discrete backups.

Checks: C-55927r3_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if the device is configured to conduct backups of system-level information contained in the information system when changes occur. If the network device is not configured to conduct backups of system-level data when changes occur, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60171r2_fix

Configure the network device to conduct backups of system-level information contained in the information system when changes occur.

b

The network device must support organizational requirements to conduct backups of information system documentation, including security-related documentation, when changes occur or weekly, whichever is sooner.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55309 - SV-69555r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000341

Vuln IDs

V-55309

Rule IDs

SV-69555r1_rule

Information system backup is a critical step in maintaining data assurance and availability. Information system and security-related documentation contains information pertaining to system configuration and security settings. If this information were not backed up, and a system failure were to occur, the security settings would be difficult to reconfigure quickly and accurately. Maintaining a backup of information system and security-related documentation provides for a quicker recovery time when system outages occur. This control requires the network device to support the organizational central backup process for user account information associated with the network device. This function may be provided by the network device itself; however, the preferred best practice is a centralized backup rather than each network device performing discrete backups.

Checks: C-55929r1_chk

Review the network device backup configuration to determine if the network device backs up the information system documentation, including security-related documentation, when changes occur or weekly, whichever is sooner. If the network device does not backup the information system documentation, including security-related documentation, when changes occur or weekly, whichever is sooner, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60173r1_fix

Configure the network device to conduct backups of information system documentation, including security-related documentation, when changes occur or weekly, whichever is sooner.

b

The network device must employ automated mechanisms to assist in the tracking of security incidents.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55311 - SV-69557r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000342

Vuln IDs

V-55311

Rule IDs

SV-69557r1_rule

Despite the investment in perimeter defense technologies, enclaves are still faced with detecting, analyzing, and remediating network breaches and exploits that have made it past the network device. An automated incident response infrastructure allows network operations to immediately react to incidents by identifying, analyzing, and mitigating any network device compromise. Incident response teams can perform root cause analysis, determine how the exploit proliferated, and identify all affected nodes, as well as contain and eliminate the threat. The network device assists in the tracking of security incidents by logging detected security events. The audit log and network device application logs capture different types of events. The audit log tracks audit events occurring on the components of the network device. The application log tracks the results of the network device content filtering function. These logs must be aggregated into a centralized server and can be used as part of the organization's security incident tracking and analysis.

Checks: C-55931r1_chk

Determine if the network device employs automated mechanisms to assist in the tracking of security incidents. If such automated mechanisms are not employed, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60175r1_fix

Configure the network device to employ automated mechanisms to assist in the tracking of security incidents.

b

The network device must obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider.

CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-55313 - SV-69559r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-6

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000366

Version

SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000344

Vuln IDs

V-55313

Rule IDs

SV-69559r1_rule

For user certificates, each organization obtains certificates from an approved, shared service provider, as required by OMB policy. For federal agencies operating a legacy public key infrastructure cross-certified with the Federal Bridge Certification Authority at medium assurance or higher, this Certification Authority will suffice.

Checks: C-55933r1_chk

Determine if the network device obtains public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider. If the network device does not obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60177r1_fix

Configure the network device to obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider.

b

The network device must limit privileges to change the software resident within software libraries.

CM-5 - Medium - CCI-001499 - V-55315 - SV-69561r1_rule

RMF Control

CM-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001499

Version

SRG-APP-000133-NDM-000244

Vuln IDs

V-55315

Rule IDs

SV-69561r1_rule

Changes to any software components of the network device can have significant effects on the overall security of the network. Therefore, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed administrative access to the network device for implementing any changes or upgrades. If the network device were to enable non-authorized users to make changes to software libraries, those changes could be implemented without undergoing testing, validation, and approval.

Checks: C-55937r1_chk

Determine if the network device limits privileges to change the software resident within software libraries. If it does not limit privileges to change the software resident within software libraries, this is a finding.

