Cisco IOS-XE Switch RTR Security Technical Implementation Guide

  • Version/Release: V2R2
  • Published: 2022-09-13
  • Released: 2022-10-27
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This Security Technical Implementation Guide is published as a tool to improve the security of Department of Defense (DoD) information systems. The requirements are derived from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-53 and related documents. Comments or proposed revisions to this document should be sent via email to the following address: disa.stig_spt@mail.mil.
b
The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information within the network based on organization-defined information flow control policies.
AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001368 - V-220986 - SV-220986r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001368
Version
CISC-RT-000010
Vuln IDs
  • V-220986
  • V-101689
Rule IDs
  • SV-220986r622190_rule
  • SV-110793
Information flow control regulates where information is allowed to travel within a network and between interconnected networks. The flow of all network traffic must be monitored and controlled so it does not introduce any unacceptable risk to the network infrastructure or data. Information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms are commonly employed by organizations to control the flow of information between designated sources and destinations (e.g., networks, individuals, and devices) within information systems. Enforcement occurs, for example, in boundary protection devices (e.g., gateways, switches, guards, encrypted tunnels, and firewalls) that employ rule sets or establish configuration settings that restrict information system services, provide a packet-filtering capability based on header information, or provide a message-filtering capability based on message content (e.g., implementing key word searches or using document characteristics).
Checks: C-22701r408752_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that ACLs are configured to allow or deny traffic for specific source and destination addresses as well as ports and protocols. For example, the configuration below will allow only printer traffic into subnet 10.1.12.0/24 and SQL traffic into subnet 10.1.13.0/24. ICMP is allowed for troubleshooting and OSPF is the routing protocol used within the network. interface GigabitEthernet0/1 no switchport ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.255.252 ip access-group FILTER_SERVER_TRAFFIC in … … … ip access-list extended FILTER_SERVER_TRAFFIC permit tcp any 10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255 eq lpd 631 9100 permit tcp any 10.1.13.0 0.0.0.255 eq 1433 1434 4022 permit icmp any any permit ospf any any deny ip any any Alternate: Inter-VLAN routing interface Vlan12 ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0 ip access-group FILTER_PRINTER_VLAN out ! interface Vlan13 ip address 10.1.13.1 255.255.255.0 ip access-group FILTER_SQL_VLAN out … … … ip access-list extended FILTER_PRINTER_VLAN permit tcp any any eq lpd 631 9100 permit icmp any any deny ip any any ip access-list extended FILTER_SQL_VLAN permit tcp any any eq 1433 1434 4022 permit icmp any any deny ip any any If the switch is not configured to enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information within the network based on organization-defined information flow control policies, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22690r408753_fix

Configure ACLs to allow or deny traffic for specific source and destination addresses as well as ports and protocols between various subnets as required. The commands used below were used to create the configuration as shown in the check content. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended FILTER_SERVER_TRAFFIC SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any 10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255 eq 515 631 9100 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any 10.1.13.0 0.0.0.255 eq 1433 1434 4022 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ospf any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#interface g0/1 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group FILTER_SERVER_TRAFFIC in SW1(config-if)#end Alternate: Inter-VLAN routing SW1(config)#ip access-list extended FILTER_PRINTER_VLAN SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any eq lpd 631 9100 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#ip access-list extended FILTER_SQL_VLAN SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any eq 1433 1434 4022 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#interface vlan 12 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group FILTER_PRINTER_VLAN out SW1(config-if)#exit SW1(config)#interface vlan 13 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group FILTER_SQL_VLAN out SW1(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to implement message authentication for all control plane protocols.
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-220987 - SV-220987r856398_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000020
Vuln IDs
  • V-220987
  • V-101691
Rule IDs
  • SV-220987r856398_rule
  • SV-110795
A rogue switch could send a fictitious routing update to convince a site's perimeter switch to send traffic to an incorrect or even a rogue destination. This diverted traffic could be analyzed to learn confidential information about the site's network, or used to disrupt the network's ability to communicate with other networks. This is known as a "traffic attraction attack" and is prevented by configuring neighbor switch authentication for routing updates. This requirement applies to all IPv4 and IPv6 protocols that are used to exchange routing or packet forwarding information; this includes all Interior Gateway Protocols (such as OSPF, EIGRP, and IS-IS) and Exterior Gateway Protocols (such as BGP), MPLS-related protocols (such as LDP), and multicast-related protocols.
Checks: C-22702r408755_chk

Review the switch configuration. Verify that authentication is enabled for all routing protocols. The configuration examples below depicts OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS and BGP authentication. BGP Example: router bgp nn no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.x.x.x remote-as nn neighbor x.x.x.x password xxxxxxx EIGRP Example: key chain EIGRP_KEY key 1 key-string xxxxxxx … … … interface GigabitEthernet0/0 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5 ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 EIGRP_KEY IS-IS Example: interface GigabitEthernet0/0 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip router isis isis password xxxxxxx OSPF Example: interface GigabitEthernet0/0 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip ospf authentication-key xxxxx If authentication is not enabled on all routing protocols, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22691r408756_fix

Configure authentication to be enabled for every protocol that affects the routing or forwarding tables. The example configuration commands below enables OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, and BGP authentication. BGP Example: SW1(config)#router bgp nn SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.x.x.x password xxxxxx EIGRP Example: SW1(config)#key chain EIGRP_KEY SW1(config-keychain)#key 1 SW1(config-keychain-key)#key-string xxxxx SW1(config-keychain-key)#exit SW1(config-keychain)#exit SW1(config)#int g0/0 SW1(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5 SW1(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 EIGRP_KEY SW1(config-if)#end IS-IS Example: SW1(config)#int g0/0 SW1(config-if)#isis password xxxxxx OSPF Example: SW1(config)#int g0/0 SW1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key xxxxx SW1(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to use keys with a duration not exceeding 180 days for authenticating routing protocol messages.
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-220988 - SV-220988r856399_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000030
Vuln IDs
  • V-220988
  • V-101693
Rule IDs
  • SV-220988r856399_rule
  • SV-110797
If the keys used for routing protocol authentication are guessed, the malicious user could create havoc within the network by advertising incorrect routes and redirecting traffic. Some routing protocols allow the use of key chains for authentication. A key chain is a set of keys that is used in succession, with each having a lifetime of no more than 180 days. Changing the keys frequently reduces the risk of them eventually being guessed. Keys cannot be used during time periods for which they are not activated. If a time period occurs during which no key is activated, neighbor authentication cannot occur, and therefore routing updates will fail. Therefore, ensure that for a given key chain, key activation times overlap to avoid any period of time during which no key is activated.
Checks: C-22703r408758_chk

Review the start times for each key within the configured key chains used for routing protocol authentication as shown in the example below: key chain OSPF_KEY_CHAIN key 1 key-string xxxxxxx send-lifetime 00:00:00 Jan 1 2018 23:59:59 Mar 31 2018 accept-lifetime 00:00:00 Jan 1 2018 01:05:00 Apr 1 2018 key 2 key-string yyyyyyy send-lifetime 00:00:00 Apr 1 2018 23:59:59 Jun 30 2018 accept-lifetime 23:55:00 Mar 31 2018 01:05:00 Jul 1 2018 Note: Key chains must be configured to authenticate routing protocol messages, as it is the only way to set an expiration. If any key has a lifetime of more than 180 days, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22692r408759_fix

Configure each key used for routing protocol authentication to have a lifetime of no more than 180 days as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#key chain OSPF_KEY_CHAIN SW1(config-keychain)#key 1 SW1(config-keychain-key)#key-string xxxxxx SW1(config-keychain-key)#send-lifetime 00:00:00 Jan 1 2018 23:59:59 Mar 31 2018 SW1(config-keychain-key)#accept-lifetime 00:00:00 Jan 1 2018 01:05:00 Apr 1 2018 SW1(config-keychain-key)#exit SW1(config-keychain)#key 2 SW1(config-keychain-key)#key-string yyyyyyy SW1(config-keychain-key)#send-lifetime 00:00:00 Apr 1 2018 23:59:59 Jun 30 2018 SW1(config-keychain-key)#accept-lifetime 23:55:00 Mar 31 2018 01:05:00 Jul 1 2018 SW1(config-keychain-key)#end

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to use encryption for routing protocol authentication.
IA-7 - Medium - CCI-000803 - V-220989 - SV-220989r622190_rule
RMF Control
IA-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000803
Version
CISC-RT-000040
Vuln IDs
  • V-220989
  • V-101695
Rule IDs
  • SV-220989r622190_rule
  • SV-110799
A rogue switch could send a fictitious routing update to convince a site's perimeter switch to send traffic to an incorrect or even a rogue destination. This diverted traffic could be analyzed to learn confidential information about the site's network or used to disrupt the network's ability to communicate with other networks. This is known as a "traffic attraction attack" and is prevented by configuring neighbor switch authentication for routing updates. However, using clear-text authentication provides little benefit since an attacker can intercept traffic and view the authentication key. This would allow the attacker to use the authentication key in an attack. This requirement applies to all IPv4 and IPv6 protocols that are used to exchange routing or packet forwarding information; this includes all Interior Gateway Protocols (such as OSPF, EIGRP, and IS-IS) and Exterior Gateway Protocols (such as BGP), MPLS-related protocols (such as LDP), and multicast-related protocols.
Checks: C-22704r408761_chk

Review the switch configuration. For every routing protocol that affects the routing or forwarding tables, verify that the switch is encrypting the authentication key as shown in the examples below: BGP Example: router bgp nn no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.x.x.x remote-as nn neighbor x.x.x.x password xxxxxxx Note: BGP authentication uses MD5. EIGRP Example: interface GigabitEthernet1/0 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5 ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 EIGRP_KEY_CHAIN IS-IS Example: interface GigabitEthernet1/0 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip router isis isis authentication mode md5 isis authentication key-chain ISIS_KEY_CHAIN OSPF Example: interface GigabitEthernet1/0 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip ospf authentication message-digest ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 xxxxxx RIP Example: interface GigabitEthernet1/0 no switchport ip rip authentication mode md5 ip rip authentication key-chain RIP_KEY_CHAIN If the routing protocol is not encrypting the authentication key, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22693r408762_fix

Configure all routing protocol authentications to encrypt the authentication key. BGP Example: SW1(config)#router bgp nn SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.x.x.x password xxxxxx EIGRP Example: SW2(config)#int g0/1 SW2(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5 SW2(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 EIGRP_KEY_CHAIN IS-IS Example: SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#isis authentication mode md5 SW1(config-if)#isis authentication key-chain ISIS_KEY_CHAIN OSPF Example: SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest SW1(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 xxxxxx RIP Example: SW2(config)#int g1/0 SW2(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5 SW2(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain RIP_KEY_CHAIN

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to authenticate all routing protocol messages using NIST-validated FIPS 198-1 message authentication code algorithm.
IA-7 - Medium - CCI-000803 - V-220990 - SV-220990r622190_rule
RMF Control
IA-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000803
Version
CISC-RT-000050
Vuln IDs
  • V-220990
  • V-101697
Rule IDs
  • SV-220990r622190_rule
  • SV-110801
A rogue switch could send a fictitious routing update to convince a site's perimeter switch to send traffic to an incorrect or even a rogue destination. This diverted traffic could be analyzed to learn confidential information about the site's network or used to disrupt the network's ability to communicate with other networks. This is known as a "traffic attraction attack" and is prevented by configuring neighbor switch authentication for routing updates. However, using clear-text authentication provides little benefit since an attacker can intercept traffic and view the authentication key. This would allow the attacker to use the authentication key in an attack. Since MD5 is vulnerable to "birthday" attacks and may be compromised, routing protocol authentication must use FIPS 140-2 validated algorithms and modules to encrypt the authentication key. This requirement applies to all IPv4 and IPv6 protocols that are used to exchange routing or packet forwarding information; this includes all Interior Gateway Protocols (such as OSPF, EIGRP, and IS-IS) and Exterior Gateway Protocols (such as BGP), MPLS-related protocols (such as LDP), and multicast-related protocols.
Checks: C-22705r408764_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify it is using a NIST-validated FIPS 198-1 message authentication code algorithm to authenticate routing protocol messages. OSPF Example: key chain OSPF_KEY_CHAIN key 1 key-string xxxxxxx send-lifetime 00:00:00 Jan 1 2018 23:59:59 Mar 31 2018 accept-lifetime 00:00:00 Jan 1 2018 01:05:00 Apr 1 2018 cryptographic-algorithm hmac-sha-256 key 2 key-string yyyyyyy send-lifetime 00:00:00 Apr 1 2018 23:59:59 Jun 30 2018 accept-lifetime 23:55:00 Mar 31 2018 01:05:00 Jul 1 2018 cryptographic-algorithm hmac-sha-256 … … … interface GigabitEthernet0/1 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip ospf authentication key-chain OSPF_KEY_CHAIN If a NIST-validated FIPS 198-1 message authentication code algorithm is not being used to authenticate routing protocol messages, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22694r408765_fix

Configure routing protocol authentication to use a NIST-validated FIPS 198-1 message authentication code algorithm as shown in the example. SW1(config)#key chain OSPF_KEY_CHAIN SW1(config-keychain)#key 1 SW1(config-keychain-key)#key-string xxxxxx SW1(config-keychain-key)#send-lifetime 00:00:00 Jan 1 2018 23:59:59 Mar 31 2018 SW1(config-keychain-key)#accept-lifetime 00:00:00 Jan 1 2018 01:05:00 Apr 1 2018 SW1(config-keychain-key)#cryptographic-algorithm hmac-sha-256 SW1(config-keychain-key)#exit SW1(config-keychain)#key 2 SW1(config-keychain-key)#key-string yyyyyyy SW1(config-keychain-key)#send-lifetime 00:00:00 Apr 1 2018 23:59:59 Jun 30 2018 SW1(config-keychain-key)#accept-lifetime 23:55:00 Mar 31 2018 01:05:00 Jul 1 2018 SW1(config-keychain-key)#cryptographic-algorithm hmac-sha-256 SW1(config-keychain-key)#end SW1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/2 SW1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication key-chain OSPF_KEY_CHAIN

a
The Cisco switch must be configured to have all inactive layer 3 interfaces disabled.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-001414 - V-220991 - SV-220991r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001414
Version
CISC-RT-000060
Vuln IDs
  • V-220991
  • V-101699
Rule IDs
  • SV-220991r622190_rule
  • SV-110803
An inactive interface is rarely monitored or controlled and may expose a network to an undetected attack on that interface. Unauthorized personnel with access to the communication facility could gain access to a switch by connecting to a configured interface that is not in use. If an interface is no longer used, the configuration must be deleted and the interface disabled. For sub-interfaces, delete sub-interfaces that are on inactive interfaces and delete sub-interfaces that are themselves inactive. If the sub-interface is no longer necessary for authorized communications, it must be deleted.
Checks: C-22706r408767_chk

Review the switch configuration and verify that inactive interfaces have been disabled as shown below: interface GigabitEthernet3 no switchport shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet4 no switchport shutdown If an interface is not being used but is configured or enabled, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22695r408768_fix

Disable all inactive interfaces as shown below: SW1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet3 SW1(config-if)#shutdown SW1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet4 SW1(config-if)#shutdown

b
The Cisco switch must not be configured to have any feature enabled that calls home to the vendor.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-220993 - SV-220993r856400_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000080
Vuln IDs
  • V-220993
  • V-101703
Rule IDs
  • SV-220993r856400_rule
  • SV-110807
Call home services will routinely send data such as configuration and diagnostic information to the vendor for routine or emergency analysis and troubleshooting. There is a risk that transmission of sensitive data sent to unauthorized persons could result in data loss or downtime due to an attack.
Checks: C-22708r408773_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if the call home service is enabled as shown in the example below: call-home contact-email-addr username@example.com phone-number "+1-800-555-4567" customer-id "Customer1234" contract-id "Company1234" If the call home feature is configured to call home to the vendor, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22697r408774_fix

Disable the call home feature as shown below: SW1(config)#no call-home

b
The Cisco switch must not be configured to have any zero-touch deployment feature enabled when connected to an operational network.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-220994 - SV-220994r856401_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000090
Vuln IDs
  • V-220994
  • V-101705
Rule IDs
  • SV-220994r856401_rule
  • SV-110809
Network devices that are configured via a zero-touch deployment or auto-loading feature can have their startup configuration or image pushed to the device for installation via TFTP or Remote Copy (rcp). Loading an image or configuration file from the network is taking a security risk because the file could be intercepted by an attacker who could corrupt the file, resulting in a denial of service.
Checks: C-22709r408776_chk

Review the device configuration to determine if auto-configuration or zero-touch deployment via Cisco Networking Services (CNS) is enabled. Auto-Configuration Example: version 15.0 service config … … … boot-start-marker boot network tftp://x.x.x.x/R5-config boot-end-marker CNS Zero-Touch Example: cns trusted-server config x.x.x.x cns trusted-server image x.x.x.x cns config initial x.x.x.x 80 cns exec 80 cns image If a configuration auto-loading feature or zero-touch deployment feature is enabled, this is a finding. Note: Auto-configuration or zero-touch deployment features can be enabled when the switch is offline for the purpose of image loading or building out the configuration. In addition, this would not be applicable to the provisioning of virtual switches via a software-defined network (SDN) orchestration system.

Fix: F-22698r408777_fix

Disable configuration auto-loading if enabled using the following commands: SW1(config)#no boot network SW1(config)#no service config Disable CNS zero-touch deployment if enabled as shown in the example below: SW2(config)#no cns config initial SW2(config)#no cns exec SW2(config)#no cns image SW2(config)#no cns trusted-server config x.x.x.x SW2(config)#no cns trusted-server image x.x.x.x

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to protect against or limit the effects of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by employing control plane protection.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-220995 - SV-220995r856402_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000120
Vuln IDs
  • V-220995
  • V-101707
Rule IDs
  • SV-220995r856402_rule
  • SV-110811
The Route Processor (RP) is critical to all network operations because it is the component used to build all forwarding paths for the data plane via control plane processes. It is also instrumental with ongoing network management functions that keep the switches and links available for providing network services. Any disruption to the RP or the control and management planes can result in mission-critical network outages. A DoS attack targeting the RP can result in excessive CPU and memory utilization. To maintain network stability and RP security, the switch must be able to handle specific control plane and management plane traffic that is destined to the RP. In the past, one method of filtering was to use ingress filters on forwarding interfaces to filter both forwarding path and receiving path traffic. However, this method does not scale well as the number of interfaces grows and the size of the ingress filters grows. Control plane policing increases the security of switches and multilayer switches by protecting the RP from unnecessary or malicious traffic. Filtering and rate limiting the traffic flow of control plane packets can be implemented to protect switches against reconnaissance and DoS attacks, allowing the control plane to maintain packet forwarding and protocol states despite an attack or heavy load on the switch or multilayer switch.
Checks: C-22710r408779_chk

Review the Cisco switch configuration to verify that it is compliant with this requirement. Step 1: Verify traffic types have been classified based on importance levels. The following is an example configuration: class-map match-all CoPP_CRITICAL match access-group name CoPP_CRITICAL class-map match-any CoPP_IMPORTANT match access-group name CoPP_IMPORTANT match protocol arp class-map match-all CoPP_NORMAL match access-group name CoPP_NORMAL class-map match-any CoPP_UNDESIRABLE match access-group name CoPP_UNDESIRABLE class-map match-all CoPP_DEFAULT match access-group name CoPP_DEFAULT Step 2: Review the ACLs referenced by the class maps to determine if the traffic is being classified appropriately. The following is an example configuration: ip access-list extended CoPP_CRITICAL remark our control plane adjacencies are critical permit ospf host [OSPF neighbor A] any permit ospf host [OSPF neighbor B] any permit pim host [PIM neighbor A] any permit pim host [PIM neighbor B] any permit pim host [RP addr] any permit igmp any 224.0.0.0 15.255.255.255 permit tcp host [BGP neighbor] eq bgp host [local BGP addr] permit tcp host [BGP neighbor] host [local BGP addr] eq bgp deny ip any any ip access-list extended CoPP_IMPORTANT permit tcp host [TACACS server] eq tacacs any permit tcp [management subnet] 0.0.0.255 any eq 22 permit udp host [SNMP manager] any eq snmp permit udp host [NTP server] eq ntp any deny ip any any ip access-list extended CoPP_NORMAL remark we will want to rate limit ICMP traffic permit icmp any any echo permit icmp any any echo-reply permit icmp any any time-exceeded permit icmp any any unreachable deny ip any any ip access-list extended CoPP_UNDESIRABLE remark other management plane traffic that should not be received permit udp any any eq ntp permit udp any any eq snmp permit tcp any any eq 22 permit tcp any any eq 23 remark other control plane traffic not configured on switch permit eigrp any any permit udp any any eq rip deny ip any any ip access-list extended CoPP_DEFAULT permit ip any any Note: Explicitly defining undesirable traffic with ACL entries enables the network operator to collect statistics. Excessive ARP packets can potentially monopolize Route Processor resources, starving other important processes. Currently, ARP is the only Layer 2 protocol that can be specifically classified using the match protocol command. Step 3: Review the policy-map to determine if the traffic is being policed appropriately for each classification. The following is an example configuration: policy-map CONTROL_PLANE_POLICY class CoPP_CRITICAL police 512000 8000 conform-action transmit exceed-action transmit class CoPP_IMPORTANT police 256000 4000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop class CoPP_NORMAL police 128000 2000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop class CoPP_UNDESIRABLE police 8000 1000 conform-action drop exceed-action drop class CoPP_DEFAULT police 64000 1000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop Step 4: Verify that the CoPP policy is enabled. The following is an example configuration: control-plane service-policy input CONTROL_PLANE_POLICY Note: Control Plane Protection (CPPr) can be used to filter as well as police control plane traffic destined to the RP. CPPr is very similar to CoPP and has the ability to filter and police traffic using finer granularity by dividing the aggregate control plane into three separate categories: (1) host, (2) transit, and (3) CEF-exception. Hence, a separate policy-map could be configured for each traffic category. If the Cisco switch is not configured to protect against known types of DoS attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22699r408780_fix

