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Apache Server 2.4 UNIX Server Security Technical Implementation Guide

V1R0.1 · · · Released 07 Dec 2018 · 77 rules
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This Security Technical Implementation Guide is published as a tool to improve the security of Department of Defense (DoD) information systems. The requirements are derived from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-53 and related documents. Comments or proposed revisions to this document should be sent via email to the following address: disa.stig_spt@mail.mil.
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b
The Apache web server must limit the number of allowed simultaneous session requests.
AC-10 - Medium - CCI-000054 - AS24-U1-000010 - AS24-U1-000010_rule
RMF Control
AC-10
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000054
Version
AS24-U1-000010
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000010
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000010_rule
Apache web server management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize an Apache web server. Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user is helpful in limiting risks related to several types of denial-of-service (DOS) attacks. Although there is some latitude concerning the settings, they should follow DoD-recommended values and be configurable to allow for future DoD direction. While the DoD will specify recommended values, the values can be adjusted to accommodate the operational requirements of a given system.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000010_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directives "KeepAlive" and "MaxKeepAliveRequests" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /<path_to_file>/httpd.conf | grep -i "keepalive" KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 If the value of "KeepAlive" is set to "off" or does not exist, this is a finding. If the value of "MaxKeepAliveRequests" is set to a value less than "100" or does not exist, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000010_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Set the "KeepAlive" directive to a value of "on"; add the directive if it does not exist. Set the "MaxKeepAliveRequests" directive to a value of "100" or greater; add the directive if it does not exist. Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must perform server-side session management.
AC-10 - Medium - CCI-000054 - AS24-U1-000020 - AS24-U1-000020_rule
RMF Control
AC-10
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000054
Version
AS24-U1-000020
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000020
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000020_rule
Session management is the practice of protecting the bulk of the user authorization and identity information. This data can be stored on the client system or on the server. When the session information is stored on the client, the session ID, along with the user authorization and identity information, is sent along with each client request and is stored in a cookie, embedded in the uniform resource locator (URL), or placed in a hidden field on the displayed form. Each of these offers advantages and disadvantages. The biggest disadvantage to all three is the possibility of the hijacking of a session along with all of the user's credentials. When the user authorization and identity information is stored on the server in a protected and encrypted database, the communication between the client and Apache web server will only send the session identifier, and the server can then retrieve user credentials for the session when needed. If, during transmission, the session were to be hijacked, the user's credentials would not be compromised.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000020_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i mod_session" and "httpd -M | grep -i mod_usertrack". If "mod_session" module and "mod_usertrack" are not enabled or do not exist, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000020_fix

If the modules are not installed, install any missing packages. Add the following lines to the "httpd.conf" file: LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so LoadModule session_module modules/mod_session.so Additional documentation can be found at: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_usertrack.html https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_session.html Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must use encryption strength in accordance with the categorization of data hosted by the Apache web server when remote connections are provided.
AC-17 - Medium - CCI-000068 - AS24-U1-000030 - AS24-U1-000030_rule
RMF Control
AC-17
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000068
Version
AS24-U1-000030
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000030
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000030_rule
The Apache web server has several remote communications channels. Examples are user requests via http/https, communication to a backend database, and communication to authenticate users. The encryption used to communicate must match the data that is being retrieved or presented. Methods of communication are "http" for publicly displayed information, "https" to encrypt when user data is being transmitted, VPN tunneling, or other encryption methods to a database.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000030_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /<path_to_file>/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the "SSLProtocol" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000030_fix