Fix: F-60181r1_fix

Configure the network device to limit privileges to change the software resident within software libraries.

b

The network device must not have any default manufacturer passwords when deployed.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-002041 - V-63997 - SV-78487r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-002041

Version

SRG-APP-000080-NDM-000345

Vuln IDs

V-63997

Rule IDs

SV-78487r1_rule

Network devices not protected with strong password schemes provide the opportunity for anyone to crack the password and gain access to the device, which can result in loss of availability, confidentiality, or integrity of network traffic. Many default vendor passwords are well known or are easily guessed; therefore, not removing them prior to deploying the network device into production provides an opportunity for a malicious user to gain unauthorized access to the device.

Checks: C-64749r1_chk

Review the configuration of the network device to determine if the vendor default password is present. This may involve showing the passwords configured on the device in the clear.

Fix: F-69925r1_fix

Remove any vendor default passwords from the network device configuration.

b

The network device must be configured with only one local account to be used as the account of last resort in the event the authentication server is unavailable.

AC-2 - Medium - CCI-001358 - V-64001 - SV-78491r3_rule

RMF Control

AC-2

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001358

Version

SRG-APP-000148-NDM-000346

Vuln IDs

V-64001

Rule IDs

SV-78491r3_rule

Authentication for administrative (privileged level) access to the device is required at all times. An account can be created on the device's local database for use when the authentication server is down or connectivity between the device and the authentication server is not operable. This account is referred to as the account of last resort since it is intended to be used as a last resort and when immediate administrative access is absolutely necessary. The account of last resort logon credentials must be stored in a sealed envelope and kept in a safe. The safe must be periodically audited to verify the envelope remains sealed. The signature of the auditor and the date of the audit should be added to the envelope as a record. Administrators should secure the credentials and disable the root account (if possible) when not needed for system administration functions.

Checks: C-64753r3_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if an account of last resort is configured. Verify default admin and other vendor-provided accounts are disabled, removed, or renamed where possible. Verify the username and password for the account of last resort is contained within a sealed envelope and kept in a safe. If one local account does not exist for use as the account of last resort, this is a finding.

Fix: F-69931r2_fix

Configure the device to only allow one local account for use as the account of last resort.

b

The network device must authenticate Network Time Protocol sources using authentication that is cryptographically based.

IA-3 - Medium - CCI-001967 - V-68747 - SV-83339r2_rule

RMF Control

IA-3

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-001967

Version

SRG-APP-000395-NDM-000347

Vuln IDs

V-68747

Rule IDs

SV-83339r2_rule

If Network Time Protocol is not authenticated, an attacker can introduce a rogue NTP server. This rogue server can then be used to send incorrect time information to network devices, which will make log timestamps inaccurate and affect scheduled actions. NTP authentication is used to prevent this tampering by authenticating the time source.

Checks: C-69297r1_chk

Review the network device configuration to determine if the network device authenticates NTP endpoints before establishing a local, remote, or network connection using authentication that is cryptographically based. If the network device does not authenticate Network Time Protocol sources using authentication that is cryptographically based, this is a finding.

Fix: F-74915r1_fix

Configure the network device to authenticate Network Time Protocol sources using authentication that is cryptographically based.

b

The network device, when utilizing PKI-based authentication, must not accept revoked certificates.

IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000185 - V-80967 - SV-95679r1_rule

RMF Control

IA-5

Severity

M

CCI

CCI-000185

Version

SRG-APP-000175-NDM-000350

Vuln IDs

V-80967

Rule IDs

SV-95679r1_rule

Without path validation, an informed trust decision by the relying party cannot be made when presented with any certificate not already explicitly trusted. When there is a chain of trust, usually the top entity to be trusted becomes the trust anchor; it can be, for example, a Certification Authority (CA). A certification path starts with the subject certificate and proceeds through a number of intermediate certificates up to a trusted root certificate, typically issued by a trusted CA.

Checks: C-80711r1_chk

When PKI-based authentication is used, verify the network device does not accept revoked certificates. Determine if the CA trust point defined on the network device references a CRL and that revocation check has been enabled. An alternate mechanism for checking the validity of a certificate is the use of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP). Unlike CRLs, which provide only periodic certificate status checks, OCSP can provide timely information regarding the status of a certificate. This requirement may be verified by configuration review or validated test results. If PKI-based authentication is used and the network device accepts revoked certificates, this is a finding.

Fix: F-87827r1_fix

Configure the network device to not accept revoked certificates.

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