Configure the Cisco switch protect against known types of DoS attacks on the route processor. Implementing a CoPP policy as shown in the example below is a best practice method. Step 1: Configure ACLs specific traffic types. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended CoPP_CRITICAL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#remark our control plane adjacencies are critical SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ospf host x.x.x.x any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ospf host x.x.x.x any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit pim host x.x.x.x any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit pim host x.x.x.x any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit igmp any 224.0.0.0 15.255.255.255 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.x.x.x eq bgp host x.x.x.x SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#ip access-list extended CoPP_IMPORTANT SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.x.x.x eq tacacs any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp x.x.x.x 0.0.0.255 any eq 22 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp host x.x.x.x any eq snmp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp host x.x.x.x eq ntp any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#ip access-list extended CoPP_NORMAL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#remark we will want to rate limit ICMP traffic SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any echo SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any echo-reply SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any time-exceeded SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any unreachable SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#ip access-list extended CoPP_UNDESIRABLE SW1(config-ext-nacl)#remark management plane traffic that should not be received SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp any any eq ntp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp any any eq snmp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any eq 22 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any eq 23 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#remark control plane traffic not configured on switch SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit eigrp any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp any any eq rip SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#ip access-list extended CoPP_DEFAULT SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit Step 2: Configure class maps referencing each of the ACLs. SW1(config)#class-map match-all CoPP_CRITICAL SW1(config-cmap)#match access-group name CoPP_CRITICAL SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-any CoPP_IMPORTANT SW1(config-cmap)#match access-group name CoPP_IMPORTANT SW1(config-cmap)#match protocol arp SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all CoPP_NORMAL SW1(config-cmap)#match access-group name CoPP_NORMAL SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-any CoPP_UNDESIRABLE SW1(config-cmap)#match access-group name CoPP_UNDESIRABLE SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all CoPP_DEFAULT SW1(config-cmap)#match access-group name CoPP_DEFAULT SW1(config-cmap)#exit Step 3: Configure a policy map referencing the configured class maps and apply appropriate bandwidth allowance and policing attributes. SW1(config)#policy-map CONTROL_PLANE_POLICY SW1(config-pmap)#class CoPP_CRITICAL SW1(config-pmap-c)#police 512000 8000 conform-action transmit exceed-action transmit SW1(config-pmap-c-police)#class CoPP_IMPORTANT SW1(config-pmap-c)#police 256000 4000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop SW1(config-pmap-c-police)#class CoPP_NORMAL SW1(config-pmap-c)#police 128000 2000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop SW1(config-pmap-c-police)#class CoPP_UNDESIRABLE SW1(config-pmap-c)#police 8000 1000 conform-action drop exceed-action drop SW1(config-pmap-c-police)#class CoPP_DEFAULT SW1(config-pmap-c)#police 64000 1000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop SW1(config-pmap-c-police)#exit SW1(config-pmap-c)#exit SW1(config-pmap)#exit Step 4: Apply the policy map to the control plane. SW1(config)#control-plane SW1(config-cp)#service-policy input CONTROL_PLANE_POLICY SW1(config-cp)#end

c
The Cisco switch must be configured to restrict traffic destined to itself.
SC-7 - High - CCI-001097 - V-220996 - SV-220996r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
High
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000130
Vuln IDs
  • V-220996
  • V-101709
Rule IDs
  • SV-220996r622190_rule
  • SV-110813
The route processor handles traffic destined to the switch—the key component used to build forwarding paths and is instrumental with all network management functions. Hence, any disruption or DoS attack to the route processor can result in mission critical network outages.
Checks: C-22711r408782_chk

Review the external and internal ACLs to verify that the switch is configured to only allow specific management and control plane traffic from specific sources destined to itself. Step 1: Verify ACLs has been configured as shown in the example below that matches expected control plane and management plane traffic. With the exception of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), all other traffic destined to the switch should be dropped. ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo-reply deny ip any host x.11.1.1 log-input permit … … … … deny ip any any log-input ip access-list extended INTERNAL_ACL permit icmp any any permit ospf host 10.1.12.1 host 10.1.12.2 permit tcp 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 10.1.12.2 eq 22 permit tcp 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 10.1.12.2 eq tacacs permit udp 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 10.1.12.2 eq snmp permit udp 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 10.1.12.2 eq ntp deny ip any host 10.1.12.2 log-input permit … … … … deny ip any any log-input Note: For the internal ACL example, all switches within the hypothetical network (10.1.0.0/16) have been configured to use the loopback address to source all management traffic (not shown); hence, the loopbacks are the only allowable destination address for management traffic. In addition, all management traffic destined to the switch must originate from the management network (10.2.1.0/24). With the exception of link-local control plane traffic and ICMP, all other traffic destined to any physical interface address will be dropped. Step 2: Verify that the ACL has been applied to the appropriate interface as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/2 no switchport ip address x.11.1.2 255.255.255.254 ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL in interface GigabitEthernet0/3 no switchport ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 ip access-group INTERNAL_ACL in If the switch is not configured to restrict traffic destined to itself, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22700r408783_fix

Step 1: Configure the ACL for any external interfaces as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo-reply SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host x.11.1.1 log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit … … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input Step 2: Configure the ACL for any external interfaces as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended INTERNAL_ACL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ospf host 10.1.12.1 host 10.1.12.2 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 10.1.12.2 eq 22 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 10.1.12.2 eq tacacs SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 10.1.12.2 eq snmp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 10.1.12.2 eq ntp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 10.1.12.2 log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit … … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip any any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit Note: Best practice is to configure the ACL statements relative to traffic destined to the switch first followed by ACL statements for transit traffic. Step 3: Apply the ACLs to the appropriate interface as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#int g0/2 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL in SW1(config)#int g0/3 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group INTERNAL_ACL in

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to drop all fragmented Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets destined to itself.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-001097 - V-220997 - SV-220997r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000140
Vuln IDs
  • V-220997
  • V-101711
Rule IDs
  • SV-220997r622190_rule
  • SV-110815
Fragmented ICMP packets can be generated by hackers for DoS attacks such as Ping O' Death and Teardrop. It is imperative that all fragmented ICMP packets are dropped.
Checks: C-22712r408785_chk

Review the external and internal ACLs to verify that the switch is configured drop all fragmented ICMP packets destined to itself. ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp deny icmp any host x.11.1.2 fragments permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo … … deny ip any any ! ip access-list extended INTERNAL_ACL deny icmp any host 10.1.12.2 fragments permit icmp any any Note: Ensure the statement to deny ICMP fragments is before any permit statements for ICMP. If the switch is not configured to drop all fragmented ICMP packets destined to itself, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22701r408786_fix

Configure the external and internal ACLs to drop all fragmented ICMP packets destined to itself as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny icmp any host x.11.1.2 fragments SW1(config)#ip access-list extended INTERNAL_ACL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny icmp any host 10.1.12.2 fragments Note: Ensure the above statement is before any permit statements for ICMP.

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to have Gratuitous ARP disabled on all external interfaces.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-220998 - SV-220998r856403_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000150
Vuln IDs
  • V-220998
  • V-101713
Rule IDs
  • SV-220998r856403_rule
  • SV-110817
A gratuitous ARP is an ARP broadcast in which the source and destination MAC addresses are the same. It is used to inform the network about a host IP address. A spoofed gratuitous ARP message can cause network mapping information to be stored incorrectly, causing network malfunction.
Checks: C-22713r408788_chk

Review the configuration to determine if gratuitous ARP is disabled. The following command should not be found in the switch configuration: ip gratuitous-arps Note: With Cisco IOS, Gratuitous ARP is enabled and disabled globally. If gratuitous ARP is enabled on any external interface, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22702r408789_fix

Disable gratuitous ARP as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#no ip gratuitous-arps

a
The Cisco switch must be configured to have IP directed broadcast disabled on all interfaces.
SC-5 - Low - CCI-002385 - V-220999 - SV-220999r856404_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000160
Vuln IDs
  • V-220999
  • V-101715
Rule IDs
  • SV-220999r856404_rule
  • SV-110819
An IP directed broadcast is a datagram sent to the broadcast address of a subnet that is not directly attached to the sending machine. The directed broadcast is routed through the network as a unicast packet until it arrives at the target subnet, where it is converted into a link-layer broadcast. Because of the nature of the IP addressing architecture, only the last switch in the chain, which is connected directly to the target subnet, can conclusively identify a directed broadcast. IP directed broadcasts are used in the extremely common and popular smurf, or denial-of-service (DoS), attacks. In a smurf attack, the attacker sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo requests from a falsified source address to a directed broadcast address, causing all the hosts on the target subnet to send replies to the falsified source. By sending a continuous stream of such requests, the attacker can create a much larger stream of replies, which can completely inundate the host whose address is being falsified. This service should be disabled on all interfaces when not needed to prevent smurf and DoS attacks. Directed broadcast can be enabled on internal facing interfaces to support services such as Wake-On-LAN. Case scenario may also include support for legacy applications where the content server and the clients do not support multicast. The content servers send streaming data using UDP broadcast. Used in conjunction with the IP multicast helper-map feature, broadcast data can be sent across a multicast topology. The broadcast streams are converted to multicast and vice versa at the first-hop switches and last-hop switches before entering and leaving the multicast transit area respectively. The last-hop switch must convert the multicast to broadcast. Hence, this interface must be configured to forward a broadcast packet (i.e., a directed broadcast address is converted to the all nodes broadcast address).
Checks: C-22714r408791_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if it is compliant with this requirement. IP directed broadcast command must not be found on any interface as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/1 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip directed-broadcast … … … Interface Vlan11 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip directed-broadcast If IP directed broadcast is not disabled on all interfaces, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22703r408792_fix

Disable IP directed broadcast on all interfaces as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#no ip directed-broadcast SW1(config)#int vlan11 SW1(config-if)#no ip directed-broadcast

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to have Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) unreachable messages disabled on all external interfaces.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-221000 - SV-221000r856405_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000170
Vuln IDs
  • V-221000
  • V-101717
Rule IDs
  • SV-221000r856405_rule
  • SV-110821
The ICMP supports IP traffic by relaying information about paths, routes, and network conditions. Switches automatically send ICMP messages under a wide variety of conditions. Host unreachable ICMP messages are commonly used by attackers for network mapping and diagnosis.
Checks: C-22715r408794_chk

Review the configuration to verify the no ip unreachables command has been configured on all external interfaces as shown in the configuration example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 no ip unreachables If ICMP unreachable notifications are sent from any external or null0 interface, this is a finding. Alternative – DODIN Backbone: Verify that the PE switch is configured to rate limit ICMP unreachable messages as shown in the example below: ip icmp rate-limit unreachable 60000 ip icmp rate-limit unreachable DF 1000 Note: In the example above, packet-too-big message (ICMP Type 3 Code 4) can be sent once every second, while all other destination unreachable messages can be sent once every minute. This will avoid disrupting Path MTU Discovery for traffic traversing the backbone while mitigating the risk of an ICMP unreachable DoS attack. If the PE switch is not configured to rate limit ICMP unreachable messages, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22704r408795_fix

Step 1: Disable ip unreachables on all external interfaces. SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#no ip unreachables Step 2: Disable ip unreachables on the Null0 interface if it is used to backhole packets. SW1(config-if)#int null 0 SW1(config-if)#no ip unreachables Alternative – DODIN Backbone: Configure the PE switch to rate limit ICMP unreachable messages as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip icmp rate-limit unreachable df 100 SW1(config)#ip icmp rate-limit unreachable 100000 SW1(config)#end Alternative – Non DODIN Backbone. An alternative for non-backbone networks (i.e. enclave, base, camp, etc.) is to filter messages generated by the switch and silently drop ICMP Administratively Prohibited and Host Unreachable messages using the following configuration steps: Step 1: Configure ACL to include ICMP Type 3 Code 1 (Host Unreachable) and Code 13 (Administratively Prohibited) as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list ext ICMP_T3C1C13 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any host-unreachable SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any administratively-prohibited SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit Step 2: Create a route map to forward these ICMP messages to the Null0 interface. SW1(config)#route-map LOCAL_POLICY SW1(config-route-map)#match ip address ICMP_T3C1C13 SW1(config-route-map)#set interface Null0 SW1(config-route-map)#exit Step 3: Configure no ip unreachables on the Null0 interface. SW1(config)#int null 0 SW1(config-if)#no ip unreachables SW1(config-if)#exit Step 4: Apply the policy to filter messages generated by the switch. SW1(config)#ip local policy route-map LOCAL_POLICY SW1(config)#end

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to have Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) mask reply messages disabled on all external interfaces.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-221001 - SV-221001r856406_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000180
Vuln IDs
  • V-221001
  • V-101719
Rule IDs
  • SV-221001r856406_rule
  • SV-110823
The ICMP supports IP traffic by relaying information about paths, routes, and network conditions. Switches automatically send ICMP messages under a wide variety of conditions. Mask Reply ICMP messages are commonly used by attackers for network mapping and diagnosis.
Checks: C-22716r408797_chk

Review the switch configuration and verify that ip mask-reply command is not enabled on any external interfaces as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ip mask-reply If the ip mask-reply command is configured on any external interface, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22705r408798_fix

Disable ip mask-reply on all external interfaces as shown below: SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#no ip mask-reply

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to have Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) redirect messages disabled on all external interfaces.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-221002 - SV-221002r856407_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000190
Vuln IDs
  • V-221002
  • V-101721
Rule IDs
  • SV-221002r856407_rule
  • SV-110825
The ICMP supports IP traffic by relaying information about paths, routes, and network conditions. Switches automatically send ICMP messages under a wide variety of conditions. Redirect ICMP messages are commonly used by attackers for network mapping and diagnosis.
Checks: C-22717r408800_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that the no ip redirects command has been configured on all external interfaces as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects If ICMP Redirect messages are enabled on any external interfaces, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22706r408801_fix

Disable ICMP redirects on all external interfaces as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#no ip redirects

a
The Cisco switch must be configured to log all packets that have been dropped at interfaces via an ACL.
AU-3 - Low - CCI-000134 - V-221003 - SV-221003r622190_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000134
Version
CISC-RT-000200
Vuln IDs
  • V-221003
  • V-101723
Rule IDs
  • SV-221003r622190_rule
  • SV-110827
Auditing and logging are key components of any security architecture. It is essential for security personnel to know what is being done or attempted to be done, and by whom, to compile an accurate risk assessment. Auditing the actions on network devices provides a means to recreate an attack or identify a configuration mistake on the device.
Checks: C-22718r408803_chk

Review all ACLs used to filter traffic and verify that packets being dropped at interfaces via an ACL are logged as shown in the configuration below: ip access-list extended INGRESS_FILTER permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp permit tcp any host x.11.1.5 eq www permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo permit icmp any any echo-reply … … … deny ip any any log If packets being dropped are not logged, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22707r408804_fix

Configure ACLs to log packets that are dropped as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended INGRESS_FILTER … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to produce audit records containing information to establish where the events occurred.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000132 - V-221004 - SV-221004r622190_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000132
Version
CISC-RT-000210
Vuln IDs
  • V-221004
  • V-101725
Rule IDs
  • SV-221004r622190_rule
  • SV-110829
Without establishing where events occurred, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack. In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know where events occurred, such as switch components, modules, device identifiers, node names, and functionality. Associating information about where the event occurred within the network provides a means of investigating an attack, recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds, or identifying an improperly configured switch.
Checks: C-22719r408806_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that events are logged containing information to establish where the events occurred as shown in the example below: ip access-list extended INGRESS_FILTER permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp permit tcp any host x.11.1.5 eq www permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo permit icmp any any echo-reply … … … deny ip any any log-input Note: When the log-input parameter is configured on deny statements, the log record will contain the interface where ingress packet has been dropped. If the switch is not configured to produce audit records containing information to establish to establish where the events occurred, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22708r408807_fix

Configure the switch to log events containing information to establish where the events occurred as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended INGRESS_FILTER … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to produce audit records containing information to establish the source of the events.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000133 - V-221005 - SV-221005r622190_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000133
Version
CISC-RT-000220
Vuln IDs
  • V-221005
  • V-101727
Rule IDs
  • SV-221005r622190_rule
  • SV-110831
Without establishing the source of the event, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack. In order to compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, security personnel need to know the source of the event. In addition to logging where events occur within the network, the audit records must also identify sources of events such as IP addresses, processes, and node or device names.
Checks: C-22720r408809_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that events are logged containing information to establish the source of the events as shown in the example below: ip access-list extended INGRESS_FILTER permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp permit tcp any host x.11.1.5 eq www permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo permit icmp any any echo-reply … … … deny ip any any log-input Note: When the log-input parameter is configured on deny statements, the log record will contain the layer 2 address of the forwarding device for any packet being dropped. If the switch is not configured to produce audit records containing information to establish the source of the events, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22709r408810_fix

Configure the switch to log events containing information to establish where the events occurred as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended INGRESS_FILTER … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input

a
The Cisco switch must be configured to disable the auxiliary port unless it is connected to a secured modem providing encryption and authentication.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-001414 - V-221006 - SV-221006r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001414
Version
CISC-RT-000230
Vuln IDs
  • V-221006
  • V-101729
Rule IDs
  • SV-221006r622190_rule
  • SV-110833
The use of POTS lines to modems connecting to network devices provides clear text of authentication traffic over commercial circuits that could be captured and used to compromise the network. Additional war dial attacks on the device could degrade the device and the production network. Secured modem devices must be able to authenticate users and must negotiate a key exchange before full encryption takes place. The modem will provide full encryption capability (Triple DES) or stronger. The technician who manages these devices will be authenticated using a key fob and granted access to the appropriate maintenance port; thus, the technician will gain access to the managed device. The token provides a method of strong (two-factor) user authentication. The token works in conjunction with a server to generate one-time user passwords that will change values at second intervals. The user must know a personal identification number (PIN) and possess the token to be allowed access to the device.
Checks: C-22721r408812_chk

Review the configuration and verify that the auxiliary port is disabled unless a secured modem providing encryption and authentication is connected to it. line aux 0 no exec Note: Transport input none is the default; hence it will not be shown in the configuration. If the auxiliary port is not disabled or is not connected to a secured modem when it is enabled, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22710r408813_fix

Disable the auxiliary port. SW2(config)#line aux 0 SW2(config-line)#no exec SW2(config-line)#transport input none

c
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to deny network traffic by default and allow network traffic by exception.
SC-7 - High - CCI-001109 - V-221007 - SV-221007r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
High
CCI
CCI-001109
Version
CISC-RT-000240
Vuln IDs
  • V-221007
  • V-101731
Rule IDs
  • SV-221007r622190_rule
  • SV-110835
A deny-all, permit-by-exception network communications traffic policy ensures that only connections that are essential and approved are allowed. This requirement applies to both inbound and outbound network communications traffic. All inbound and outbound traffic must be denied by default. Firewalls and perimeter switches should only allow traffic through that is explicitly permitted. The initial defense for the internal network is to block any traffic at the perimeter that is attempting to make a connection to a host residing on the internal network. In addition, allowing unknown or undesirable outbound traffic by the firewall or switch will establish a state that will permit the return of this undesirable traffic inbound.
Checks: C-22722r408815_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that the inbound ACL applied to all external interfaces is configured to allow specific ports and protocols and deny all other traffic. Step 1: Verify that an inbound ACL is applied to all external interfaces as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/2 ip address x.11.1.2 255.255.255.254 ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL in Step 2: Review inbound ACL to verify that it is configured to deny all other traffic that is not explicitly allowed. ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo-reply … … … deny ip any any log-input If the ACL is not configured to allow specific ports and protocols and deny all other traffic, this is a finding. If the ACL is not configured inbound on all external interfaces, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22711r408816_fix

Step 1: Configure an inbound ACL to deny all other traffic by default as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any established SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo-reply … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input Step 2: Apply the ingress filter to all external interfaces. SW1(config)#int g0/2 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL in