If the modules are not installed, install any missing packages. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must use cryptography to protect the integrity of remote sessions.
AC-17 - Medium - CCI-001453 - AS24-U1-000040 - AS24-U1-000040_rule
RMF Control
AC-17
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001453
Version
AS24-U1-000040
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000040
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000040_rule
Data exchanged between the user and the Apache web server can range from static display data to credentials used to log on to the hosted application. Even when data appears to be static, the non-displayed logic in a web page may expose business logic or trusted system relationships. The integrity of all the data being exchanged between the user and the Apache web server must always be trusted. To protect the integrity and trust, encryption methods should be used to protect the complete communication session.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000040_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /<path_to_file>/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the "SSLProtocol" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000040_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must enforce approved authorizations for logical access to hosted applications and resources in accordance with applicable access control policies.
AC-3 - Medium - CCI-000213 - AS24-U1-000060 - AS24-U1-000060_rule
RMF Control
AC-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000213
Version
AS24-U1-000060
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000060
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000060_rule
To control access to sensitive information and hosted applications by entities that have been issued certificates by DoD-approved PKIs, the Apache web server must be properly configured to incorporate a means of authorization that does not simply rely on the possession of a valid certificate for access. Access decisions must include a verification that the authenticated entity is permitted to access the information or application. Authorization decisions must leverage a variety of methods, such as mapping the validated PKI certificate to an account with an associated set of permissions on the system. If the Apache web server relied only on the possession of the certificate and did not map to system roles and privileges, each user would have the same abilities and roles to make changes to the production system.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000060_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /<path_to_file>/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the "SSLProtocol" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000060_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must generate, at a minimum, log records for system startup and shutdown, system access, and system authentication events.
AU-12 - Medium - CCI-000169 - AS24-U1-000070 - AS24-U1-000070_rule
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000169
Version
AS24-U1-000070
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000070
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000070_rule
Log records can be generated from various components within the Apache web server (e.g., httpd, plug-ins to external backends, etc.). From a web server perspective, certain specific Apache web server functionalities may be logged as well. The Apache web server must allow the definition of what events are to be logged. As conditions change, the number and types of events to be logged may change, and the Apache web server must be able to facilitate these changes. The minimum list of logged events should be those pertaining to system startup and shutdown, system access, and system authentication events. If these events are not logged at a minimum, any type of forensic investigation would be missing pertinent information needed to replay what occurred.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000070_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i log_config_module". If the "log_config_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /<path_to_file>/httpd.conf | grep -i "LogFormat" If the "LogFormat" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000070_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Uncomment the "log_config_module" module line. Configure the "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file to look like the following: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\" " combined Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must initiate session logging upon startup.
AU-14 - Medium - CCI-001464 - AS24-U1-000080 - AS24-U1-000080_rule
RMF Control
AU-14
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001464
Version
AS24-U1-000080
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000080
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000080_rule
An attacker can compromise a web server during the startup process. If logging is not initiated until all the Apache web server processes are started, key information may be missed and not available during a forensic investigation. To ensure all logable events are captured, the Apache web server must begin logging once the first Apache web server process is initiated.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000080_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i log_config_module". If the "log_config_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /<path_to_file>/httpd.conf | grep -i "LogFormat" If the "LogFormat" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000080_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Uncomment the "log_config_module" module line. Configure the "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file to look like the following: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\" " combined Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
HTTP request methods must be limited.
SC-3 - Medium - CCI-001084 - AS24-U1-001000 - AS24-U1-001000_rule
RMF Control
SC-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001084
Version
AS24-U1-001000
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-001000
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-001000_rule
The HTTP 1.1 protocol supports several request methods that are rarely used and potentially high risk. For example, methods such as PUT and DELETE are rarely used and should be disabled in keeping with the primary security principal of minimize features and options. Also, since the usage of these methods is typically to modify resources on the web server, they should be explicitly disallowed. Normal web server operation will typically require allowing only the GET, HEAD, and POST request methods. This will allow for downloading of web pages and submitting information to web forms. The OPTIONS request method will also be allowed as it is used to request which HTTP request methods are allowed.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-001000_chk

Enter the following command: more <'INSTALLED PATH'>/conf/httpd.conf For every enabled "Directory" directive (except root), verify the following entry exists: Order allow,deny <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> Deny from all </LimitExcept> If the statement above is found in the LimitExcept statement (i.e. <Directory />), this is a finding. If the statement above is found enabled but without the appropriate "LimitExcept" or "Order" statement, this is a finding. If the statement is not found inside an enabled "Directory" directive, this is a finding. NOTE: If the "LimitExcept" statement above is operationally limiting, this should be explicitly documented with the Web Manager, at which point this can be considered not a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-001000_fix