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information between interconnected networks in accordance with applicable policy.
AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001414 - V-221008 - SV-221008r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001414
Version
CISC-RT-000250
Vuln IDs
  • V-221008
  • V-101733
Rule IDs
  • SV-221008r622190_rule
  • SV-110837
Information flow control regulates authorized information to travel within a network and between interconnected networks. Controlling the flow of network traffic is critical so it does not introduce any unacceptable risk to the network infrastructure or data. An example of a flow control restriction is blocking outside traffic claiming to be from within the organization. For most switches, internal information flow control is a product of system design.
Checks: C-22723r408818_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that ACLs are configured to allow or deny traffic for specific source and destination addresses as well as ports and protocols. In the example below, the switch is peering BGP with DISN. ICMP echo and echo-reply packets are allowed for troubleshooting connectivity. WWW traffic is permitted inbound to the NIPRNet host-facing web server (x.12.1.22). interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description Link to DISN ip address x.12.1.10 255.255.255.0 ip access-group FILTER_PERIMETER in … … … ip access-list extended FILTER_PERIMETER permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 eq bgp permit tcp host x.12.1.9 eq bgp host x.12.1.10 permit icmp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 echo permit icmp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 echo-reply permit tcp any host x.12.1.22 eq www deny ip any any log-input If the switch is not configured to enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information between interconnected networks, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22712r408819_fix

Step 1: Configure an ACL to allow or deny traffic as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended FILTER_PERIMETER SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any established SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 eq bgp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.12.1.9 eq bgp host x.12.1.10 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 echo SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 echo-reply SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any host x.12.1.22 eq www SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit Step 2: Apply the ACL inbound on all external interfaces. R2(config)#int g0/0 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group FILTER_PERIMETER in

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to only allow incoming communications from authorized sources to be routed to authorized destinations.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-221009 - SV-221009r856408_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000260
Vuln IDs
  • V-221009
  • V-101735
Rule IDs
  • SV-221009r856408_rule
  • SV-110839
Unrestricted traffic may contain malicious traffic that poses a threat to an enclave or to other connected networks. Additionally, unrestricted traffic may transit a network, which uses bandwidth and other resources. Traffic can be restricted directly by an access control list (ACL), which is a firewall function, or by Policy Routing. Policy Routing is a technique used to make routing decisions based on a number of different criteria other than just the destination network, including source or destination network, source or destination address, source or destination port, protocol, packet size, and packet classification. This overrides the switch's normal routing procedures used to control the specific paths of network traffic. It is normally used for traffic engineering but can also be used to meet security requirements; for example, traffic that is not allowed can be routed to the Null0 or discard interface. Policy Routing can also be used to control which prefixes appear in the routing table. This requirement is intended to allow network administrators the flexibility to use whatever technique is most effective.
Checks: C-22724r408821_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if the switch allows only incoming communications from authorized sources to be routed to authorized destinations. The hypothetical example below allows inbound NTP from server x.1.12.9 only to host x.12.1.21. ip access-list extended FILTER_PERIMETER permit tcp any any established … … … permit udp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.21 eq ntp deny ip any any log-input If the switch does not restrict incoming communications to allow only authorized sources and destinations, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22713r408822_fix

Configure the switch to allow only incoming communications from authorized sources to be routed to authorized destinations. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended FILTER_PERIMETER SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any established … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.21 eq ntp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#end

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to block inbound packets with source Bogon IP address prefixes.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-221010 - SV-221010r863263_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000270
Vuln IDs
  • V-221010
  • V-101737
Rule IDs
  • SV-221010r863263_rule
  • SV-110841
Packets with Bogon IP source addresses should never be allowed to traverse the IP core. Bogon IP networks are RFC1918 addresses or address blocks that have never been assigned by the IANA or have been reserved.
Checks: C-22725r863261_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that an ingress ACL applied to all external interfaces is blocking packets with Bogon source addresses. Step 1: Verify an ACL has been configured containing the current Bogon prefixes as shown in the example below: ip access-list extended FILTER_PERIMETER deny ip 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log-input deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log-input deny ip 100.64.0.0 0.63.255.255 any log-input deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log-input deny ip 169.254.0.0 0.0.255.255 any log-input deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any log-input deny ip 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 any log-input deny ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any log-input deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any log-input deny ip 198.18.0.0 0.1.255.255 any log-input deny ip 198.51.100.0 0.0.0.255 any log-input deny ip 203.0.113.0 0.0.0.255 any log-input deny ip 224.0.0.0 31.255.255.255 any log-input deny ip 240.0.0.0 15.255.255.255 any log-input permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 eq bgp permit tcp host x.12.1.9 eq bgp host x.12.1.10 permit icmp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 echo permit icmp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 echo-reply … … … deny ip any any log-input Step 2: Verify that the inbound ACL applied to all external interfaces will block all traffic from Bogon source addresses. interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description Link to DISN ip address x.12.1.10 255.255.255.254 ip access-group FILTER_PERIMETER in If the switch is not configured to block inbound packets with source Bogon IP address prefixes, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22714r863262_fix

Configure the perimeter to block inbound packets with Bogon source addresses. Step 1: Configure an ACL containing the current Bogon prefixes as shown below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended FILTER_PERIMETER SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 100.64.0.0 0.63.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 169.254.0.0 0.0.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 198.18.0.0 0.1.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 198.51.100.0 0.0.0.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 203.0.113.0 0.0.0.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 224.0.0.0 31.255.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 240.0.0.0 15.255.255.255 any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any established SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 eq bgp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.12.1.9 eq bgp host x.12.1.10 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 echo SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.12.1.9 host x.12.1.10 echo-reply … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#end Step 2: Apply the ACL inbound on all external interfaces. SW1(config)#int g0/0 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group FILTER_PERIMETER in SW1(config-if)#end

c
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to restrict it from accepting outbound IP packets that contain an illegitimate address in the source address field via egress filter or by enabling Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF).
SC-5 - High - CCI-001094 - V-221011 - SV-221011r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
High
CCI
CCI-001094
Version
CISC-RT-000310
Vuln IDs
  • V-221011
  • V-101739
Rule IDs
  • SV-221011r622190_rule
  • SV-110843
A compromised host in an enclave can be used by a malicious platform to launch cyberattacks on third parties. This is a common practice in "botnets", which are a collection of compromised computers using malware to attack other computers or networks. DDoS attacks frequently leverage IP source address spoofing to send packets to multiple hosts that in turn will then send return traffic to the hosts with the IP addresses that were forged. This can generate significant amounts of traffic. Therefore, protection measures to counteract IP source address spoofing must be taken. When uRPF is enabled in strict mode, the packet must be received on the interface that the device would use to forward the return packet, thereby mitigating IP source address spoofing.
Checks: C-22726r408827_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify uRPF or an egress ACL has been configured on all internal interfaces to restrict the switch from accepting outbound IP packets that contain an illegitimate address in the source address field. uRPF example: interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description downstream link to LAN ip address 10.1.25.5 255.255.255.0 ip verify unicast source reachable-via rx Egress ACL example: interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description downstream link to LAN ip address 10.1.25.5 255.255.255.0 ip access-group EGRESS_FILTER in … … … ip access-list extended EGRESS_FILTER permit udp 10.1.15.0 0.0.0.255 any eq domain permit tcp 10.1.15.0 0.0.0.255 any eq ftp permit tcp 10.1.15.0 0.0.0.255 any eq ftp-data permit tcp 10.1.15.0 0.0.0.255 any eq www permit icmp 10.1.15.0 0.0.0.255 any permit icmp 10.1.15.0 0.0.0.255 any echo deny ip any any If uRPF or an egress ACL to restrict the switch from accepting outbound IP packets that contain an illegitimate address in the source address field has not been configured on all internal interfaces in an enclave, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22715r408828_fix

Configure the switch to ensure that an egress ACL or uRPF is configured on internal interfaces to restrict the switch from accepting any outbound IP packet that contains an illegitimate address in the source field. The example below enables uRPF. SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#ip verify unicast source reachable-via rx

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to filter traffic destined to the enclave in accordance with the guidelines contained in DoD Instruction 8551.1.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-001097 - V-221012 - SV-221012r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000320
Vuln IDs
  • V-221012
  • V-101741
Rule IDs
  • SV-221012r622190_rule
  • SV-110845
Vulnerability assessments must be reviewed by the System Administrator, and protocols must be approved by the Information Assurance (IA) staff before entering the enclave. ACLs are the first line of defense in a layered security approach. They permit authorized packets and deny unauthorized packets based on port or service type. They enhance the posture of the network by not allowing packets to reach a potential target within the security domain. The lists provided are highly susceptible ports and services that should be blocked or limited as much as possible without adversely affecting customer requirements. Auditing packets attempting to penetrate the network that are stopped by an ACL will allow network administrators to broaden their protective ring and more tightly define the scope of operation. If the perimeter is in a Deny-by-Default posture and what is allowed through the filter is in accordance with DoD Instruction 8551.1, and if the permit rule is explicitly defined with explicit ports and protocols allowed, then all requirements related to PPS being blocked would be satisfied.
Checks: C-22727r408830_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that the ingress ACL is in accordance with DoD 8551.1. Step 1: Verify that an inbound ACL is configured on all external interfaces. interface GigabitEthernet0/2 ip address x.11.1.2 255.255.255.254 ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND in Step 2. Review the inbound ACL to verify that it is filtering traffic in accordance with DoD 8551.1. ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo-reply … … < must be in accordance with DoD Instruction 8551.1> … deny ip any any log-input If the switch does not filter traffic in accordance with the guidelines contained in DoD 8551.1, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22716r408831_fix

Configure the switch to use an inbound ACL on all external interfaces as shown in the example below to restrict traffic in accordance with the guidelines contained in DOD Instruction 8551.1. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any established SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.11.1.1 eq bgp host x.11.1.2 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 eq bgp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp host x.11.1.1 host x.11.1.2 echo-reply … … < must be in accordance with DoD Instruction 8551.1> … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#int g0/2 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND in

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to filter ingress traffic at the external interface on an inbound direction.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-001097 - V-221013 - SV-221013r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000330
Vuln IDs
  • V-221013
  • V-101743
Rule IDs
  • SV-221013r622190_rule
  • SV-110847
Access lists are used to separate data traffic into that which it will route (permitted packets) and that which it will not route (denied packets). Secure configuration of switches makes use of access lists for restricting access to services on the switch itself as well as for filtering traffic passing through the switch. Inbound versus Outbound: It should be noted that some operating systems default access lists are applied to the outbound queue. The more secure solution is to apply the access list to the inbound queue for three reasons: - The switch can protect itself before damage is inflicted. - The input port is still known and can be filtered upon. - It is more efficient to filter packets before routing them.
Checks: C-22728r408833_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that an inbound ACL is configured on all external interfaces as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/2 ip address x.11.1.2 255.255.255.254 ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND in If the switch is not configured to filter traffic entering the network at all external interfaces in an inbound direction, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22717r408834_fix

Configure the switch to use an inbound ACL on all external interfaces as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#int g0/2 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND in

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to filter egress traffic at the internal interface on an inbound direction.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-001097 - V-221014 - SV-221014r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000340
Vuln IDs
  • V-221014
  • V-101745
Rule IDs
  • SV-221014r622190_rule
  • SV-110849
Access lists are used to separate data traffic into that which it will route (permitted packets) and that which it will not route (denied packets). Secure configuration of switches makes use of access lists for restricting access to services on the switch itself as well as for filtering traffic passing through the switch. Inbound versus Outbound: It should be noted that some operating systems default access lists are applied to the outbound queue. The more secure solution is to apply the access list to the inbound queue for three reasons: - The switch can protect itself before damage is inflicted. - The input port is still known and can be filtered upon. - It is more efficient to filter packets before routing them.
Checks: C-22729r408836_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that the egress ACL is bound to the internal interface in an inbound direction. interface interface GigabitEthernet0/2 description downstream link to LAN ip address 10.1.25.5 255.255.255.0 ip access-group EGRESS_FILTER in If the switch is not configured to filter traffic leaving the network at the internal interface in an inbound direction, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22718r408837_fix

Configure the switch to use an inbound ACL on all internal interfaces as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#int g0/2 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group EGRESS_FILTER in

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to block all packets with any IP options.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-221015 - SV-221015r856410_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000350
Vuln IDs
  • V-221015
  • V-101747
Rule IDs
  • SV-221015r856410_rule
  • SV-110851
Packets with IP options are not fast switched and henceforth must be punted to the switch processor. Hackers who initiate denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on switches commonly send large streams of packets with IP options. Dropping the packets with IP options reduces the load of IP options packets on the switch. The end result is a reduction in the effects of the DoS attack on the switch and on downstream switches.
Checks: C-22730r408839_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if it will block all packets with IP options. ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL permit tcp any any established deny ip any any option any-options permit … … … … deny ip any any log-input If the switch is not configured to drop all packets with IP options, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22719r408840_fix

Configure the switch to drop all packets with IP options. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#15 deny ip any any option any-options

a
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to have Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) disabled on all external interfaces.
SC-7 - Low - CCI-002403 - V-221016 - SV-221016r856411_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000360
Vuln IDs
  • V-221016
  • V-101749
Rule IDs
  • SV-221016r856411_rule
  • SV-110853
LLDP is a neighbor discovery protocol used to advertise device capabilities, configuration information, and device identity. LLDP is media-and-protocol-independent as it runs over layer 2; therefore, two network nodes that support different layer 3 protocols can still learn about each other. Allowing LLDP messages to reach external network nodes provides an attacker a method to obtain information of the network infrastructure that can be useful to plan an attack.
Checks: C-22731r408842_chk

Step 1: Verify LLDP is not enabled globally via the command. lldp run By default LLDP is not enabled globally. If LLDP is enabled, proceed to Step 2. Step 2: Verify LLDP is not enabled on any external interface as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address x.1.12.1 255.255.255.252 no lldp transmit Note: LLDP is enabled by default on all interfaces once it is enabled globally; hence the command "lldp transmit" will not be visible on the interface configuration. If LLDP transmit is enabled on any external interface, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22720r408843_fix

Disable LLDP transmit on all external interfaces as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#no lldp transmit

a
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to have Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) disabled on all external interfaces.
SC-7 - Low - CCI-002403 - V-221017 - SV-221017r856412_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000370
Vuln IDs
  • V-221017
  • V-101751
Rule IDs
  • SV-221017r856412_rule
  • SV-110855
CDP is a Cisco proprietary neighbor discovery protocol used to advertise device capabilities, configuration information, and device identity. CDP is media-and-protocol-independent as it runs over layer 2; therefore, two network nodes that support different layer 3 protocols can still learn about each other. Allowing CDP messages to reach external network nodes provides an attacker a method to obtain information of the network infrastructure that can be useful to plan an attack.
Checks: C-22732r408845_chk

Step 1: Verify if CDP is enabled globally as shown below: cdp run By default, CDP is not enabled globally or on any interface. If CDP is enabled globally, proceed to Step 2. Step 2: Verify CDP is not enabled on any external interface as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet2 ip address z.1.24.4 255.255.255.252 … … … cdp enable If CDP is enabled on any external interface, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22721r408846_fix

Disable CDP on all external interfaces via no cdp enable command or disable CDP globally via no cdp run command.

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to have Proxy ARP disabled on all external interfaces.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-221018 - SV-221018r856413_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000380
Vuln IDs
  • V-221018
  • V-101753
Rule IDs
  • SV-221018r856413_rule
  • SV-110857
When Proxy ARP is enabled on a switch, it allows that switch to extend the network (at Layer 2) across multiple interfaces (LAN segments). Because proxy ARP allows hosts from different LAN segments to look like they are on the same segment, proxy ARP is only safe when used between trusted LAN segments. Attackers can leverage the trusting nature of proxy ARP by spoofing a trusted host and then intercepting packets. Proxy ARP should always be disabled on switch interfaces that do not require it, unless the switch is being used as a LAN bridge.
Checks: C-22733r408848_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if IP Proxy ARP is disabled on all external interfaces as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description link to DISN ip address x.1.12.2 255.255.255.252 no ip proxy-arp Note: By default Proxy ARP is enabled on all interfaces; hence, if enabled, it will not be shown in the configuration. If IP Proxy ARP is enabled on any external interface, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22722r408849_fix

Disable Proxy ARP on all external interfaces as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to block all outbound management traffic.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-001097 - V-221019 - SV-221019r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000390
Vuln IDs
  • V-221019
  • V-101755
Rule IDs
  • SV-221019r622190_rule
  • SV-110859
For in-band management, the management network must have its own subnet in order to enforce control and access boundaries provided by Layer 3 network nodes, such as switches and firewalls. Management traffic between the managed network elements and the management network is routed via the same links and nodes as that used for production or operational traffic. Safeguards must be implemented to ensure that the management traffic does not leak past the perimeter of the managed network.
Checks: C-22734r408851_chk

The perimeter switch of the managed network must be configured with an outbound ACL on the egress interface to block all management traffic as shown in the example below: Step 1: Verify that all external interfaces has been configured with an outbound ACL as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet0/2 description link to DISN ip address x.11.1.2 255.255.255.254 ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL_OUTBOUND out Step 2: Verify that the outbound ACL discards management traffic as shown in the example below: ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL_OUTBOUND deny tcp any any eq tacacs log-input deny tcp any any eq 22 log-input deny udp any any eq snmp log-input deny udp any any eq snmptrap log-input deny udp any any eq syslog log-input permit tcp any any eq www log-input deny ip any any log-input If management traffic is not blocked at the perimeter, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22723r408852_fix

Configure the perimeter switch of the managed network with an outbound ACL on the egress interface to block all management traffic. Step 1: Configure an ACL to block egress management traffic. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL_OUTBOUND SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny tcp any any eq tacacs log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny tcp any any eq 22 log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny udp any any eq snmp log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny udp any any eq snmptrap log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny udp any any eq syslog log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any eq www SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit Note: Permit commands would be configured to allow applicable outbound traffic. The example above is allowing web traffic. Step 2: Configure the external interfaces with the outbound ACL. SW1(config)#int g0/2 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL_OUTBOUND out

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to only permit management traffic that ingresses and egresses the out-of-band management (OOBM) interface.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-001097 - V-221020 - SV-221020r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000450
Vuln IDs
  • V-221020
  • V-101757
Rule IDs
  • SV-221020r622190_rule
  • SV-110861
The OOBM access switch will connect to the management interface of the managed network elements. The management interface can be a true OOBM interface or a standard interface functioning as the management interface. In either case, the management interface of the managed network element will be directly connected to the OOBM network. An OOBM interface does not forward transit traffic, thereby providing complete separation of production and management traffic. Since all management traffic is immediately forwarded into the management network, it is not exposed to possible tampering. The separation also ensures that congestion or failures in the managed network do not affect the management of the device. If the device does not have an OOBM port, the interface functioning as the management interface must be configured so that management traffic does not leak into the managed network and that production traffic does not leak into the management network.
Checks: C-22735r408854_chk

This requirement is only applicable where management access to the switch is via an OOBM interface which is not a true OOBM interface. Step 1: Verify that the managed interface has an inbound and outbound ACL configured. interface GigabitEthernet0/7 no switchport description link to OOBM access switch ip address 10.11.1.22 255.255.255.0 ip access-group INGRESS_MANAGEMENT_ACL in ip access-group EGRESS_MANAGEMENT_ACL in Step 2: Verify that the ingress ACL only allows management and ICMP traffic. ip access-list extended INGRESS_MANAGEMENT_ACL permit tcp any host 10.11.1.22 eq tacacs permit tcp any host 10.11.1.22 eq 22 permit udp any host 10.11.1.22 eq snmp permit udp any host 10.11.1.22 eq snmptrap permit udp any host 10.11.1.22 eq ntp permit icmp any host 10.11.1.22 deny ip any any log-input Step 3: Verify that the egress ACL blocks any transit traffic. ip access-list extended EGRESS_MANAGEMENT_ACL deny ip any any log-input Note: On Cisco switches, local generated packets are not inspected by outgoing interface access-lists. Hence, the above configuration would simply drop any packets not generated by the switch; hence, blocking any transit traffic. If the switch does not restrict traffic that ingresses and egresses the management interface, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22724r408855_fix

If the management interface is not a dedicated OOBM interface, it must be configured with both an ingress and egress ACL. Step 1: Configure an ingress ACL a shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended INGRESS_MANAGEMENT_ACL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any host 10.11.1.22 eq tacacs SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any host 10.11.1.22 eq 22 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp any host 10.11.1.22 eq snmp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp any host 10.11.1.22 eq snmptrap SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp any host 10.11.1.22 eq ntp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any host 10.11.1.22 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit Step 2: Configure an egress ACL a shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EGRESS_MANAGEMENT_ACL SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log-input SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit Step 3: Apply the ACLs to the OOBM interfaces. SW1(config)#int g0/7 SW1(config-if)#ip access-group INGRESS_MANAGEMENT_ACL in SW1(config-if)#ip access-group EGRESS_MANAGEMENT_ACL out

a
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to enable the Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM).
SC-5 - Low - CCI-002385 - V-221021 - SV-221021r856414_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000470
Vuln IDs
  • V-221021
  • V-101759
Rule IDs
  • SV-221021r856414_rule
  • SV-110863
As described in RFC 3682, GTSM is designed to protect a switch's IP-based control plane from DoS attacks. Many attacks focused on CPU load and line-card overload can be prevented by implementing GTSM on all Exterior Border Gateway Protocol-speaking switches. GTSM is based on the fact that the vast majority of control plane peering is established between adjacent switches; that is, the Exterior Border Gateway Protocol peers are either between connecting interfaces or between loopback interfaces. Since TTL spoofing is considered nearly impossible, a mechanism based on an expected TTL value provides a simple and reasonably robust defense from infrastructure attacks based on forged control plane traffic.
Checks: C-22736r408857_chk

Review the BGP configuration to verify that TTL security has been configured for each external neighbor as shown in the example below: router bgp xx no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.1.1.9 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.1.9 password xxxxxxxx neighbor x.1.1.9 ttl-security hops 1 neighbor x.2.1.7 remote-as zz neighbor x.2.1.7 password xxxxxxxx neighbor x.2.1.7 ttl-security hops 1 If the switch is not configured to use GTSM for all Exterior Border Gateway Protocol peering sessions, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22725r408858_fix

Configure TTL security on all external BGP neighbors as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.1.9 ttl-security hops 1 SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.2.1.7 ttl-security hops 1

b
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to use a unique key for each autonomous system (AS) that it peers with.
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-221022 - SV-221022r856415_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000480
Vuln IDs
  • V-221022
  • V-101761
Rule IDs
  • SV-221022r856415_rule
  • SV-110865
If the same keys are used between eBGP neighbors, the chance of a hacker compromising any of the BGP sessions increases. It is possible that a malicious user exists in one autonomous system who would know the key used for the eBGP session. This user would then be able to hijack BGP sessions with other trusted neighbors.
Checks: C-22737r408860_chk

Review the BGP configuration to determine if it is peering with multiple autonomous systems. Interview the ISSM and switch administrator to determine if unique keys are being used. router bgp xx no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.1.1.9 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.1.9 password yyyyyyyy neighbor x.2.1.7 remote-as zz neighbor x.2.1.7 password zzzzzzzzz If unique keys are not being used, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22726r408861_fix

Configure the switch to use unique keys for each AS that it peers with as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.1.9 password yyyyyyyy SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.2.1.7 password zzzzzzzzz

b
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to reject inbound route advertisements for any Bogon prefixes.
AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001368 - V-221023 - SV-221023r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001368
Version
CISC-RT-000490
Vuln IDs
  • V-221023
  • V-101763
Rule IDs
  • SV-221023r622190_rule
  • SV-110867
Accepting route advertisements for Bogon prefixes can result in the local autonomous system (AS) becoming a transit for malicious traffic as it will in turn advertise these prefixes to neighbor autonomous systems.
Checks: C-22738r408863_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that it will reject BGP routes for any Bogon prefixes. Step 1: Verify a prefix list has been configured containing the current Bogon prefixes as shown in the example below: ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 5 deny 0.0.0.0/8 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 10 deny 10.0.0.0/8 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 15 deny 100.64.0.0/10 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 20 deny 127.0.0.0/8 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 25 deny 169.254.0.0/16 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 30 deny 172.16.0.0/12 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 35 deny 192.0.2.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 40 deny 192.88.99.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 45 deny 192.168.0.0/16 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 50 deny 198.18.0.0/15 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 55 deny 198.51.100.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 60 deny 203.0.113.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 65 deny 224.0.0.0/4 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 70 deny 240.0.0.0/4 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 75 permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Verify that the prefix list has been applied to all external BGP peers as shown in the example below: router bgp xx no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.1.1.9 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.1.9 prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER in neighbor x.2.1.7 remote-as zz neighbor x.2.1.7 prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER in Route Map Alternative: Verify that the route map applied to the external neighbors references the configured Bogon prefix list shown above. router bgp xx no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.1.1.9 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.1.9 route-map FILTER_PREFIX_MAP neighbor x.2.1.7 remote-as zz neighbor x.2.1.7 route-map FILTER_PREFIX_MAP … route-map FILTER_PREFIX_MAP permit 10 match ip address prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER If the switch is not configured to reject inbound route advertisements for any Bogon prefixes, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22727r408864_fix

Configure the switch to reject inbound route advertisements for any Bogon prefixes. Step 1: Configure a prefix list containing the current Bogon prefixes as shown below: SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 0.0.0.0/8 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 10.0.0.0/8 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 100.64.0.0/10 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 127.0.0.0/8 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 169.254.0.0/16 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 172.16.0.0/12 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 192.0.2.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 192.88.99.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 192.168.0.0/16 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 198.18.0.0/15 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 198.51.100.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 203.0.113.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 224.0.0.0/4 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 240.0.0.0/4 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER deny 240.0.0.0/4 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Apply the prefix list filter inbound to each external BGP neighbor as shown in the example: SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.1.9 prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER in SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.2.1.7 prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER in Route Map Alternative: Step 1: Configure the route map referencing the configured prefix list above. SW1(config)#route-map FILTER_PREFIX_MAP 10 SW1(config-route-map)#match ip address prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER SW1(config-route-map)#exit Step 2: Apply the route-map inbound to each external BGP neighbor as shown in the example: SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.1.9 route-map FILTER_PREFIX_MAP in SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.2.1.7 route-map FILTER_PREFIX_MAP in SW1(config-switch)#end

b
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to reject inbound route advertisements for any prefixes belonging to the local autonomous system (AS).
AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001368 - V-221024 - SV-221024r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001368
Version
CISC-RT-000500
Vuln IDs
  • V-221024
  • V-101765
Rule IDs
  • SV-221024r622190_rule
  • SV-110869
Accepting route advertisements belonging to the local AS can result in traffic looping or being black-holed, or at a minimum, using a non-optimized path.
Checks: C-22739r408866_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that it will reject routes belonging to the local AS. Step 1: Verify a prefix list has been configured containing prefixes belonging to the local AS. In the example below x.13.1.0/24 is the global address space allocated to the local AS. ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 5 deny 0.0.0.0/8 le 32 … … … ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 74 deny x.13.1.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 75 permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Verify that the prefix list has been applied to all external BGP peers as shown in the example below: router bgp xx no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.1.1.9 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.1.9 prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER in neighbor x.2.1.7 remote-as zz neighbor x.2.1.7 prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER in If the switch is not configured to reject inbound route advertisements belonging to the local AS, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22728r408867_fix

Review the switch configuration to verify that it will reject routes belonging to the local AS. Configure the router to reject inbound route advertisements for any prefixes belonging to the local AS. Step 1: Add to the prefix filter list those prefixes belonging to the local autonomous system. SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER seq 74 deny x.13.1.0/24 le 32 Step 2: If not already completed to be compliant with previous requirement, apply the prefix list filter inbound to each external BGP neighbor as shown in the example. SW1(config)#switch bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.1.9 prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER in SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.2.1.7 prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER in SW1(config-switch)#end

b
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to reject inbound route advertisements from a customer edge (CE) switch for prefixes that are not allocated to that customer.
AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001368 - V-221025 - SV-221025r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001368
Version
CISC-RT-000510
Vuln IDs
  • V-221025
  • V-101767
Rule IDs
  • SV-221025r622190_rule
  • SV-110871
As a best practice, a service provider should only accept customer prefixes that have been assigned to that customer and any peering autonomous systems. A multi-homed customer with BGP speaking switches connected to the Internet or other external networks could be breached and used to launch a prefix de-aggregation attack. Without ingress route filtering of customers, the effectiveness of such an attack could impact the entire IP core and its customers.
Checks: C-22740r408869_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that there are ACLs defined to only accept routes for prefixes that belong to specific customers. Step 1: Verify prefix list has been configured for each customer containing prefixes belonging to each customer as shown in the example below: ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER_CUST1 seq 5 permit x.13.1.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER_CUST1 seq 10 deny 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER_CUST2 seq 5 permit x.13.2.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER_CUST2 seq 10 deny 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Verify that the prefix lists has been applied to all to the applicable CE peers as shown in the example below: router bgp xx no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.12.4.14 remote-as 64514 neighbor x.12.4.14 prefix-list FILTER_PREFIXES_CUST1 in neighbor x.12.4.16 remote-as 64516 neighbor x.12.4.16 prefix-list FILTER_PREFIXES_CUST2 in Note: Routes to PE-CE links within a VPN are needed for troubleshooting end-to-end connectivity across the MPLS/IP backbone. Hence, these prefixes are an exception to this requirement. If the switch is not configured to reject inbound route advertisements from each CE switch for prefixes that are not allocated to that customer, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22729r408870_fix

Configure the switch to reject inbound route advertisements from each CE switch for prefixes that are not allocated to that customer. Step 1: Configure a prefix list for each customer containing prefixes belonging to each. SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER_CUST1 permit x.13.1.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER_CUST1 deny 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER_CUST2 permit x.13.2.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list PREFIX_FILTER_CUST2 deny 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Apply the prefix list filter inbound to each CE neighbor as shown in the example. SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.12.4.14 prefix-list FILTER_PREFIXES_CUST1 in SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.12.4.16 prefix-list FILTER_PREFIXES_CUST2 in

b
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to reject outbound route advertisements for any prefixes that do not belong to any customers or the local autonomous system (AS).
AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001368 - V-221026 - SV-221026r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001368
Version
CISC-RT-000520
Vuln IDs
  • V-221026
  • V-101769
Rule IDs
  • SV-221026r622190_rule
  • SV-110873
Advertisement of routes by an autonomous system for networks that do not belong to any of its customers pulls traffic away from the authorized network. This causes a denial of service (DoS) on the network that allocated the block of addresses and may cause a DoS on the network that is inadvertently advertising it as the originator. It is also possible that a misconfigured or compromised switch within the GIG IP core could redistribute Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) routes into BGP, thereby leaking internal routes.
Checks: C-22741r408872_chk

Step 1: Verify that a prefix list has been configured containing prefixes belonging to customers as well as the local AS as shown in the example below: ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS seq 5 permit x.13.1.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS seq 10 permit x.13.2.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS seq 15 permit x.13.3.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS seq 20 permit x.13.4.0/24 le 32 … … … ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS seq 80 deny 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Verify that the prefix lists has been applied to all CE peers as shown in the example below: router bgp 64512 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.12.4.14 remote-as 64514 neighbor x.12.4.14 prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS out neighbor x.12.4.16 remote-as 64516 neighbor x.12.4.16 prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS out If the switch is not configured to reject outbound route advertisements that do not belong to any customers or the local AS, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22730r408873_fix

Step 1: Configure a prefix list for containing all customer and local AS prefixes as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS permit x.13.1.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS permit x.13.2.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS permit x.13.3.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS permit x.13.4.0/24 le 32 … … … SW1(config)#ip prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS deny 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Apply the prefix list filter outbound to each CE neighbor as shown in the example. SW1(config)#router bgp 64512 SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.12.4.14 prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS out SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.12.4.16 prefix-list CE_PREFIX_ADVERTISEMENTS out

b
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to reject outbound route advertisements for any prefixes belonging to the IP core.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-001097 - V-221027 - SV-221027r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000530
Vuln IDs
  • V-221027
  • V-101771
Rule IDs
  • SV-221027r622190_rule
  • SV-110875
Outbound route advertisements belonging to the core can result in traffic either looping or being black holed, or at a minimum, using a non-optimized path.
Checks: C-22742r408875_chk

Step 1: Verify that a prefix list has been configured containing prefixes belonging to the IP core. ip prefix-list FILTER_CORE_PREFIXES seq 5 deny x.1.1.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list FILTER _CORE_PREFIXES seq 10 deny x.1.2.0/24 le 32 ip prefix-list FILTER _CORE_PREFIXES seq 15 permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Verify that the prefix lists has been applied to all external BGP peers as shown in the example below: router bgp xx no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor x.1.4.12 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.4.12 prefix-list FILTER _CORE_PREFIXES out If the switch is not configured to reject outbound route advertisements for prefixes belonging to the IP core, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22731r408876_fix

Step 1: Configure a prefix list for containing all customer and local AS prefixes as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip prefix-list FILTER_CORE_PREFIXES deny x.1.1.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list FILTER _CORE_PREFIXES deny x.1.2.0/24 le 32 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list FILTER _CORE_PREFIXES permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 Step 2: Apply the prefix list filter outbound to each CE neighbor as shown in the example. SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.4.12 prefix-list FILTER _CORE_PREFIXES out

a
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to reject route advertisements from BGP peers that do not list their autonomous system (AS) number as the first AS in the AS_PATH attribute.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-000032 - V-221028 - SV-221028r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000032
Version
CISC-RT-000540
Vuln IDs
  • V-221028
  • V-101773
Rule IDs
  • SV-221028r622190_rule
  • SV-110877
Verifying the path a route has traversed will ensure the IP core is not used as a transit network for unauthorized or possibly even internet traffic. All autonomous system boundary switches (ASBRs) must ensure updates received from eBGP peers list their AS number as the first AS in the AS_PATH attribute.
Checks: C-22743r408878_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify the switch is configured to deny updates received from eBGP peers that do not list their AS number as the first AS in the AS_PATH attribute. By default, Cisco IOS enforces the first AS in the AS_PATH attribute for all route advertisements. Review the switch configuration to verify that the command no bgp enforce-first-as is not configured. router bgp xx no synchronization no bgp enforce-first-as If the switch is not configured to reject updates from peers that do not list their AS number as the first AS in the AS_PATH attribute, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22732r408879_fix

Configure the switch to deny updates received from eBGP peers that do not list their AS number as the first AS in the AS_PATH attribute. SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#bgp enforce-first-as

a
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to reject route advertisements from CE switches with an originating AS in the AS_PATH attribute that does not belong to that customer.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-000032 - V-221029 - SV-221029r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000032
Version
CISC-RT-000550
Vuln IDs
  • V-221029
  • V-101775
Rule IDs
  • SV-221029r622190_rule
  • SV-110879
Verifying the path a route has traversed will ensure that the local AS is not used as a transit network for unauthorized traffic. To ensure that the local AS does not carry any prefixes that do not belong to any customers, all PE switches must be configured to reject routes with an originating AS other than that belonging to the customer.
Checks: C-22744r408881_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify the switch is configured to deny updates received from CE switches with an originating AS in the AS_PATH attribute that does not belong to that customer. Step 1: Review switch configuration and verify that there is an as-path access-list statement defined to only accept routes from a CE switch whose AS did not originate the route. The configuration should look similar to the following: ip as-path access-list 10 permit ^yy$ ip as-path access-list 10 deny .* Note: The characters “^” and “$” representing the beginning and the end of the expression respectively are optional and are implicitly defined if omitted. Step 2: Verify that the as-path access-list is referenced by the filter-list inbound for the appropriate BGP neighbors as shown in the example below: router bgp xx neighbor x.1.4.12 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.4.12 filter-list 10 in If the switch is not configured to reject updates from CE switches with an originating AS in the AS_PATH attribute that does not belong to that customer, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22733r408882_fix

Configure the switch to reject updates from CE switches with an originating AS in the AS_PATH attribute that does not belong to that customer. Step 1: Configure the as-path ACL as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip as-path access-list 10 permit ^yy$ SW1(config)#ip as-path access-list 10 deny .* Step 2: Apply the as-path filter inbound as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.4.12 filter-list 10 in

b
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to use the maximum prefixes feature to protect against route table flooding and prefix de-aggregation attacks.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-221030 - SV-221030r856416_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000560
Vuln IDs
  • V-221030
  • V-101777
Rule IDs
  • SV-221030r856416_rule
  • SV-110881
The effects of prefix de-aggregation can degrade switch performance due to the size of routing tables and also result in black-holing legitimate traffic. Initiated by an attacker or a misconfigured switch, prefix de-aggregation occurs when the announcement of a large prefix is fragmented into a collection of smaller prefix announcements. In 1997, misconfigured switches in the Florida Internet Exchange network (AS7007) de-aggregated every prefix in their routing table and started advertising the first /24 block of each of these prefixes as their own. Faced with this additional burden, the internal switches became overloaded and crashed repeatedly. This caused prefixes advertised by these switches to disappear from routing tables and reappear when the switches came back online. As the switches came back after crashing, they were flooded with the routing table information by their neighbors. The flood of information would again overwhelm the switches and cause them to crash. This process of route flapping served to destabilize not only the surrounding network but also the entire Internet. Switches trying to reach those addresses would choose the smaller, more specific /24 blocks first. This caused backbone networks throughout North America and Europe to crash. Maximum prefix limits on peer connections combined with aggressive prefix-size filtering of customers' reachability advertisements will effectively mitigate the de-aggregation risk. BGP maximum prefix must be used on all eBGP switches to limit the number of prefixes that it should receive from a particular neighbor, whether customer or peering AS. Consider each neighbor and how many routes they should be advertising and set a threshold slightly higher than the number expected.
Checks: C-22745r507594_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that the number of received prefixes from each eBGP neighbor is controlled. router bgp xx neighbor x.1.1.9 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.1.9 maximum-prefix nnnnnnn neighbor x.2.1.7 remote-as zz neighbor x.2.1.7 maximum-prefix nnnnnnn If the switch is not configured to control the number of prefixes received from each peer to protect against route table flooding and prefix de-aggregation attacks, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22734r507595_fix

Configure the switch to use the maximum prefixes feature to protect against route table flooding and prefix de-aggregation attacks as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.1.9 maximum-prefix nnnnnnn SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.2.1.7 maximum-prefix nnnnnnn

a
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to limit the prefix size on any inbound route advertisement to /24, or the least significant prefixes issued to the customer.
SC-5 - Low - CCI-002385 - V-221031 - SV-221031r856417_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000570
Vuln IDs
  • V-221031
  • V-101779
Rule IDs
  • SV-221031r856417_rule
  • SV-110883
The effects of prefix de-aggregation can degrade switch performance due to the size of routing tables and also result in black-holing legitimate traffic. Initiated by an attacker or a misconfigured switch, prefix de-aggregation occurs when the announcement of a large prefix is fragmented into a collection of smaller prefix announcements.
Checks: C-22746r408887_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if it is compliant with this requirement. Step 1: Verify that a route filter has been configured to reject prefixes longer than /24, or the least significant prefixes issued to the customers as shown in the example below: ip prefix-list FILTER_PREFIX_LENGTH seq 5 permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 le 24 ip prefix-list FILTER_PREFIX_LENGTH seq 10 deny 0.0.0.0/0 le 32 Step 2: Verify that prefix filtering has been applied to each eBGP peer as shown in the example: router bgp xx neighbor x.1.1.9 remote-as yy neighbor x.1.1.9 prefix-list FILTER_PREFIX_LENGTH in neighbor x.2.1.7 remote-as zz neighbor x.2.1.7 prefix-list FILTER_PREFIX_LENGTH in If the switch is not configured to limit the prefix size on any inbound route advertisement to /24, or the least significant prefixes issued to the customer, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22735r408888_fix

Configure the switch to limit the prefix size on any route advertisement to /24, or the least significant prefixes issued to the customer. Step 1: Configure a prefix list to reject any prefix that is longer than /24. SW1(config)#ip prefix-list FILTER_PREFIX_LENGTH permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 le 24 SW1(config)#ip prefix-list FILTER_PREFIX_LENGTH deny 0.0.0.0/0 le 32 Step 2: Apply the prefix list to all eBGP peers as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.1.1.9 prefix-list FILTER_PREFIX_LENGTH in SW1(config-switch)#neighbor x.2.1.7 prefix-list FILTER_PREFIX_LENGTH in

a
The Cisco BGP switch must be configured to use its loopback address as the source address for iBGP peering sessions.
CM-6 - Low - CCI-000366 - V-221032 - SV-221032r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000580
Vuln IDs
  • V-221032
  • V-101781
Rule IDs
  • SV-221032r622190_rule
  • SV-110885
Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of the BGP switches. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress filters for switch management plane traffic destined to the network management subnet since the source addresses will be from the range used for loopback interfaces instead of a larger range of addresses used for physical interfaces. Log information recorded by authentication and syslog servers will record the switch’s loopback address instead of the numerous physical interface addresses. When the loopback address is used as the source for eBGP peering, the BGP session will be harder to hijack since the source address to be used is not known globally, making it more difficult for a hacker to spoof an eBGP neighbor. By using traceroute, a hacker can easily determine the addresses for an eBGP speaker when the IP address of an external interface is used as the source address. The switches within the iBGP domain should also use loopback addresses as the source address when establishing BGP sessions.
Checks: C-22747r408890_chk

Step 1: Review the switch configuration to verify that a loopback address has been configured. interface Loopback0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 Step 2: Verify that the loopback interface is used as the source address for all iBGP sessions. router bgp xx no synchronization no bgp enforce-first-as bgp log-neighbor-changes redistribute static neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as xx neighbor 10.1.1.1 password xxxxxxxx neighbor 10.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0 If the switch does not use its loopback address as the source address for all iBGP sessions, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22736r408891_fix

Configure the switch to use its loopback address as the source address for all iBGP peering. SW1(config)#router bgp xx SW1(config-switch)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0

a
The Cisco MPLS switch must be configured to use its loopback address as the source address for LDP peering sessions.
CM-6 - Low - CCI-000366 - V-221033 - SV-221033r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000590
Vuln IDs
  • V-221033
  • V-101783
Rule IDs
  • SV-221033r622190_rule
  • SV-110887
Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of backbone switches. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress filters for switch management plane traffic destined to the network management subnet since the source addresses will be from the range used for loopback interfaces instead of from a larger range of addresses used for physical interfaces. Log information recorded by authentication and syslog servers will record the switch's loopback address instead of the numerous physical interface addresses.
Checks: C-22748r408893_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if it is compliant with this requirement. Verify that a loopback address has been configured as shown in the example below: interface Loopback0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 By default, switches will use its loopback address for LDP peering. If an address has not be configured on the loopback interface, it will use its physical interface connecting to the LDP peer. If the router-id command is specified that overrides this default behavior, verify that it is a loopback interface as shown in the example below: mpls ldp router-id Loopback0 If the switch is not configured to use its loopback address for LDP peering, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22737r408894_fix