Edit the "httpd.conf" file and add the following entries for every enabled directory except root. Order allow,deny <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> Deny from all </LimitExcept>

b
The Apache web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish what type of events occurred.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000130 - AS24-U1-000090 - AS24-U1-000090_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000130
Version
AS24-U1-000090
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000090
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000090_rule
Apache web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined. Ascertaining the correct type of event that occurred is important during forensic analysis. The correct determination of the event and when it occurred is important in relation to other events that happened at that same time. Without sufficient information establishing what type of log event occurred, investigation into the cause of event is severely hindered. Log record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes but is not limited to time stamps, source and destination IP addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, application-specific events, success/fail indications, file names involved, access control, or flow control rules invoked.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000090_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i log_config_module". If the "log_config_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "LogFormat" If the "LogFormat" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000090_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Uncomment the "log_config_module" module line. Configure the "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file to look like the following: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\" " combined Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish when (date and time) events occurred.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000131 - AS24-U1-000100 - AS24-U1-000100_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000131
Version
AS24-U1-000100
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000100
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000100_rule
Apache web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined. Ascertaining the correct type of event that occurred is important during forensic analysis. The correct determination of the event and when it occurred is important in relation to other events that happened at that same time. Without sufficient information establishing what type of log event occurred, investigation into the cause of event is severely hindered. Log record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes but is not limited to time stamps, source and destination IP addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, application-specific events, success/fail indications, file names involved, access control, and flow control rules invoked.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000100_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i log_config_module". If the "log_config_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "LogFormat" If the "LogFormat" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000100_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Uncomment the "log_config_module" module line. Configure the "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file to look like the following: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\" " combined Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish where within the Apache web server the events occurred.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000132 - AS24-U1-000110 - AS24-U1-000110_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000132
Version
AS24-U1-000110
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000110
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000110_rule
Apache web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined. Ascertaining the correct order of the events that occurred is important during forensic analysis. Events that appear harmless by themselves might be flagged as a potential threat when properly viewed in sequence. By also establishing the event date and time, an event can be properly viewed with an enterprise tool to fully see a possible threat in its entirety. Without sufficient information establishing when the log event occurred, investigation into the cause of event is severely hindered. Log record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes but is not limited to time stamps, source and destination IP addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, application-specific events, success/fail indications, file names involved, access control, and flow control rules invoked.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000110_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i log_config_module". If the "log_config_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "LogFormat" If the "LogFormat" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000110_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Uncomment the "log_config_module" module line. Configure the "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file to look like the following: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\" " combined Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish the source of events.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000133 - AS24-U1-000120 - AS24-U1-000120_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000133
Version
AS24-U1-000120
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000120
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000120_rule
Apache web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined. Ascertaining the correct location or process within the Apache web server where the events occurred is important during forensic analysis. Correctly determining the web service, plug-in, or module will add information to the overall reconstruction of the logged event. For example, an event that occurred during communication to a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) module might be handled differently than an event that occurred during a communication session to a user. Without sufficient information establishing where the log event occurred within the Apache web server, investigation into the cause of event is severely hindered. Log record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes but is not limited to time stamps, source and destination IP addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, application-specific events, success/fail indications, file names involved, access control, and flow control rules invoked.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000120_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i log_config_module". If the "log_config_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "LogFormat" If the "LogFormat" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000120_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Uncomment the "log_config_module" module line. Configure the "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file to look like the following: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\" " combined Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
An Apache web server, behind a load balancer or proxy server, must produce log records containing the client IP information as the source and destination and not the load balancer or proxy IP information with each event.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000133 - AS24-U1-000130 - AS24-U1-000130_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000133
Version
AS24-U1-000130
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000130
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000130_rule
Apache web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined. Ascertaining the correct source of the events (e.g., source IP) is important during forensic analysis. Correctly determining the source of events will add information to the overall reconstruction of the logable event. By determining the source of the event correctly, analysis of the enterprise can be undertaken to determine if events tied to the source occurred in other areas within the enterprise. A web server behind a load balancer or proxy server, when not configured correctly, will record the load balancer or proxy server as the source of every logable event. When looking at the information forensically, this information is not helpful in the investigation of events. The web server must record with each event the client source of the event.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000130_chk

Interview the System Administrator to review the configuration of the Apache web server architecture and determine if inbound web traffic is passed through a proxy. If the Apache web server is receiving inbound web traffic through a proxy, the audit logs must be reviewed to determine if correct source information is being passed through by the proxy server. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Review the location of the log files. When the log file is displayed, review the source IP information in the log entries and verify the entries do not reflect the IP address of the proxy server. If the log entries in the log file(s) reflect the IP address of the proxy server as the source, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000130_fix

Access the proxy server through which inbound web traffic is passed and configure settings to pass web traffic to the Apache web server transparently.

b
The Apache web server must produce log records that contain sufficient information to establish the outcome (success or failure) of events.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-000134 - AS24-U1-000140 - AS24-U1-000140_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000134
Version
AS24-U1-000140
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000140
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000140_rule
Apache web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined. Ascertaining the correct source of the events (e.g., source IP) is important during forensic analysis. Correctly determining the source of events will add information to the overall reconstruction of the logable event. By determining the source of the event correctly, analysis of the enterprise can be undertaken to determine if events tied to the source occurred in other areas within the enterprise. A web server behind a load balancer or proxy server, when not configured correctly, will record the load balancer or proxy server as the source of every logable event. When looking at the information forensically, this information is not helpful in the investigation of events. The web server must record with each event the client source of the event.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000140_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i log_config_module". If the "log_config_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "LogFormat" If the "LogFormat" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000140_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Uncomment the "log_config_module" module line. Configure the "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file to look like the following: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\" " combined Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must produce log records containing sufficient information to establish the identity of any user/subject or process associated with an event.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-001487 - AS24-U1-000150 - AS24-U1-000150_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001487
Version
AS24-U1-000150
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000150
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000150_rule
Apache web server logging capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without sufficient and accurate information, a correct replay of the events cannot be determined. Ascertaining the success or failure of an event is important during forensic analysis. Correctly determining the outcome will add information to the overall reconstruction of the logable event. By determining the success or failure of the event correctly, analysis of the enterprise can be undertaken to determine if events tied to the event occurred in other areas within the enterprise. Without sufficient information establishing the success or failure of the logged event, investigation into the cause of event is severely hindered. The success or failure also provides a means to measure the impact of an event and help authorized personnel determine the appropriate response. Log record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes but is not limited to time stamps, source and destination IP addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, application-specific events, success/fail indications, file names involved, access control, and flow control rules invoked.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000150_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i log_config_module". If the "log_config_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "LogFormat" If the "LogFormat" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000150_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Uncomment the "log_config_module" module line. Configure the "LogFormat" in the "httpd.conf" file to look like the following: LogFormat "%a %A %h %H %l %m %s %t %u %U \"%{Referer}i\" " combined Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server log files must only be accessible by privileged users.
AU-9 - Medium - CCI-000162 - AS24-U1-000180 - AS24-U1-000180_rule
RMF Control
AU-9
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000162
Version
AS24-U1-000180
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000180
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000180_rule
Log data is essential in the investigation of events. If log data were to become compromised, competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity would be difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. In addition, access to log records provides information an attacker could potentially use to their advantage since each event record might contain communication ports, protocols, services, trust relationships, user names, etc. The web server must protect the log data from unauthorized read, write, copy, etc. This can be done by the web server if the web server is also doing the logging function. The web server may also use an external log system. In either case, the logs must be protected from access by non-privileged users.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000180_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Review the log file location. To determine permissions for log files, from the command line, navigate to the directory where the log files are located and enter the following command: ls –al *log Note the owner and group permissions on these files. Only the Auditors, Web Managers, Administrators, and the account that runs the web server should have permissions to the files. If any users other than those authorized have read access to the log files, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000180_fix

To protect the integrity of the data that is being captured in the log files, ensure that only the members of the Auditors group, Administrators, and the user assigned to run the web server software is granted permissions to read the log files.

b
The log information from the Apache web server must be protected from unauthorized modification.
AU-9 - Medium - CCI-000163 - AS24-U1-000190 - AS24-U1-000190_rule
RMF Control
AU-9
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000163
Version
AS24-U1-000190
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000190
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000190_rule
Log data is essential in the investigation of events. If log data were to become compromised, competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity would be difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. In addition, access to log records provides information an attacker could potentially use to their advantage since each event record might contain communication ports, protocols, services, trust relationships, user names, etc. The web server must protect the log data from unauthorized read, write, copy, etc. This can be done by the web server if the web server is also doing the logging function. The web server may also use an external log system. In either case, the logs must be protected from access by non-privileged users.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000190_chk

Verify the log information from the web server is protected from unauthorized modification. Review the web server documentation and deployed configuration settings to determine if the web server logging features protect log information from unauthorized modification. Review file system settings to verify the log files have secure file permissions. Run the following command: ls -l &lt;'INSTALL PATH'&gt;/logs If the web server log files present are owned by anyone other than root, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000190_fix