Configure the switch to use their loopback address as the source address for LDP peering sessions. As noted in the check content, the default behavior is to use its loopback address. SW1(config)#mpls ldp router-id lo0

a
The Cisco MPLS switch must be configured to synchronize Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) and LDP to minimize packet loss when an IGP adjacency is established prior to LDP peers completing label exchange.
CM-6 - Low - CCI-000366 - V-221034 - SV-221034r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000600
Vuln IDs
  • V-221034
  • V-101785
Rule IDs
  • SV-221034r622190_rule
  • SV-110889
Packet loss can occur when an IGP adjacency is established and the switch begins forwarding packets using the new adjacency before the LDP label exchange completes between the peers on that link. Packet loss can also occur if an LDP session closes and the switch continues to forward traffic using the link associated with the LDP peer rather than an alternate pathway with a fully synchronized LDP session. The MPLS LDP-IGP Synchronization feature provides a means to synchronize LDP with OSPF or IS-IS to minimize MPLS packet loss. When an IGP adjacency is established on a link but LDP-IGP synchronization is not yet achieved or is lost, the IGP will advertise the max-metric on that link.
Checks: C-22749r408896_chk

Review the switch OSPF or IS-IS configuration and verify that LDP will synchronize with the link-state routing protocol as shown in the example below: OSPF Example: router ospf 1 mpls ldp sync IS-IS Example: router isis mpls ldp sync net 49.0001.1234.1600.5531.00 If the switch is not configured to synchronize IGP and LDP, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22738r408897_fix

Configure the MPLS switch to synchronize IGP and LDP, minimizing packet loss when an IGP adjacency is established prior to LDP peers completing label exchange. OSPF Example: SW2(config)#router ospf 1 SW2(config-switch)#mpls ldp sync IS-IS Example: SW1(config)#router isis SW1(config-switch)#mpls ldp sync

a
The MPLS switch with RSVP-TE enabled must be configured with message pacing to adjust maximum burst and maximum number of RSVP messages to an output queue based on the link speed and input queue size of adjacent core switches.
SC-5 - Low - CCI-001095 - V-221035 - SV-221035r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001095
Version
CISC-RT-000610
Vuln IDs
  • V-221035
  • V-101787
Rule IDs
  • SV-221035r622190_rule
  • SV-110891
RSVP-TE can be used to perform constraint-based routing when building LSP tunnels within the network core that will support QoS and traffic engineering requirements. RSVP-TE is also used to enable MPLS Fast Reroute, a network restoration mechanism that will reroute traffic onto a backup LSP in case of a node or link failure along the primary path. When there is a disruption in the MPLS core, such as a link flap or switch reboot, the result is a significant amount of RSVP signaling, such as "PathErr" and "ResvErr" messages that need to be sent for every LSP using that link. When RSVP messages are sent out, they are sent either hop by hop or with the switch alert bit set in the IP header. This means that every switch along the path must examine the packet to determine if additional processing is required for these RSVP messages. If there is enough signaling traffic in the network, it is possible for an interface to receive more packets for its input queue than it can hold, resulting in dropped RSVP messages and hence slower RSVP convergence. Increasing the size of the interface input queue can help prevent dropping packets; however, there is still the risk of having a burst of signaling traffic that can fill the queue. Solutions to mitigate this risk are RSVP message pacing or refresh reduction to control the rate at which RSVP messages are sent. RSVP refresh reduction includes the following features: RSVP message bundling, RSVP Message ID to reduce message processing overhead, reliable delivery of RSVP messages using Message ID, and summary refresh to reduce the amount of information transmitted every refresh interval.
Checks: C-22750r408899_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine RSVP messages are rate limited. Step 1: Determine if MPLS TE is enabled globally and at least one interface as shown in the example below: mpls traffic-eng tunnels … … … interface GigabitEthernet0/2 no switchport ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls ip Step 2: If MPLS TE is enabled, verify that message pacing is enabled. ip rsvp signalling rate-limit period 30 burst 9 maxsize 2100 limit 50 Note: The command "ip rsvp msg-pacing" has been deprecated by the command "ip rsvp signalling rate-limit". If the switch with RSVP-TE enabled does not rate limit RSVP messages based on the link speed and input queue size of adjacent core switches, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22739r408900_fix

Configure the switch to rate limit RSVP messages per interface as shown in the example. SW2(config)#ip rsvp signalling rate-limit burst 9 maxsize 2100 period 30 limit 50

b
The Cisco MPLS switch must be configured to have TTL Propagation disabled.
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-221036 - SV-221036r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000620
Vuln IDs
  • V-221036
  • V-101789
Rule IDs
  • SV-221036r622190_rule
  • SV-110893
The head end of the label-switched path (LSP), the label edge switch (LER) will decrement the IP packet's time-to-live (TTL) value by one and then copy the value to the MPLS TTL field. At each label-switched switch (LSR) hop, the MPLS TTL value is decremented by one. The MPLS switch that pops the label (either the penultimate LSR or the egress LER) will copy the packet's MPLS TTL value to the IP TTL field and decrement it by one. This TTL propagation is the default behavior. Because the MPLS TTL is propagated from the IP TTL, a traceroute will list every hop in the path, be it routed or label switched, thereby exposing core nodes. With TTL propagation disabled, LER decrements the IP packet's TTL value by one and then places a value of 255 in the packet's MPLS TTL field, which is then decremented by one as the packet passes through each LSR in the MPLS core. Because the MPLS TTL never drops to zero, none of the LSP hops triggers an ICMP TTL exceeded message, and consequently, these hops are not recorded in a traceroute. Hence, nodes within the MPLS core cannot be discovered by an attacker.
Checks: C-22751r408902_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that TTL propagation is disabled as shown in the example below: no mpls ip propagate-ttl If the MPLS switch is not configured to disable TTL propagation, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22740r408903_fix

Configure the MPLS switch to disable TTL propagation as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#no mpls ip propagate-ttl

c
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to have each Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) instance bound to the appropriate physical or logical interfaces to maintain traffic separation between all MPLS L3VPNs.
CM-6 - High - CCI-000366 - V-221037 - SV-221037r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
High
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000630
Vuln IDs
  • V-221037
  • V-101791
Rule IDs
  • SV-221037r622190_rule
  • SV-110895
The primary security model for an MPLS L3VPN infrastructure is traffic separation. The service provider must guarantee the customer that traffic from one VPN does not leak into another VPN or into the core, and that core traffic must not leak into any VPN. Hence, it is imperative that each CE-facing interface can only be associated to one VRF—that alone is the fundamental framework for traffic separation.
Checks: C-22752r408905_chk

Step 1: Review the design plan for deploying L3VPN and VRF-lite. Step 2: Review the design plan for deploying L3VPN and VRF-lite. Review all CE-facing interfaces and verify that the proper VRF is defined via the "ip vrf forwarding" command. In the example below, COI1 is bound to interface GigabitEthernet0/1, while COI2 is bound to GigabitEthernet0/2. interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description link to COI1 no switchport ip vrf forwarding COI1 ip address x.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 description link to COI2 no switchport ip vrf forwarding COI2 ip address x.2.0.2 255.255.255.0 If any VRFs are not bound to the appropriate physical or logical interface, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22741r408906_fix

Configure the PE switch to have each VRF bound to the appropriate physical or logical interfaces to maintain traffic separation between all MPLS L3VPNs.

c
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to have each Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) instance with the appropriate Route Target (RT).
CM-6 - High - CCI-000366 - V-221038 - SV-221038r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
High
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000640
Vuln IDs
  • V-221038
  • V-101793
Rule IDs
  • SV-221038r622190_rule
  • SV-110897
The primary security model for an MPLS L3VPN as well as a VRF-lite infrastructure is traffic separation. Each interface can only be associated to one VRF, which is the fundamental framework for traffic separation. Forwarding decisions are made based on the routing table belonging to the VRF. Control of what routes are imported into or exported from a VRF is based on the RT. It is critical that traffic does not leak from one COI tenant or L3VPN to another; hence, it is imperative that the correct RT is configured for each VRF.
Checks: C-22753r408908_chk

Review the design plan for MPLS/L3VPN and VRF-lite to determine what RTs have been assigned for each VRF. Review the switch configuration and verify that the correct RT is configured for each VRF. In the example below, route target 13:13 has been configured for customer 1. ip vrf CUST1 rd 13:13 route-target export 13:13 route-target import 13:13 If there are VRFs configured with the wrong RT, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22742r408909_fix

Configure the switch to have each VRF instance defined with the correct RT. SW1(config)#ip vrf CUST1 SW1(config-vrf)#route-target import 13:13 SW1(config-vrf)#route-target export 13:13 SW1(config-vrf)#end

b
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to have each VRF with the appropriate Route Distinguisher (RD).
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-221039 - SV-221039r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000650
Vuln IDs
  • V-221039
  • V-101795
Rule IDs
  • SV-221039r622190_rule
  • SV-110899
An RD provides uniqueness to the customer address spaces within the MPLS L3VPN infrastructure. The concept of the VPN-IPv4 and VPN-IPv6 address families consists of the RD prepended before the IP address. Hence, if the same IP prefix is used in several different L3VPNs, it is possible for BGP to carry several completely different routes for that prefix, one for each VPN. Since VPN-IPv4 addresses and IPv4 addresses are different address families, BGP never treats them as comparable addresses. The purpose of the RD is to create distinct routes for common IPv4 address prefixes. On any given PE switch, a single RD can define a VRF in which the entire address space may be used independently, regardless of the makeup of other VPN address spaces. Hence, it is imperative that a unique RD is assigned to each L3VPN and that the proper RD is configured for each VRF.
Checks: C-22754r408911_chk

Review the design plan for MPLS/L3VPN to determine what RD has been assigned for each VRF. Review the switch configuration and verify that the correct RD is configured for each VRF. In the example below, route distinguisher 13:13 has been configured for customer 1. ip vrf CUST1 rd 13:13 Note: This requirement is only applicable for MPLS L3VPN implementations. If the wrong RD has been configured for any VRF, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22743r408912_fix

Configure the correct RD for each VRF. SW1(config)#ip vrf CUST1 SW1(config-vrf)#rd 13:13 SW1(config-vrf)#end

b
The Cisco PE switch providing MPLS Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) services must be configured to authenticate targeted Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) sessions used to exchange virtual circuit (VC) information using a FIPS-approved message authentication code algorithm.
IA-3 - Medium - CCI-001958 - V-221040 - SV-221040r863378_rule
RMF Control
IA-3
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001958
Version
CISC-RT-000660
Vuln IDs
  • V-221040
  • V-101797
Rule IDs
  • SV-221040r863378_rule
  • SV-110901
LDP provides the signaling required for setting up and tearing down pseudowires (virtual circuits used to transport Layer 2 frames) across an MPLS IP core network. Using a targeted LDP session, each PE switch advertises a virtual circuit label mapping that is used as part of the label stack imposed on the frames by the ingress PE switch during packet forwarding. Authentication provides protection against spoofed TCP segments that can be introduced into the LDP sessions.
Checks: C-22755r507597_chk

The Cisco switch is not compliant with this requirement; hence, it is a finding. However, the severity level can be downgraded to a category 3 if the switch is configured to authenticate targeted LDP sessions using MD5 as shown in the configuration example below: mpls ldp neighbor 10.1.1.2 password xxxxxxx mpls label protocol ldp If the switch is not configured to authenticate targeted LDP sessions using MD5, the finding will remain as a CAT II.

Fix: F-22744r507598_fix

The severity level can be downgraded to a category 3 if the switch is configured to authenticate targeted LDP sessions using MD5 as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#mpls ldp neighbor 10.1.1.2 password xxxxxxxx

c
The Cisco PE switch providing MPLS Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) must be configured to have the appropriate virtual circuit identification (VC ID) for each attachment circuit.
CM-6 - High - CCI-000366 - V-221041 - SV-221041r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
High
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000670
Vuln IDs
  • V-221041
  • V-101799
Rule IDs
  • SV-221041r622190_rule
  • SV-110903
VPWS is an L2VPN technology that provides a virtual circuit between two PE switches to forward Layer 2 frames between two customer-edge switches or switches through an MPLS-enabled IP core. The ingress PE switch (virtual circuit head-end) encapsulates Ethernet frames inside MPLS packets using label stacking and forwards them across the MPLS network to the egress PE switch (virtual circuit tail-end). During a virtual circuit setup, the PE switches exchange VC label bindings for the specified VC ID. The VC ID specifies a pseudowire associated with an ingress and egress PE switch and the customer-facing attachment circuits. To guarantee that all frames are forwarded onto the correct pseudowire and to the correct customer and attachment circuits, it is imperative that the correct VC ID is configured for each attachment circuit.
Checks: C-22756r408917_chk

Verify that the correct and unique VCID has been configured for the appropriate attachment circuit. In the example below, GigabitEthernet0/1 is the CE-facing interface that is configured for VPWS with the VCID of 55. interface GigabitEthernet0/1 xconnect x.2.2.12 55 encapsulation mpls If the correct VC ID has not been configured on both switches, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22745r408918_fix

Assign globally unique VC IDs for each virtual circuit and configure the attachment circuits with the appropriate VC ID.

c
The Cisco PE switch providing Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) must be configured to have all attachment circuits defined to the virtual forwarding instance (VFI) with the globally unique VPN ID assigned for each customer VLAN.
CM-6 - High - CCI-000366 - V-221042 - SV-221042r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
High
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000680
Vuln IDs
  • V-221042
  • V-101801
Rule IDs
  • SV-221042r622190_rule
  • SV-110905
VPLS defines an architecture that delivers Ethernet multipoint services over an MPLS network. Customer Layer 2 frames are forwarded across the MPLS core via pseudowires using IEEE 802.1q Ethernet bridging principles. A pseudowire is a virtual bidirectional connection between two attachment circuits (virtual connections between PE and CE switches). A pseudowire contains two unidirectional label-switched paths (LSP) between two PE switches. Each MAC virtual forwarding table instance (VFI) is interconnected using pseudowires provisioned for the bridge domain, thereby maintaining privacy and logical separation between each VPLS bridge domain. The VFI specifies the pseudowires associated with connecting PE switches and the customer-facing attachment circuits belonging to a given VLAN. Resembling a Layer 2 switch, the VFI is responsible for learning MAC addresses and providing loop-free forwarding of customer traffic to the appropriate end nodes. Each VPLS domain is identified by a globally unique VPN ID; hence, VFIs of the same VPLS domain must be configured with the same VPN ID on all participating PE switches. To guarantee traffic separation for all customer VLANs and that all packets are forwarded to the correct destination, it is imperative that the correct attachment circuits are associated with the appropriate VFI and that each VFI is associated to the unique VPN ID assigned to the customer VLAN.
Checks: C-22757r408920_chk

Step 1: Review the implementation plan and the VPN IDs assigned to customer VLANs for the VPLS deployment. Step 2: Review the PE switch configuration to verify that customer attachment circuits are associated to the appropriate VFI. In the example below, the attached circuit at interface GigabitEthernet0/1 is associated to VPN ID 110. l2 vfi VPLS_A manual vpn id 110 bridge-domain 100 neighbor 10.3.3.3 encapsulation mpls neighbor 10.3.3.4 encapsulation mpls … … … interface GigabitEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip address service instance 10 ethernet encapsulation untagged bridge-domain 100 If the attachment circuits have not been bound to the VFI configured with the assigned VPN ID for each VLAN, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22746r408921_fix

Assign globally unique VPN IDs for each customer bridge domain using VPLS for carrier Ethernet services between multiple sites, and configure the attachment circuits to the appropriate VFI. SW1(config)#l2 vfi VPLS_A manual SW1(config-vfi)#vpn id 110 SW1(config-vfi)#neighbor 10.3.3.3 encapsulation mpls SW1(config-vfi)#bridge-domain 100 SW1(config-vfi)#exit SW1(config)#int g0/1 SW1(config-if)#service instance 10 ethernet SW1(config-if-srv)#encapsulation untagged SW1(config-if-srv)#bridge-domain 100 SW1(config-if-srv)#end

a
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to enforce the split-horizon rule for all pseudowires within a Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) bridge domain.
CM-6 - Low - CCI-000366 - V-221043 - SV-221043r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000690
Vuln IDs
  • V-221043
  • V-101803
Rule IDs
  • SV-221043r622190_rule
  • SV-110907
A virtual forwarding instance (VFI) must be created on each participating PE switch for each customer VLAN using VPLS for carrier Ethernet services. The VFI specifies the VPN ID of a VPLS domain, the addresses of other PE switches in the domain, and the type of tunnel signaling and encapsulation mechanism for each peer PE switch. The set of VFIs formed by the interconnection of the emulated VCs is called a VPLS instance, which forms the logic bridge over the MPLS core network. The PE switches use the VFI with a unique VPN ID to establish a full mesh of emulated virtual circuits or pseudowires to all the other PE switches in the VPLS instance. The full-mesh configuration allows the PE switch to maintain a single broadcast domain. With a full-mesh configuration, signaling and packet replication requirements for each provisioned virtual circuit on a PE can be high. To avoid the problem of a packet looping in the provider core, thereby adding more overhead, the PE devices must enforce a split-horizon principle for the emulated virtual circuits; that is, if a packet is received on an emulated virtual circuit, it is not forwarded on any other virtual circuit.
Checks: C-22758r408923_chk

Review the PE switch configuration to verify that split horizon is enabled. By default, split horizon is enabled; hence, the attribute no-split-horizon should not be seen on the neighbor command as shown in the example below: l2 vfi VPLS_A manual vpn id 110 bridge-domain 100 neighbor 10.3.3.3 encapsulation mpls no-split-horizon If split horizon is not enabled, this is a finding. Note: This requirement is only applicable to a mesh VPLS topology. VPLS solves the loop problem by using a split-horizon rule which states that member PE switches of a VPLS must forward VPLS traffic only to the local attachment circuits when they receive the traffic from the other PE switches. In a ring VPLS, split horizon must be disabled so that a PE switch can forward a packet received from one pseudowire to another pseudowire. To prevent the consequential loop, at least one span in the ring would not have a pseudowire for any given VPLS instance.

Fix: F-22747r408924_fix

Enable split horizon on all PE switches deploying VPLS in a full-mesh configuration. SW1(config)#l2 vfi VPLS_A manual SW1(config-vfi)#neighbor 10.3.3.3 encapsulation mpls

b
The Cisco PE switch providing Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) must be configured to have traffic storm control thresholds on CE-facing interfaces.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-001095 - V-221044 - SV-221044r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001095
Version
CISC-RT-000700
Vuln IDs
  • V-221044
  • V-101805
Rule IDs
  • SV-221044r622190_rule
  • SV-110909
A traffic storm occurs when packets flood a VPLS bridge, creating excessive traffic and degrading network performance. Traffic storm control prevents VPLS bridge disruption by suppressing traffic when the number of packets reaches configured threshold levels. Traffic storm control monitors incoming traffic levels on a port and drops traffic when the number of packets reaches the configured threshold level during any one-second interval.
Checks: C-22759r408926_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that storm control is enabled on CE-facing interfaces deploying VPLS as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet3 no switchport no ip address service instance 10 ethernet encapsulation untagged bridge-domain 100 storm-control broadcast cir 12000000 ! ! If storm control is not enabled at a minimum for broadcast traffic, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22748r408927_fix

Configure storm control for each CE-facing interface as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#int g3 SW1(config-if)#service instance 10 ethernet SW1(config-if-srv)#storm-control broadcast cir 12000000 SW1(config-if-srv)#end Note: The acceptable range is 10000000 -1000000000 for a gigabit ethernet interface, and 100000000-10000000000 for a ten gigabit interface. Storm control is not supported on most FastEthernet interfaces.

a
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to implement Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) or Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) snooping for each Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) bridge domain.
SC-5 - Low - CCI-002385 - V-221045 - SV-221045r856419_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000710
Vuln IDs
  • V-221045
  • V-101807
Rule IDs
  • SV-221045r856419_rule
  • SV-110911
IGMP snooping provides a way to constrain multicast traffic at Layer 2. By monitoring the IGMP membership reports sent by hosts within the bridge domain, the snooping application can set up Layer 2 multicast forwarding tables to deliver traffic only to ports with at least one interested member within the VPLS bridge, thereby significantly reducing the volume of multicast traffic that would otherwise flood an entire VPLS bridge domain. The IGMP snooping operation applies to both access circuits and pseudowires within a VPLS bridge domain.
Checks: C-22760r408929_chk

Review the switch configuration to verify that IGMP or MLD snooping has been configured for IPv4 and IPv6 multicast traffic respectively for each VPLS bridge domain. The example below are the steps to verify that IGMP snooping is enabled for a VPLS bridge domain. Step 1: Verify that IGMP snooping is enabled globally. By default, IGMP snooping is enabled globally; hence, the following command should not be in the switch configuration: no ip igmp snooping Step 2: If IGMP snooping is enabled globally, it will also be enabled by default for each VPLS bridge domain. Hence, the command “no ip igmp snooping” should not be configured for any VPLS bridge domain as shown in the example below: bridge-domain 100 no ip igmp snooping ! If the switch is not configured to implement IGMP or MLD snooping for each VPLS bridge domain, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22749r408930_fix

Configure IGMP or MLD snooping for IPv4 and IPv6 multicast traffic respectively for each VPLS bridge domain. SW1(config)#bridge-domain 100 SW1(config-bdomain)#ip igmp snooping SW1(config-bdomain)#end

b
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to limit the number of MAC addresses it can learn for each Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) bridge domain.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-001094 - V-221046 - SV-221046r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001094
Version
CISC-RT-000720
Vuln IDs
  • V-221046
  • V-101809
Rule IDs
  • SV-221046r622190_rule
  • SV-110913
VPLS defines an architecture that delivers Ethernet multipoint services over an MPLS network. Customer Layer 2 frames are forwarded across the MPLS core via pseudowires using IEEE 802.1q Ethernet bridging principles. A pseudowire is a virtual bidirectional connection between two attachment circuits (virtual connections between PE and CE switches). A pseudowire contains two unidirectional label-switched paths (LSP). Each MAC forwarding table instance is interconnected using domain-specific LSPs, thereby maintaining privacy and logical separation between each VPLS domain. When a frame arrives on a bridge port (pseudowire or attachment circuit) and the source MAC address is unknown to the receiving PE switch, the source MAC address is associated with the pseudowire or attachment circuit and the forwarding table is updated accordingly. Frames are forwarded to the appropriate pseudowire or attachment circuit according to the forwarding table entry for the destination MAC address. Ethernet frames sent to broadcast and unknown destination addresses must be flooded out to all interfaces for the bridge domain; hence, a PE switch must replicate packets across both attachment circuits and pseudowires. A malicious attacker residing in a customer network could launch a source MAC address spoofing attack by flooding packets to a valid unicast destination, each with a different MAC source address. The PE switch receiving this traffic would try to learn every new MAC address and would quickly run out of space for the VFI forwarding table. Older, valid MAC addresses would be removed from the table, and traffic sent to them would have to be flooded until the storm threshold limit is reached. Hence, it is essential that a limit is established to control the number of MAC addresses that will be learned and recorded into the forwarding table for each bridge domain.
Checks: C-22761r408932_chk

Review the PE switch configuration to determine if a MAC address limit has been set for each VPLS bridge domain. bridge-domain 100 mac limit maximum addresses nnnnn If a limit has not been configured, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22750r408933_fix

Configure a MAC address learning limit for each VPLS bridge domain. SW1(config-bdomain)#mac limit maximum addresses nnnn

c
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to block any traffic that is destined to the IP core infrastructure.
SC-7 - High - CCI-001097 - V-221047 - SV-221047r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
High
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000730
Vuln IDs
  • V-221047
  • V-101811
Rule IDs
  • SV-221047r622190_rule
  • SV-110915
IP addresses can be guessed. Core network elements must not be accessible from any external host. Protecting the core from any attack is vital for the integrity and privacy of customer traffic as well as the availability of transit services. A compromise of the IP core can result in an outage or, at a minimum, non-optimized forwarding of customer traffic. Protecting the core from an outside attack also prevents attackers from using the core to attack any customer. Hence, it is imperative that all switches at the edge deny traffic destined to any address belonging to the IP core infrastructure.
Checks: C-22762r408935_chk

Step 1: Review the switch configuration to verify that an ingress ACL is applied to all external or CE-facing interfaces. interface GigabitEthernet0/2 no switchport ip address x.1.12.2 255.255.255.252 ip access-group BLOCK_TO_CORE in Step 2: Verify that the ingress ACL discards and logs packets destined to the IP core address space. ip access-list extended BLOCK_TO_CORE deny ip any 10.1.x.0 0.0.255.255 log-input permit ip any any ! If the PE switch is not configured to block any traffic with a destination address assigned to the IP core infrastructure, this is a finding. Note: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo requests and traceroutes will be allowed to the edge from external adjacent neighbors.

Fix: F-22751r408936_fix

Configure protection for the IP core to be implemented at the edges by blocking any traffic with a destination address assigned to the IP core infrastructure. Step 1: Configure an ingress ACL to discard and log packets destined to the IP core address space. SW2(config)#ip access-list extended BLOCK_TO_CORE SW2(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 10.1.x.0 0.0.255.255 log-input SW2(config-ext-nacl)#exit Step 2: Apply the ACL inbound to all external or CE-facing interfaces. SW2(config)#int SW1(config)#int g0/2 SW2(config-if)#ip access-group BLOCK_TO_CORE in SW2(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco PE switch must be configured with Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF) loose mode enabled on all CE-facing interfaces.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-001097 - V-221048 - SV-221048r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001097
Version
CISC-RT-000740
Vuln IDs
  • V-221048
  • V-101813
Rule IDs
  • SV-221048r622190_rule
  • SV-110917
The uRPF feature is a defense against spoofing and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by verifying if the source address of any ingress packet is reachable. To mitigate attacks that rely on forged source addresses, all provider edge switches must enable uRPF loose mode to guarantee that all packets received from a CE switch contain source addresses that are in the route table.
Checks: C-22763r408938_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if uRPF loose mode is enabled on all CE-facing interfaces. interface GigabitEthernet0/2 no switchport ip address x.1.12.2 255.255.255.252 ip access-group BLOCK_TO_CORE in ip verify unicast source reachable-via any If uRPF loose mode is not enabled on all CE-facing interfaces, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22752r408939_fix

Configure uRPF loose mode on all CE-facing interfaces as shown in the example below: SW2(config)#int SW1(config)#int g0/2 SW2(config-if)#ip verify unicast source reachable-via any SW2(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to ignore or drop all packets with any IP options.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-221049 - SV-221049r856420_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000750
Vuln IDs
  • V-221049
  • V-101815
Rule IDs
  • SV-221049r856420_rule
  • SV-110919
Packets with IP options are not fast-switched and therefore must be punted to the switch processor. Hackers who initiate denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on switches commonly send large streams of packets with IP options. Dropping the packets with IP options reduces the load of IP options packets on the switch. The end result is a reduction in the effects of the DoS attack on the switch and on downstream switches.
Checks: C-22764r408941_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if it will ignore or drop all packets with IP options as shown in the examples below: ip options drop or ip options ignore If the switch is not configured to drop or block all packets with IP options, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22753r408942_fix

Configure the switch to ignore or drop all packets with IP options as shown in the examples below: SW1(config)#ip options ignore or SW1(config)#ip options drop

a
The Cisco PE switch must be configured to enforce a Quality-of-Service (QoS) policy in accordance with the QoS GIG Technical Profile.
SC-5 - Low - CCI-001095 - V-221050 - SV-221050r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001095
Version
CISC-RT-000760
Vuln IDs
  • V-221050
  • V-101817
Rule IDs
  • SV-221050r622190_rule
  • SV-110921
Different applications have unique requirements and toleration levels for delay, jitter, bandwidth, packet loss, and availability. To manage the multitude of applications and services, a network requires a QoS framework to differentiate traffic and provide a method to manage network congestion. The Differentiated Services Model (DiffServ) is based on per-hop behavior by categorizing traffic into different classes and enabling each node to enforce a forwarding treatment to each packet as dictated by a policy. Packet markings such as IP Precedence and its successor, Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP), were defined along with specific per-hop behaviors for key traffic types to enable a scalable QoS solution. DiffServ QoS categorizes network traffic, prioritizes it according to its relative importance, and provides priority treatment based on the classification. It is imperative that end-to-end QoS is implemented within the IP core network to provide preferred treatment for mission-critical applications.
Checks: C-22765r408944_chk

Review the switch configuration and verify that a QoS policy has been configured to provide preferred treatment for mission-critical applications in accordance with the QoS GIG Technical Profile. Step 1: Verify that the class-maps are configured to match on DSCP values as shown in the configuration example below: class-map match-all C2_VOICE match ip dscp af47 class-map match-all VOICE match ip dscp ef class-map match-all VIDEO match ip dscp af41 class-map match-all CONTROL_PLANE match ip dscp cs6 class-map match-all PREFERRED_DATA match ip dscp af33 Step 2: Verify that the policy map reserves the bandwidth for each traffic type as shown in the example below: policy-map QOS_POLICY class C2_VOICE priority percent 10 class VOICE priority percent 15 class VIDEO bandwidth percent 25 class CONTROL_PLANE priority percent 10 class PREFERRED_DATA bandwidth percent 25 class class-default bandwidth percent 15 Step 3: Verify that an output service policy is bound to all interfaces as shown in the configuration example below: interface GigabitEthernet1/1 no switchport ip address 10.1.15.1 255.255.255.252 service-policy output QOS_POLICY ! interface GigabitEthernet1/2 no switchport ip address 10.1.15.4 255.255.255.252 service-policy output QOS_POLICY Note: Enclaves must mark or re-mark their traffic to be consistent with the DODIN backbone admission criteria to gain the appropriate level of service. A general DiffServ principle is to mark or trust traffic as close to the source as administratively and technically possible. However, certain traffic types might need to be re-marked before handoff to the DODIN backbone to gain admission to the correct class. If such re-marking is required, it is recommended that the re-marking be performed at the CE egress edge. Note: The GTP QOS document (GTP-0009) can be downloaded via the following link: https://intellipedia.intelink.gov/wiki/Portal:GIG_Technical_Guidance/GTG_GTPs/GTP_Development_List If the switch is not configured to enforce a QoS policy in accordance with the QoS GIG Technical Profile, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22754r408945_fix

Configure a QoS policy in accordance with the QoS GIGTechnical Profile. Step 1: Configure class-maps to match on DSCP values as shown in the configuration example below: SW1(config)#class-map match-all PREFERRED_DATA SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp af33 SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all CONTROL_PLANE SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp cs6 SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all VIDEO SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp af41 SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all VOICE SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp ef SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all C2_VOICE SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp 47 SW1(config-cmap)#exit Step 2: Configure a policy map to be applied to the core-layer-facing interface that reserves the bandwidth for each traffic type as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#policy-map QOS_POLICY SW1(config-pmap)#class CONTROL_PLANE SW1(config-pmap-c)#priority percent 10 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class C2_VOICE SW1(config-pmap-c)#priority percent 10 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class VOICE SW1(config-pmap-c)#priority percent 15 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class VIDEO SW1(config-pmap-c)#bandwidth percent 25 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class PREFERRED_DATA SW1(config-pmap-c)#bandwidth percent 25 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class class-default SW1(config-pmap-c)#bandwidth percent 15 SW1(config-pmap-c)#exit SW1(config-pmap)#exit Step 3: Apply the output service policy to all interfaces as shown in the configuration example below: SW1(config)#int g1/1 SW1(config-if)#service-policy output QOS_POLICY SW1(config-if)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/2 SW1(config-if)#service-policy output QOS_POLICY SW1(config-if)#end

a
The Cisco P switch must be configured to implement a Quality-of-Service (QoS) policy in accordance with the QoS GIG Technical Profile.
SC-5 - Low - CCI-001095 - V-221051 - SV-221051r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001095
Version
CISC-RT-000770
Vuln IDs
  • V-221051
  • V-101819
Rule IDs
  • SV-221051r622190_rule
  • SV-110923
Different applications have unique requirements and toleration levels for delay, jitter, bandwidth, packet loss, and availability. To manage the multitude of applications and services, a network requires a QoS framework to differentiate traffic and provide a method to manage network congestion. The Differentiated Services Model (DiffServ) is based on per-hop behavior by categorizing traffic into different classes and enabling each node to enforce a forwarding treatment to each packet as dictated by a policy. Packet markings such as IP Precedence and its successor, Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP), were defined along with specific per-hop behaviors for key traffic types to enable a scalable QoS solution. DiffServ QoS categorizes network traffic, prioritizes it according to its relative importance, and provides priority treatment based on the classification. It is imperative that end-to-end QoS is implemented within the IP core network to provide preferred treatment for mission-critical applications.
Checks: C-22766r408947_chk

Review the switch configuration and verify that a QoS policy has been configured to provide preferred treatment for mission-critical applications in accordance with the QoS GIG Technical Profile. Step 1: Verify that the class-maps are configured to match on DSCP values as shown in the configuration example below: class-map match-all PREFERRED_DATA match ip dscp af33 class-map match-all CONTROL_PLANE match ip dscp cs6 class-map match-all VIDEO match ip dscp af41 class-map match-all VOICE match ip dscp ef class-map match-all C2_VOICE match ip dscp 47 Step 2: Verify that the policy map reserves the bandwidth for each traffic type as shown in the example below: policy-map QOS_POLICY class CONTROL_PLANE priority percent 10 class C2_VOICE priority percent 10 class VOICE priority percent 15 class VIDEO bandwidth percent 25 class PREFERRED_DATA bandwidth percent 25 class class-default bandwidth percent 15 Step 3: Verify that an output service policy is bound to all interfaces as shown in the configuration example below: interface GigabitEthernet1/1 no switchport ip address 10.1.15.5 255.255.255.252 service-policy output QOS_POLICY ! interface GigabitEthernet1/2 no switchport ip address 10.1.15.8 255.255.255.252 service-policy output QOS_POLICY Note: The GTP QOS document (GTP-0009) can be downloaded via the following link: https://intellipedia.intelink.gov/wiki/Portal:GIG_Technical_Guidance/GTG_GTPs/GTP_Development_List If the switch is not configured to enforce a QoS policy in accordance with the QoS GIG Technical Profile, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22755r408948_fix

Configure a QoS policy in accordance with the QoS GIG Technical Profile. Step 1: Configure class-maps to match on DSCP values as shown in the configuration example below: SW1(config)#class-map match-all PREFERRED_DATA SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp af33 SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all CONTROL_PLANE SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp cs6 SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all VIDEO SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp af41 SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all VOICE SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp ef SW1(config-cmap)#class-map match-all C2_VOICE SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp 47 SW1(config-cmap)#exit Step 2: Configure a policy map to be applied to the core-layer-facing interface that reserves the bandwidth for each traffic type as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#policy-map QOS_POLICY SW1(config-pmap)#class CONTROL_PLANE SW1(config-pmap-c)#priority percent 10 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class C2_VOICE SW1(config-pmap-c)#priority percent 10 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class VOICE SW1(config-pmap-c)#priority percent 15 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class VIDEO SW1(config-pmap-c)#bandwidth percent 25 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class PREFERRED_DATA SW1(config-pmap-c)#bandwidth percent 25 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class class-default SW1(config-pmap-c)#bandwidth percent 15 SW1(config-pmap-c)#exit SW1(config-pmap)#exit Step 3: Apply the output service policy to all interfaces as shown in the configuration example below: SW1(config)#int g1/1 SW1(config-if)#service-policy output QOS_POLICY SW1(config-if)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/2 SW1(config-if)#service-policy output QOS_POLICY SW1(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to enforce a Quality-of-Service (QoS) policy to limit the effects of packet flooding denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-001095 - V-221052 - SV-221052r622190_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001095
Version
CISC-RT-000780
Vuln IDs
  • V-221052
  • V-101821
Rule IDs
  • SV-221052r622190_rule
  • SV-110925
DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. Packet flooding distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are referred to as volumetric attacks and have the objective of overloading a network or circuit to deny or seriously degrade performance, which denies access to the services that normally traverse the network or circuit. Volumetric attacks have become relatively easy to launch using readily available tools such as Low Orbit Ion Cannon or botnets. Measures to mitigate the effects of a successful volumetric attack must be taken to ensure that sufficient capacity is available for mission-critical traffic. Managing capacity may include, for example, establishing selected network usage priorities or quotas and enforcing them using rate limiting, Quality of Service (QoS), or other resource reservation control methods. These measures may also mitigate the effects of sudden decreases in network capacity that are the result of accidental or intentional physical damage to telecommunications facilities (such as cable cuts or weather-related outages).
Checks: C-22767r408950_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if it is configured to enforce a QoS policy to limit the effects of packet flooding DoS attacks. Step 1: Verify that a class map has been configured for the Scavenger class as shown in the example below: class-map match-all SCAVENGER match ip dscp cs1 Step 2: Verify that the policy map includes the SCAVENGER class with low priority as shown in the example below: policy-map QOS_POLICY class CONTROL_PLANE priority percent 10 class C2_VOICE priority percent 10 class VOICE priority percent 15 class VIDEO bandwidth percent 25 class PREFERRED_DATA bandwidth percent 25 class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 5 class class-default bandwidth percent 10 Note: Traffic out of profile must be marked at the customer access layer or CE egress edge. If the switch is not configured to enforce a QoS policy to limit the effects of packet flooding DoS attacks, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22756r408951_fix

Step 1: Configure a class map for the SCAVENGER class. SW1(config)#class-map match-all SCAVENGER SW1(config-cmap)#match ip dscp cs1 Step 2: Add the SCAVENGER class to the policy map as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#policy-map QOS_POLICY SW1(config-pmap-c)#no class class-default SW1(config-pmap)#class SCAVENGER SW1(config-pmap-c)#bandwidth percent 5 SW1(config-pmap-c)#class class-default SW1(config-pmap-c)#bandwidth percent 10 SW1(config-pmap-c)#end

b
The Cisco multicast switch must be configured to disable Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) on all interfaces that are not required to support multicast routing.
AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001414 - V-221053 - SV-221053r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001414
Version
CISC-RT-000790
Vuln IDs
  • V-221053
  • V-101823
Rule IDs
  • SV-221053r622190_rule
  • SV-110927
If multicast traffic is forwarded beyond the intended boundary, it is possible that it can be intercepted by unauthorized or unintended personnel. Limiting where, within the network, a given multicast group's data is permitted to flow is an important first step in improving multicast security. A scope zone is an instance of a connected region of a given scope. Zones of the same scope cannot overlap while zones of a smaller scope will fit completely within a zone of a larger scope. For example, Admin-local scope is smaller than Site-local scope, so the administratively configured boundary fits within the bounds of a site. According to RFC 4007 IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture (section 5), scope zones are also required to be "convex from a routing perspective"; that is, packets routed within a zone must not pass through any links that are outside of the zone. This requirement forces each zone to be one contiguous island rather than a series of separate islands. As stated in the DoD IPv6 IA Guidance for MO3, "One should be able to identify all interfaces of a zone by drawing a closed loop on their network diagram, engulfing some switches and passing through some switches to include only some of their interfaces." Therefore, it is imperative that the network engineers have documented their multicast topology and thereby knows which interfaces are enabled for multicast. Once this is done, the zones can be scoped as required.
Checks: C-22768r408953_chk

Step 1: Review the network's multicast topology diagram. Step 2: Review the switch configuration to verify that only the PIM interfaces as shown in the multicast topology diagram are enabled for PIM as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet1/1 no switchport ip address 10.1.3.3 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode If an interface is not required to support multicast routing and it is enabled, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22757r408954_fix

Document all enabled interfaces for PIM in the network's multicast topology diagram. Disable support for PIM on interfaces that are not required to support it. SW1(config)#int g1/1 SW1(config-if)#no ip pim sparse-mode

b
The Cisco multicast switch must be configured to bind a Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) neighbor filter to interfaces that have PIM enabled.
AC-4 - Medium - CCI-001414 - V-221054 - SV-221054r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001414
Version
CISC-RT-000800
Vuln IDs
  • V-221054
  • V-101825
Rule IDs
  • SV-221054r622190_rule
  • SV-110929
PIM is a routing protocol used to build multicast distribution trees for forwarding multicast traffic across the network infrastructure. PIM traffic must be limited to only known PIM neighbors by configuring and binding a PIM neighbor filter to those interfaces that have PIM enabled. If a PIM neighbor filter is not applied to those interfaces that have PIM enabled, unauthorized switches can join the PIM domain, discover and use the rendezvous points, and also advertise their rendezvous points into the domain. This can result in a denial of service by traffic flooding or result in the unauthorized transfer of data.
Checks: C-22769r408956_chk

Step 1: Verify all interfaces enabled for PIM have a neighbor ACL bound to the interface as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet1/1 no switchport ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0 ip pim neighbor-filter PIM_NEIGHBORS ip pim sparse-mode Step 2: Review the configured ACL for filtering PIM neighbors as shown in the example below: ip access-list standard PIM_NEIGHBORS permit 10.1.2.6 If PIM neighbor ACLs are not bound to all interfaces that have PIM enabled, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22758r408957_fix

Configure neighbor ACLs to only accept PIM control plane traffic from documented PIM neighbors. Bind neighbor ACLs to all PIM enabled interfaces. Step 1: Configure ACL for PIM neighbors. SW2(config)#ip access-list standard PIM_NEIGHBORS SW2(config-std-nacl)#permit 10.1.2.6 SW2(config-std-nacl)#exit Step 2: Apply the ACL to all interfaces enabled for PIM. SW2(config)#int g1/1 SW2(config-if)#ip pim neighbor-filter PIM_NEIGHBORS

a
The Cisco multicast edge switch must be configured to establish boundaries for administratively scoped multicast traffic.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-001414 - V-221055 - SV-221055r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001414
Version
CISC-RT-000810
Vuln IDs
  • V-221055
  • V-101827
Rule IDs
  • SV-221055r622190_rule
  • SV-110931
If multicast traffic is forwarded beyond the intended boundary, it is possible that it can be intercepted by unauthorized or unintended personnel. Administrative scoped multicast addresses are locally assigned and are to be used exclusively by the enterprise network or enclave. Administrative scoped multicast traffic must not cross the enclave perimeter in either direction. Restricting multicast traffic makes it more difficult for a malicious user to access sensitive traffic. Admin-Local scope is encouraged for any multicast traffic within a network intended for network management, as well as for control plane traffic that must reach beyond link-local destinations.
Checks: C-22770r408959_chk

Review the switch configuration and verify that admin-scope multicast traffic is blocked at the external edge as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet1/2 ip address x.1.12.2 255.255.255.252 ip pim sparse-mode ip multicast boundary MULTICAST_SCOPE … … … ip access-list standard MULTICAST_SCOPE deny 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 permit any If the switch is not configured to establish boundaries for administratively scoped multicast traffic, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22759r408960_fix

Step 1: Configure the ACL to deny packets with multicast administratively scoped destination addresses as shown in the example below: SW2(config)#ip access-list standard MULTICAST_SCOPE SW2(config-std-nacl)#deny 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 SW2(config-std-nacl)#permit any SW2(config-std-nacl)#exit Step 2: Apply the multicast boundary at the appropriate interfaces as shown in the example below: SW2(config)#int g1/2 SW2(config-if)#ip multicast boundary MULTICAST_SCOPE SW2(config-if)#end

a
The Cisco multicast Rendezvous Point (RP) switch must be configured to limit the multicast forwarding cache so that its resources are not saturated by managing an overwhelming number of Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) and Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) source-active entries.
SC-5 - Low - CCI-002385 - V-221056 - SV-221056r863379_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000820
Vuln IDs
  • V-221056
  • V-101829
Rule IDs
  • SV-221056r863379_rule
  • SV-110933
MSDP peering between networks enables sharing of multicast source information. Enclaves with an existing multicast topology using PIM-SM can configure their RP switches to peer with MSDP switches. As a first step of defense against a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, all RP switches must limit the multicast forwarding cache to ensure that switch resources are not saturated managing an overwhelming number of PIM and MSDP source-active entries.
Checks: C-22771r507600_chk

The Cisco switch does not have a mechanism to limit the multicast forwarding cache. However, the risk associated with this requirement can be fully mitigated by configuring the switch to: 1. Filter PIM register messages. 2. Rate limiting the number of PIM register messages. 3. Accept MSDP packets only from known MSDP peers. Step 1: Verify that the RP is configured to filter PIM register messages for any undesirable multicast groups and sources. The example below will deny any multicast streams for groups 239.5.0.0/16 and allow from only sources x.1.2.6 and x.1.2.7. ip pim rp-address 10.1.12.3 ip pim accept-register list PIM_REGISTER_FILTER … … … ip access-list extended PIM_REGISTER_FILTER deny ip any 239.5.0.0 0.0.255.255 permit ip host x.1.2.6 any permit ip host x.1.2.7 any deny ip any any Step 2: Verify that the RP is configured to rate limiting the number of PIM register messages as shown in the example below: ip pim rp-address 10.2.2.2 ip pim register-rate-limit nn Step 3: Review the switch configuration to determine if there is a receive path or interface filter to only accept MSDP packets from known MSDP peers as shown in the example below: Step 3a: Verify that interfaces used for MSDP peering have an inbound ACL as shown in the example. interface GigabitEthernet1/1 ip address x.1.28.8 255.255.255.0 ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND in ip pim sparse-mode Step 3b: Verify that the ACL restricts MSDP peering to only known sources. ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 eq 639 deny tcp any host x.1.28.8 eq 639 log permit tcp host x.1.28.2 host 10.1.28.8 eq bgp permit tcp host x.1.28.2 eq bgp host x.1.28.8 permit pim host x.1.28.2 pim host x.1.28.8 … … … deny ip any any log Note: MSDP connections is via TCP port 639. If the RP switch is not configured to filter PIM register messages, rate limiting the number of PIM register messages, and accept MSDP packets only from known MSDP peers, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22760r507601_fix

The risk associated with this requirement can be fully mitigated by configuring the switch to filter PIM register messages, rate limiting the number of PIM register messages, and accept MSDP packets only from known MSDP peers. Step 1: Configure the switch to filter PIM register messages received from a multicast DR for any undesirable multicast groups and sources. The example below will deny any multicast streams for groups 239.5.0.0/16 and allow from only sources x.1.2.6 and x.1.2.7. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended PIM_REGISTER_FILTER SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 239.5.0.0 0.0.255.255 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host x.1.2.6 any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host x.1.2.7 any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#ip pim accept-register list PIM_REGISTER_FILTER SW1(config)#end Step 2: Configure the RP to rate limit the number of multicast register messages. SW1(config)#ip pim register-rate-limit nn Step 3: Configure the receive path or interface ACLs to only accept MSDP packets from known MSDP peers. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any established SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 eq 639 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny tcp any host x.1.28.8 eq 639 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 eq bgp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.1.28.2 eq bgp host x.1.28.8 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit pim host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any

a
The Cisco multicast Rendezvous Point (RP) switch must be configured to filter Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Register messages received from the Designated switch (DR) for any undesirable multicast groups and sources.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-001414 - V-221057 - SV-221057r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001414
Version
CISC-RT-000830
Vuln IDs
  • V-221057
  • V-101831
Rule IDs
  • SV-221057r622190_rule
  • SV-110935
Real-time multicast traffic can entail multiple large flows of data. An attacker can flood a network segment with multicast packets, over-using the available bandwidth and thereby creating a denial-of-service (DoS) condition. Hence, it is imperative that register messages are accepted only for authorized multicast groups and sources.
Checks: C-22772r408965_chk

Verify that the RP is configured to filter PIM register messages. The example below will deny any multicast streams for groups 239.5.0.0/16 and allow from only sources x.1.2.6 and x.1.2.7. ip pim rp-address 10.1.12.3 ip pim accept-register list PIM_REGISTER_FILTER … … … ip access-list extended PIM_REGISTER_FILTER deny ip any 239.5.0.0 0.0.255.255 permit ip host x.1.2.6 any permit ip host x.1.2.7 any deny ip any any If the RP switch peering with PIM-SM switches is not configured with a policy to block registration messages for any undesirable multicast groups and sources, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22761r408966_fix

Configure the switch to filter PIM register messages received from a multicast DR for any undesirable multicast groups and sources. The example below will deny any multicast streams for groups 239.5.0.0/16 and allow from only sources x.1.2.6 and x.1.2.7. SW2(config)#ip access-list extended PIM_REGISTER_FILTER SW2(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 239.5.0.0 0.0.255.255 SW2(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host x.1.2.6 any SW2(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host x.1.2.7 any SW2(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW2(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW2(config)#ip pim accept-register list PIM_REGISTER_FILTER SW2(config)#end

a
The Cisco multicast Rendezvous Point (RP) switch must be configured to filter Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Join messages received from the Designated Cisco switch (DR) for any undesirable multicast groups.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-001414 - V-221058 - SV-221058r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001414
Version
CISC-RT-000840
Vuln IDs
  • V-221058
  • V-101833
Rule IDs
  • SV-221058r622190_rule
  • SV-110937
Real-time multicast traffic can entail multiple large flows of data. An attacker can flood a network segment with multicast packets, over-using the available bandwidth and thereby creating a denial-of-service (DoS) condition. Hence, it is imperative that join messages are only accepted for authorized multicast groups.
Checks: C-22773r408968_chk

Verify that the RP is configured to filter PIM join messages for any undesirable multicast groups. In the example below, groups from 239.8.0.0/16 are not allowed. ip pim rp-address 10.2.2.2 ip pim accept-rp 10.2.2.2 FILTER_PIM_JOINS … … … ip access-list standard FILTER_PIM_JOINS deny 239.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 permit any ! If the RP is not configured to filter join messages received from the DR for any undesirable multicast groups, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22762r408969_fix

Configure the RP to filter PIM join messages for any undesirable multicast groups as shown in the example below: SW2(config)#ip access-list standard PIM_JOIN_FILTER SW2(config-std-nacl)#deny 239.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 SW2(config-std-nacl)#permit any SW2(config-std-nacl)#exit SW2(config)#ip pim accept-rp 10.2.2.2 PIM_JOIN_FILTER SW2(config)#end

b
The Cisco multicast Rendezvous Point (RP) must be configured to rate limit the number of Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Register messages.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-221059 - SV-221059r856422_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000850
Vuln IDs
  • V-221059
  • V-101835
Rule IDs
  • SV-221059r856422_rule
  • SV-110939
When a new source starts transmitting in a PIM Sparse Mode network, the DR will encapsulate the multicast packets into register messages and forward them to the RP using unicast. This process can be taxing on the CPU for both the DR and the RP if the source is running at a high data rate and there are many new sources starting at the same time. This scenario can potentially occur immediately after a network failover. The rate limit for the number of register messages should be set to a relatively low value based on the known number of multicast sources within the multicast domain.
Checks: C-22774r408971_chk

Review the configuration of the RP to verify that it is rate limiting the number of PIM register messages. ip pim rp-address 10.2.2.2 ip pim register-rate-limit nn If the RP is not limiting PIM register messages, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22763r408972_fix

Configure the RP to rate limit the number of multicast register messages. SW2(config)#ip pim register-rate-limit nn

a
The Cisco multicast Designated switch (DR) must be configured to filter the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Report messages to allow hosts to join only multicast groups that have been approved by the organization.
SC-7 - Low - CCI-002403 - V-221060 - SV-221060r863380_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000860
Vuln IDs
  • V-221060
  • V-101837
Rule IDs
  • SV-221060r863380_rule
  • SV-110941
Real-time multicast traffic can entail multiple large flows of data. Large unicast flows tend to be fairly isolated (i.e., someone doing a file download here or there), whereas multicast can have broader impact on bandwidth consumption, resulting in extreme network congestion. Hence, it is imperative that there is multicast admission control to restrict which multicast groups hosts are allowed to join via IGMP or MLD.
Checks: C-22775r507603_chk

Review the configuration of the DR to verify that it is filtering IGMP or MLD Membership Report messages, allowing hosts to join only those groups that have been approved. Step 1: Verify that all host-facing layer 3 and VLAN interfaces are configured to filter IGMP Membership Report messages (IGMP joins) as shown in the example below: interface Vlan3 ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode ip igmp access-group IGMP_JOIN_FILTER ip igmp version 3 Step 2: Verify that the ACL denies unauthorized groups or permits only authorized groups. The example below denies all groups from 239.8.0.0/16 range. ip access-list standard IGMP_JOIN_FILTER deny 239.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 permit any Note: This requirement is only applicable to Source Specific Multicast (SSM) implementation. This requirement is not applicable to Any Source Multicast (ASM) since the filtering is being performed by the Rendezvous Point switch. If the DR is not filtering IGMP or MLD Membership Report messages, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22764r507604_fix

Configure the DR to filter the IGMP or MLD Membership Report messages to allow hosts to join only those multicast groups that have been approved. Step 1: Configure the ACL to filter IGMP Membership Report messages as shown in the example below: SW2(config)#ip access-list standard IGMP_JOIN_FILTER SW2(config-std-nacl)#deny 239.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 SW2(config-std-nacl)#permit any SW2(config-std-nacl)#exit Step 2: Apply the filter to all host-facing layer 3 and VLAN interfaces. SW2(config)#int vlan3 SW2(config-if)#ip igmp access-group IGMP_JOIN_FILTER

b
The Cisco multicast Designated switch (DR) must be configured to filter the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Report messages to allow hosts to join a multicast group only from sources that have been approved by the organization.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-221061 - SV-221061r863381_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000870
Vuln IDs
  • V-221061
  • V-101839
Rule IDs
  • SV-221061r863381_rule
  • SV-110943
Real-time multicast traffic can entail multiple large flows of data. Large unicast flows tend to be fairly isolated (i.e., someone doing a file download here or there), whereas multicast can have broader impact on bandwidth consumption, resulting in extreme network congestion. Hence, it is imperative that there is multicast admission control to restrict which multicast groups hosts are allowed to join via IGMP or MLD.
Checks: C-22776r507606_chk

Review the configuration of the DR to verify that it is filtering IGMP or MLD report messages, allowing hosts to only join multicast groups from sources that have been approved. Step 1: Verify that all host-facing layer 3 and VLAN interfaces are configured to filter IGMP Membership Report messages (IGMP joins) as shown in the example below: interface Vlan3 ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode ip igmp access-group IGMP_JOIN_FILTER ip igmp version 3 Step 2: Verify that the ACL denies unauthorized sources or allows only authorized sources. The example below denies all groups from 232.8.0.0/16 range and permits sources only from the x.0.0.0/8 network. ip access-list extended IGMP_JOIN_FILTER deny ip any 232.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 permit ip x.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any deny ip any any Note: This requirement is only applicable to Source Specific Multicast (SSM) implementation. If the DR is not filtering IGMP or MLD report messages, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22765r507607_fix

Configure the DR to filter the IGMP and MLD report messages to allow hosts to join only those multicast groups from sources that have been approved as shown in the example below: SW2(config)#ip access-list extended IGMP_JOIN_FILTER SW2(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 232.8.0.0 0.0.255.255 SW2(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip x.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any SW2(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any SW2(config-ext-nacl)#exit Step 2: Apply the filter to all host-facing layer 3 and VLAN interfaces. SW2(config)#int vlan3 SW2(config-if)#ip igmp access-group IGMP_JOIN_FILTER

b
The Cisco multicast Designated switch (DR) must be configured to limit the number of mroute states resulting from Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Host Membership Reports.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-221062 - SV-221062r856425_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000880
Vuln IDs
  • V-221062
  • V-101841
Rule IDs
  • SV-221062r856425_rule
  • SV-110945
The current multicast paradigm can let any host join any multicast group at any time by sending an IGMP or MLD membership report to the DR. In a Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Sparse Mode network, the DR will send a PIM Join message for the group to the RP. Without any form of admission control, this can pose a security risk to the entire multicast domain, specifically the multicast switches along the shared tree from the DR to the RP that must maintain the mroute state information for each group join request. Hence, it is imperative that the DR is configured to limit the number of mroute state information that must be maintained to mitigate the risk of IGMP or MLD flooding.
Checks: C-22777r408980_chk

Review the DR configuration to verify that it is limiting the number of mroute states via IGMP or MLD. Verify IGMP limits have been configured globally or on each host-facing layer 3 and VLAN interface via the ip igmp limit command as shown in the example below: interface Vlan3 ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 … … … ip igmp limit nn If the DR is not limiting multicast join requests via IGMP or MLD on a global or interfaces basis, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22766r408981_fix

Configure the DR on a global or interface basis to limit the number of mroute states resulting from IGMP or MLD membership reports. SW2(config)#int vlan3 SW2(config-if)#ip igmp limit 2

b
The Cisco multicast Designated switch (DR) must be configured to set the shortest-path tree (SPT) threshold to infinity to minimalize source-group (S, G) state within the multicast topology where Any Source Multicast (ASM) is deployed.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - V-221063 - SV-221063r856426_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
CISC-RT-000890
Vuln IDs
  • V-221063
  • V-101843
Rule IDs
  • SV-221063r856426_rule
  • SV-110947
ASM can have many sources for the same groups (many-to-many). For many receivers, the path via the RP may not be ideal compared with the shortest path from the source to the receiver. By default, the last-hop switch will initiate a switch from the shared tree to a source-specific SPT to obtain lower latencies. This is accomplished by the last-hop switch sending an (S, G) Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Join toward S (the source). When the last-hop switch begins to receive traffic for the group from the source via the SPT, it will send a PIM Prune message to the RP for the (S, G). The RP will then send a Prune message toward the source. The SPT switchover becomes a scaling issue for large multicast topologies that have many receivers and many sources for many groups because (S, G) entries require more memory than (*, G). Hence, it is imperative to minimize the amount of (S, G) state to be maintained by increasing the threshold that determines when the SPT switchover occurs.
Checks: C-22778r408983_chk

Review the DR configuration to verify that the SPT switchover threshold is increased (default is "0") or set to infinity (never switch over). ip pim rp-address 10.2.2.2 ip pim spt-threshold infinity If the DR is not configured to increase the SPT threshold or set to infinity to minimalize (S, G) state, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22767r408984_fix

Configure the DR to increase the SPT threshold or set it to infinity to minimalize (S, G) state within the multicast topology where ASM is deployed. SW2(config)#ip pim spt-threshold infinity

b
The Cisco Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) switch must be configured to only accept MSDP packets from known MSDP peers.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-221064 - SV-221064r856427_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000900
Vuln IDs
  • V-221064
  • V-101845
Rule IDs
  • SV-221064r856427_rule
  • SV-110949
MSDP peering with customer network switches presents additional risks to the DISN Core, whether from a rogue or misconfigured MSDP-enabled switch. To guard against an attack from malicious MSDP traffic, the receive path or interface filter for all MSDP-enabled RP switches must be configured to only accept MSDP packets from known MSDP peers.
Checks: C-22779r408986_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if there is a receive path or interface filter to only accept MSDP packets from known MSDP peers. Step 1: Verify that interfaces used for MSDP peering have an inbound ACL as shown in the example below: interface GigabitEthernet1/1 no switchport ip address x.1.28.8 255.255.255.0 ip access-group EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND in ip pim sparse-mode Step 2: Verify that the ACL restricts MSDP peering to only known sources. ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND permit tcp any any established permit tcp host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 eq 639 deny tcp any host x.1.28.8 eq 639 log permit tcp host x.1.28.2 host 10.1.28.8 eq bgp permit tcp host x.1.28.2 eq bgp host x.1.28.8 permit pim host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 … … … deny ip any any log Note: MSDP connections is via TCP port 639. If the switch is not configured to only accept MSDP packets from known MSDP peers, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22768r408987_fix

Configure the receive path or interface ACLs to only accept MSDP packets from known MSDP peers. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTERNAL_ACL_INBOUND SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any established SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 eq 639 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny tcp any host x1.28.8 eq 639 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 eq bgp SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host x.1.28.2 eq bgp host x.1.28.8 SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit pim host x.1.28.2 host x.1.28.8 … … … SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any

b
The Cisco Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) switch must be configured to authenticate all received MSDP packets.
IA-3 - Medium - CCI-001958 - V-221065 - SV-221065r856428_rule
RMF Control
IA-3
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-001958
Version
CISC-RT-000910
Vuln IDs
  • V-221065
  • V-101847
Rule IDs
  • SV-221065r856428_rule
  • SV-110951
MSDP peering with customer network switches presents additional risks to the core, whether from a rogue or misconfigured MSDP-enabled switch. MSDP password authentication is used to validate each segment sent on the TCP connection between MSDP peers, protecting the MSDP session against the threat of spoofed packets being injected into the TCP connection stream.
Checks: C-22780r408989_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if received MSDP packets are authenticated. ip msdp peer x.1.28.8 remote-as 8 ip msdp password peer x.1.28.8 xxxxxxxxxxxx If the switch does not require MSDP authentication, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22769r408990_fix

Configure the switch to authenticate MSDP messages as shown in the following example: SW2(config)#ip msdp password peer x.1.28.8 xxxxxxxxxxxx

a
The Cisco Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) switch must be configured to filter received source-active multicast advertisements for any undesirable multicast groups and sources.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-001368 - V-221066 - SV-221066r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001368
Version
CISC-RT-000920
Vuln IDs
  • V-221066
  • V-101849
Rule IDs
  • SV-221066r622190_rule
  • SV-110953
The interoperability of BGP extensions for interdomain multicast routing and MSDP enables seamless connectivity of multicast domains between autonomous systems. MP-BGP advertises the unicast prefixes of the multicast sources used by Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) switches to perform RPF checks and build multicast distribution trees. MSDP is a mechanism used to connect multiple PIM sparse-mode domains, allowing RPs from different domains to share information about active sources. When RPs in peering multicast domains hear about active sources, they can pass on that information to their local receivers, thereby allowing multicast data to be forwarded between the domains. Configuring an import policy to block multicast advertisements for reserved, Martian, single-source multicast, and any other undesirable multicast groups, as well as any source-group (S, G) states with Bogon source addresses, would assist in avoiding unwanted multicast traffic from traversing the core.
Checks: C-22781r408992_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if there is import policy to block source-active multicast advertisements for any undesirable multicast groups, as well as any (S, G) states with undesirable source addresses. Step 1: Verify that an inbound source-active filter is bound to each MSDP peer. ip msdp peer x.1.28.2 remote-as 2 ip msdp sa-filter in x.1.28.2 list INBOUND_MSDP_SA_FILTER Step 2: Review the access lists referenced by the source-active filter to verify that undesirable multicast groups, auto-RP, single source multicast (SSM) groups, and advertisements from undesirable sources are blocked. ip access-list extended INBOUND_MSDP_SA_FILTER deny ip any host 224.0.1.3 deny ip any host 224.0.1.24 deny ip any host 224.0.1.22 deny ip any host 224.0.1.2 deny ip any host 224.0.1.35 deny ip any host 224.0.1.60 deny ip any host 224.0.1.39 deny ip any host 224.0.1.40 deny ip any 232.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 deny ip any 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any permit ip any any If the switch is not configured with an import policy to filter undesirable SA multicast advertisements, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22770r408993_fix

Configure the MSDP switch to filter received source-active multicast advertisements for any undesirable multicast groups and sources as shown in the example below: SW1(config)#ip access-list extended INBOUND_MSDP_SA_FILTER SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 224.0.1.3 ! Rwhod SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 224.0.1.24 ! Microsoft-ds SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 224.0.1.22 ! SVRLOC SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 224.0.1.2 ! SGI-Dogfight SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 224.0.1.35 ! SVRLOC-DA SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 224.0.1.60 ! hp-device-disc SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 224.0.1.39 ! Auto-RP SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any host 224.0.1.40 ! Auto-RP SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 232.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 ! SSM range SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 ! Admin scoped range SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any ! RFC 1918 address range SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any ! RFC 1918 address range SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any ! RFC 1918 address range SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any ! RFC 1918 address range SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#ip msdp sa-filter in x.1.28.2 list INBOUND_MSDP_SA_FILTER

a
The Cisco Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) switch must be configured to filter source-active multicast advertisements to external MSDP peers to avoid global visibility of local-only multicast sources and groups.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-001368 - V-221067 - SV-221067r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001368
Version
CISC-RT-000930
Vuln IDs
  • V-221067
  • V-101851
Rule IDs
  • SV-221067r622190_rule
  • SV-110955
To avoid global visibility of local information, there are a number of source-group (S, G) states in a PIM-SM domain that must not be leaked to another domain, such as multicast sources with private address, administratively scoped multicast addresses, and the auto-RP groups (224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40). Allowing a multicast distribution tree, local to the core, to extend beyond its boundary could enable local multicast traffic to leak into other autonomous systems and customer networks.
Checks: C-22782r408995_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if there is export policy to block local source-active multicast advertisements. Step 1: Verify that an outbound source-active filter is bound to each MSDP peer as shown in the example below: ip msdp peer 10.1.28.8 remote-as 8 ip msdp sa-filter out 10.1.28.8 list OUTBOUND_MSDP_SA_FILTER Step 2: Review the access lists referenced by the source-active filters and verify that MSDP source-active messages being sent to MSDP peers do not leak advertisements that are local. ip access-list extended OUTBOUND_MSDP_SA_FILTER deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any permit ip any any If the switch is not configured with an export policy to filter local source-active multicast advertisements, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22771r408996_fix

Configure the switch with an export policy avoid global visibility of local multicast (S, G) states. The example below will prevent exporting multicast active sources belonging to the private network. SW1(config)#ip access-list extended OUTBOUND_MSDP_SA_FILTER SW1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip any any SW1(config-ext-nacl)#exit SW1(config)#ip msdp sa-filter in x.1.28.2 list OUTBOUND_MSDP_SA_FILTER

a
The Cisco Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) switch must be configured to limit the amount of source-active messages it accepts on a per-peer basis.
AC-4 - Low - CCI-001368 - V-221068 - SV-221068r622190_rule
RMF Control
AC-4
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-001368
Version
CISC-RT-000940
Vuln IDs
  • V-221068
  • V-101853
Rule IDs
  • SV-221068r622190_rule
  • SV-110957
To reduce any risk of a denial-of-service (DoS) attack from a rogue or misconfigured MSDP switch, the switch must be configured to limit the number of source-active messages it accepts from each peer.
Checks: C-22783r408998_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if it is configured to limit the amount of source-active messages it accepts on a per-peer basis. ip msdp peer x.1.28.2 remote-as nn ip msdp sa-filter in 10.1.28.2 list MSDP_SA_FILTER ip msdp sa-limit X.1.28.2 nnn If the switch is not configured to limit the source-active messages it accepts, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22772r408999_fix

Configure the switch to limit the amount of source-active messages it accepts from each peer. SW1(config)#ip msdp sa-limit x.1.28.2 nnn

a
The Cisco Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) switch must be configured to use a loopback address as the source address when originating MSDP traffic.
CM-6 - Low - CCI-000366 - V-221069 - SV-221069r622190_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000950
Vuln IDs
  • V-221069
  • V-101855
Rule IDs
  • SV-221069r622190_rule
  • SV-110959
Using a loopback address as the source address offers a multitude of uses for security, access, management, and scalability of MSDP switches. It is easier to construct appropriate ingress filters for switch management plane traffic destined to the network management subnet since the source addresses will be from the range used for loopback interfaces instead of a larger range of addresses used for physical interfaces. Log information recorded by authentication and syslog servers will record the switch’s loopback address instead of the numerous physical interface addresses.
Checks: C-22784r409001_chk

Step 1: Review the switch configuration to verify that a loopback address has been configured. interface Loopback12 ip address x.12.2.2 255.255.255.255 Step 2: Verify that the loopback interface is used as the source address for all MSDP packets generated by the switch. ip msdp peer x.44.2.34 connect-source Loopback12 remote-as nn If the switch does not use its loopback address as the source address when originating MSDP traffic, this is a finding.

Fix: F-22773r409002_fix

Configure the switch to use its loopback address is used as the source address when sending MSDP packets. SW2(config)#ip msdp peer x.44.2.34 connect-source lo12 remote-as nn

b
The Cisco switch must be configured to have Cisco Express Forwarding enabled.
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-237750 - SV-237750r648776_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000235
Vuln IDs
  • V-237750
Rule IDs
  • SV-237750r648776_rule
The Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) switching mode replaces the traditional Cisco routing cache with a data structure that mirrors the entire system routing table. Because there is no need to build cache entries when traffic starts arriving for new destinations, CEF behaves more predictably when presented with large volumes of traffic addressed to many destinations such as a SYN flood attacks that. Because many SYN flood attacks use randomized source addresses to which the hosts under attack will reply to, there can be a substantial amount of traffic for a large number of destinations that the switch will have to handle. Consequently, switches configured for CEF will perform better under SYN floods directed at hosts inside the network than switches using the traditional cache.
Checks: C-40969r648773_chk

Review the switch to verify that CEF is enabled. IPv4 Example: ip cef IPv6 Example: ipv6 cef If the switch is not configured to have CEF enabled, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40931r648774_fix

Enable CEF IPv4 Example: ip cef IPv6 Example: ipv6 cef

a
The Cisco switch must be configured to advertise a hop limit of at least 32 in Switch Advertisement messages for IPv6 stateless auto-configuration deployments.
CM-6 - Low - CCI-000366 - V-237752 - SV-237752r648780_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Low
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000236
Vuln IDs
  • V-237752
Rule IDs
  • SV-237752r648780_rule
The Neighbor Discovery protocol allows a hop limit value to be advertised by routers in a Router Advertisement message being used by hosts instead of the standardized default value. If a very small value was configured and advertised to hosts on the LAN segment, communications would fail due to the hop limit reaching zero before the packets sent by a host reached its destination.
Checks: C-40970r648777_chk

Review the switch configuration to determine if the hop limit has been configured for Router Advertisement messages as shown in the example. ipv6 hop-limit 128 If hop-limit has been configured and has not been set to at least 32, it is a finding.

Fix: F-40932r648778_fix

Configure the switch to advertise a hop limit of at least 32 in Router Advertisement messages as shown in the example. SW1(config)#ipv6 hop-limit 128

b
The Cisco switch must not be configured to use IPv6 Site Local Unicast addresses.
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-237756 - SV-237756r648787_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000237
Vuln IDs
  • V-237756
Rule IDs
  • SV-237756r648787_rule
As currently defined, site local addresses are ambiguous and can be present in multiple sites. The address itself does not contain any indication of the site to which it belongs. The use of site-local addresses has the potential to adversely affect network security through leaks, ambiguity, and potential misrouting as documented in section 2 of RFC3879. RFC3879 formally deprecates the IPv6 site-local unicast prefix FEC0::/10 as defined in RFC3513.
Checks: C-40973r648784_chk

Review the switch configuration to ensure FEC0::/10 IPv6 addresses are not defined. If IPv6 Site Local Unicast addresses are defined, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40935r648785_fix

Configure the switch using only authorized IPv6 addresses.

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to suppress Router Advertisements on all external IPv6-enabled interfaces.
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - V-237759 - SV-237759r648792_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
CISC-RT-000391
Vuln IDs
  • V-237759
Rule IDs
  • SV-237759r648792_rule
Many of the known attacks in stateless autoconfiguration are defined in RFC 3756 were present in IPv4 ARP attacks. To mitigate these vulnerabilities, links that have no hosts connected such as the interface connecting to external gateways must be configured to suppress router advertisements.
Checks: C-40974r648789_chk

This requirement is not applicable for the DODIN Backbone. Review the switch configuration to verify that Router Advertisements are suppressed on all external IPv6-enabled interfaces as shown in the example below. interface gigabitethernet1/0 ipv6 address 2001::1:0:22/64 ipv6 nd ra suppress If the switch is not configured to suppress Router Advertisements on all external IPv6-enabled interfaces, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40936r648790_fix

Configure the switch to suppress Router Advertisements on all external IPv6-enabled interfaces as shown in the example below. SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ipv6 nd ra suppress SW1(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to drop IPv6 undetermined transport packets.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-237762 - SV-237762r856663_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000392
Vuln IDs
  • V-237762
Rule IDs
  • SV-237762r856663_rule
One of the fragmentation weaknesses known in IPv6 is the undetermined transport packet. This packet contains an undetermined protocol due to fragmentation. Depending on the length of the IPv6 extension header chain, the initial fragment may not contain the layer four port information of the packet.
Checks: C-40976r856253_chk

This requirement is not applicable for the DODIN Backbone. Review the switch configuration to determine if it is configured to drop IPv6 undetermined transport packets. Step 1: Verify that an inbound IPv6 ACL has been configured on the external interface. interface gigabitethernet1/0 ipv6 address 2001::1:0:22/64 ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 in Step 2: Verify that the ACL drops undetermined transport packets as shown in the example below. ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 deny ipv6 any any log undetermined-transport permit ipv6 … … … … deny ipv6 any any log If the switch is not configured to drop IPv6 undetermined transport packets, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40938r856254_fix

Configure the switch to drop IPv6 undetermined transport packets as shown in the example below. SW1(config)#ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny ipv6 any any undetermined-transport log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#permit ipv6 … … … … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny ipv6 any any log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 in

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured drop IPv6 packets with a Routing Header type 0, 1, or 3-255.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-237764 - SV-237764r856665_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000393
Vuln IDs
  • V-237764
Rule IDs
  • SV-237764r856665_rule
The routing header can be used maliciously to send a packet through a path where less robust security is in place, rather than through the presumably preferred path of routing protocols. Use of the routing extension header has few legitimate uses other than as implemented by Mobile IPv6. The Type 0 Routing Header (RFC 5095) is dangerous because it allows attackers to spoof source addresses and obtain traffic in response, rather than the real owner of the address. Secondly, a packet with an allowed destination address could be sent through a Firewall using the Routing Header functionality, only to bounce to a different node once inside. The Type 1 Routing Header is defined by a specification called "Nimrod Routing", a discontinued project funded by DARPA. Assuming that most implementations will not recognize the Type 1 Routing Header, it must be dropped. The Type 3–255 Routing Header values in the routing type field are currently undefined and should be dropped inbound and outbound.
Checks: C-40977r856256_chk

This requirement is not applicable for the DODIN Backbone. Review the switch configuration to determine if it is configured to drop IPv6 packets containing a Routing Header of type 0, 1, or 3-255. Step 1: Verify that an inbound IPv6 ACL has been configured on the external interface. interface gigabitethernet1/0 ipv6 address 2001::1:0:22/64 ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 in Step 2: Verify that the ACL drops IPv6 packets with a Routing Header type 0, 1, or 3-255 as shown in the example below. ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 permit ipv6 any host 2001:DB8::1:1:1234 routing-type 2 deny ipv6 any any log routing permit ipv6 … … … … deny ipv6 any any log Note: The example above allows routing-type 2 in the event Mobility IPv6 is deployed. If the switch is not configured to drop IPv6 packets containing a Routing Header of type 0, 1, or 3-255, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40939r856257_fix

Configure the switch to drop IPv6 packets with Routing Header of type 0, 1, or 3-255 as shown in the example below. SW1(config)#ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#permit ipv6 any host 2001:DB8::0:1:1:1234 routing-type 2 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny ipv6 any any routing log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#permit … … … … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny ipv6 any any log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to drop IPv6 packets containing a Hop-by-Hop header with invalid option type values.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-237766 - SV-237766r856667_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000394
Vuln IDs
  • V-237766
Rule IDs
  • SV-237766r856667_rule
These options are intended to be for the Destination Options header only. The optional and extensible natures of the IPv6 extension headers require higher scrutiny since many implementations do not always drop packets with headers that it cannot recognize and hence could cause a Denial-of-Service on the target device. In addition, the type, length, value (TLV) formatting provides the ability for headers to be very large.
Checks: C-40978r856259_chk

This requirement is not applicable for the DODIN Backbone. Review the switch configuration to determine if it is compliant with this requirement. Step 1: Verify that an inbound IPv6 ACL has been configured on the external interface. interface gigabitethernet1/0 ipv6 address 2001::1:0:22/64 ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 in Step 2: Verify that the ACL drops IPv6 packets containing a Hop-by-Hop header with option type values of 0x04 (Tunnel Encapsulation Limit), 0xC9 (Home Address Destination), or 0xC3 (NSAP Address) as shown in the example below. ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 deny hbh any any dest-option-type 4 log deny hbh any any dest-option-type 195 log deny hbh any any dest-option-type home-address log permit ipv6 … … … … deny ipv6 any any log If the switch is not configured to drop IPv6 packets containing a Hop-by-Hop header with invalid option type values, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40940r856260_fix

Configure the switch to drop IPv6 packets containing a Hop-by-Hop header with invalid option type values as shown in the example below. SW1(config)#ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny hbh any any dest-option-type 4 log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny hbh any any dest-option-type 195 log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny hbh any any dest-option-type home-address log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)# permit ipv6 … … … … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny ipv6 any any log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to drop IPv6 packets containing a Destination Option header with invalid option type values.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-237772 - SV-237772r856669_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000395
Vuln IDs
  • V-237772
Rule IDs
  • SV-237772r856669_rule
These options are intended to be for the Hop-by-Hop header only. The optional and extensible natures of the IPv6 extension headers require higher scrutiny since many implementations do not always drop packets with headers that it cannot recognize. Hence, this could cause a Denial-of-Service on the target device. In addition, the type, length, value (TLV) formatting provides the ability for headers to be very large.
Checks: C-40985r856262_chk

This requirement is not applicable for the DODIN Backbone. Review the switch configuration to determine if it is compliant with this requirement. Step 1: Verify that an inbound IPv6 ACL has been configured on the external interface. interface gigabitethernet1/0 ipv6 address 2001::1:0:22/64 ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 in Step 2: Verify that the ACL drops IPv6 packets containing a Destination Option header with option type values of 0x05 (Switch Alert) or 0xC2 (Jumbo Payload) as shown in the example below. ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 deny 60 any any dest-option-type 5 log deny 60 any any dest-option-type 194 log permit ipv6 … … … … deny ipv6 any any log If the switch is not configured to drop IPv6 packets containing a Destination Option header with option type values of 0x05 (Switch Alert) or 0xC2 (Jumbo Payload), this is a finding.

Fix: F-40944r856263_fix

Configure the switch to drop IPv6 packets containing a Destination Option header with option type values of 0x05 (Switch Alert) or 0xC2 (Jumbo Payload) as shown in the example below. SW1(config)#ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny 60 any any dest-option-type 5 log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny 60 any any dest-option-type 194 log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#permit … … … … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny ipv6 any any log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to drop IPv6 packets containing an extension header with the Endpoint Identification option.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-237774 - SV-237774r856671_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000396
Vuln IDs
  • V-237774
Rule IDs
  • SV-237774r856671_rule
The optional and extensible natures of the IPv6 extension headers require higher scrutiny since many implementations do not always drop packets with headers that it cannot recognize, and hence could cause a Denial-of-Service on the target device. In addition, the type, length, value (TLV) formatting provides the ability for headers to be very large. This option type is associated with the Nimrod Routing system and has no defining RFC document.
Checks: C-40986r856265_chk

This requirement is not applicable for the DODIN Backbone. Review the switch configuration to determine if it is compliant with this requirement. Step 1: Verify that an inbound IPv6 ACL has been configured on the external interface. interface gigabitethernet1/0 ipv6 address 2001::1:0:22/64 ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 in Step 2: Verify that the ACL drops IPv6 packets containing an extension header with the Endpoint Identification option as shown in the example below. ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 deny any any dest-option-type 138 log permit ipv6 … … … … deny ipv6 any any log If the switch is not configured to drop IPv6 packets containing an extension header with the Endpoint Identification option, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40945r856266_fix

Configure the switch to drop IPv6 packets containing an option type values of 0x8A (Endpoint Identification) regardless of whether it appears in a Hop-by-Hop or Destination Option header as shown in the example below. SW1(config)#ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 138 log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#permit ipv6 … … … … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)# deny ipv6 any any log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to drop IPv6 packets containing the NSAP address option within Destination Option header.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-237776 - SV-237776r856673_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000397
Vuln IDs
  • V-237776
Rule IDs
  • SV-237776r856673_rule
The optional and extensible natures of the IPv6 extension headers require higher scrutiny since many implementations do not always drop packets with headers that it cannot recognize, and hence could cause a Denial-of-Service on the target device. In addition, the type, length, value (TLV) formatting provides the ability for headers to be very large. This option type from RFC 1888 (OSI NSAPs and IPv6) has been deprecated by RFC 4048.
Checks: C-40987r856268_chk

This requirement is not applicable for the DODIN Backbone. Review the switch configuration and determine if filters are bound to the applicable interfaces to drop IPv6 packets containing a Destination Option header with option type value of 0xC3 (NSAP address). Step 1: Verify that an inbound IPv6 ACL has been configured on the external interface. interface gigabitethernet1/0 ipv6 address 2001::1:0:22/64 ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 in Step 2: Verify that the ACL drops IPv6 packets containing the NSAP address option within Destination Option header as shown in the example below. ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 deny 60 any any dest-option-type 195 log permit ipv6 … … … … deny ipv6 any any log If the switch is not configured to drop IPv6 packets containing the NSAP address option within Destination Option header, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40946r856269_fix

Configure the switch to to drop IPv6 packets containing the NSAP address option within Destination Option header as shown in the example below. SW1(config)#ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny 60 any any dest-option-type 195 log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#permit … … … … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)# deny ipv6 any any log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-if)#end

b
The Cisco perimeter switch must be configured to drop IPv6 packets containing a Hop-by-Hop or Destination Option extension header with an undefined option type.
SC-7 - Medium - CCI-002403 - V-237778 - SV-237778r856675_rule
RMF Control
SC-7
Severity
Medium
CCI
CCI-002403
Version
CISC-RT-000398
Vuln IDs
  • V-237778
Rule IDs
  • SV-237778r856675_rule
The optional and extensible natures of the IPv6 extension headers require higher scrutiny since many implementations do not always drop packets with headers that it cannot recognize, and hence could cause a Denial-of-Service on the target device. In addition, the type, length, value (TLV) formatting provides the ability for headers to be very large.
Checks: C-40988r856271_chk

This requirement is not applicable for the DODIN Backbone. Review the switch configuration and determine if filters are bound to the applicable interfaces to drop all inbound IPv6 packets containing an undefined option type value regardless of whether they appear in a Hop-by-Hop or Destination Option header. Undefined values are 0x02, 0x03, 0x06, 0x9 – 0xE, 0x10 – 0x22, 0x24, 0x25, 0x27 – 0x2F, and 0x31 – 0xFF. Step 1: Verify that an inbound IPv6 ACL has been configured on the external interface. interface gigabitethernet1/0 ipv6 address 2001::1:0:22/64 ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6 in Step 2: Verify that the ACL drops IPv6 packets containing a Hop-by-Hop or Destination Option extension header with an undefined option type as shown in the example below. ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 deny any any dest-option-type 2 deny any any dest-option-type 3 deny any any dest-option-type 6 deny any any dest-option-type 9 deny any any dest-option-type 10 deny any any dest-option-type 11 deny any any dest-option-type 12 deny any any dest-option-type 13 deny any any dest-option-type 14 deny any any dest-option-type 16 … deny any any dest-option-type 34 deny any any dest-option-type 36 deny any any dest-option-type 37 deny any any dest-option-type 39 … deny any any dest-option-type 47 deny any any dest-option-type 49 … deny any any dest-option-type 255 permit … … … … deny ipv6 any any log Note: Because hop-by-hop and destination options have the same exact header format, they can be combined under the dest-option-type keyword. Since Hop-by-Hop and Destination Option headers have non-overlapping types, you can use dest-option-type to match either. If the switch is not configured to drop IPv6 packets containing a Hop-by-Hop or Destination Option extension header with an undefined option type, this is a finding.

Fix: F-40947r856272_fix

Configure the switch to drop all inbound IPv6 packets containing an undefined option type value regardless of whether they appear in a Hop-by-Hop or Destination Option header as shown in the example below. SW1(config)#ipv6 access-list FILTER_IPV6 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 2 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 3 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 6 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 9 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 10 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 11 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 12 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 13 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 14 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 16 … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 34 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 36 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 37 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 39 … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 47 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 49 … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny any any dest-option-type 255 SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#permit … … … … SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#deny ipv6 any any log SW1(config-ipv6-acl)#exit SW1(config)#int g1/0 SW1(config-if)#ipv6 traffic-filter FILTER_IPV6