Determine the location of the "ErrorLog" directory in the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Open the "httpd.conf" file. Look for the "ErrorLog" directive. Ensure the permissions and ownership of all files in the Apache log directory are correct by executing the following commands as root: # chown root.root <'ErrorLog directive PATH'>/*

b
The log information from the Apache web server must be protected from unauthorized deletion.
AU-9 - Medium - CCI-000164 - AS24-U1-000200 - AS24-U1-000200_rule
RMF Control
AU-9
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000164
Version
AS24-U1-000200
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000200
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000200_rule
Log data is essential in the investigation of events. The accuracy of the information is always pertinent. Information that is not accurate does not help in revealing potential security risks and may hinder the early discovery of a system compromise. One of the first steps an attacker will undertake is the modification or deletion of log records to cover his tracks and prolong discovery. The web server must protect the log data from unauthorized modification. This can be done by the web server if the web server is also doing the logging function. The Apache web server may also use an external log system. In either case, the logs must be protected from modification by non-privileged users.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000200_chk

Verify the log information from the web server must be protected from unauthorized modification. Review the web server documentation and deployed configuration settings to determine if the web server logging features protect log information from unauthorized modification. Review file system settings to verify the log files have secure file permissions. Run the following command: ls -l &lt;'INSTALL PATH'&gt;/logs If the web server log files present are owned by anyone other than root, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000200_fix

Determine the location of the "ErrorLog" directory in the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Open the "httpd.conf" file. Look for the "ErrorLog" directive. Ensure the permissions and ownership of all files in the Apache log directory are correct by executing the following commands as root: # chown root.root <'ErrorLog directive PATH'>/*

b
The log data and records from the Apache web server must be backed up onto a different system or media.
AU-9 - Medium - CCI-001348 - AS24-U1-000210 - AS24-U1-000210_rule
RMF Control
AU-9
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001348
Version
AS24-U1-000210
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000210
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000210_rule
Protection of log data includes ensuring log data is not accidentally lost or deleted. Backing up log records to an unrelated system or onto separate media than the system the web server is actually running on helps to ensure that, in the event of a catastrophic system failure, the log records will be retained.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000210_chk

Interview the Information System Security Officer, System Administrator, Web Manager, Webmaster, or developers as necessary to determine whether a tested and verifiable backup strategy has been implemented for web server software and all web server data files. Proposed questions: - Who maintains the backup and recovery procedures? - Do you have a copy of the backup and recovery procedures? - Where is the off-site backup location? - Is the contingency plan documented? - When was the last time the contingency plan was tested? - Are the test dates and results documented? If there is not a backup and recovery process for the web server, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000210_fix

Document the web server backup procedures.

b
Expansion modules must be fully reviewed, tested, and signed before they can exist on a production Apache web server.
CM-5 - Medium - CCI-001749 - AS24-U1-000230 - AS24-U1-000230_rule
RMF Control
CM-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001749
Version
AS24-U1-000230
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000230
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000230_rule
In the case of a production web server, areas for content development and testing will not exist, as this type of content is only permissible on a development website. The process of developing on a functional production website entails a degree of trial and error and repeated testing. This process is often accomplished in an environment where debugging, sequencing, and formatting of content are the main goals. The opportunity for a malicious user to obtain files that reveal business logic and logon schemes is high in this situation. The existence of such immature content on a web server represents a significant security risk that is totally avoidable. The web server must enforce, internally or through an external utility, the signing of modules before they are implemented into a production environment. By signing modules, the author guarantees that the module has been reviewed and tested before production implementation.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000230_chk

Enter the following command: "httpd -M" This will provide a list of the loaded modules. Validate that all displayed modules are required for operations. If any module is not required for operation, this is a finding. NOTE: The following modules are needed for basic web function and do not need to be reviewed: core_module http_module so_module mpm_prefork_module For a complete list of signed Apache Modules, review https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000230_fix

Remove any unsigned modules.

b
The Apache web server must not perform user management for hosted applications.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000240 - AS24-U1-000240_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000240
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000240
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000240_rule
User management and authentication can be an essential part of any application hosted by the web server. Along with authenticating users, the user management function must perform several other tasks such as password complexity, locking users after a configurable number of failed logons, and management of temporary and emergency accounts. All of this must be done enterprise-wide. The web server contains a minimal user management function, but the web server user management function does not offer enterprise-wide user management, and user management is not the primary function of the web server. User management for the hosted applications should be done through a facility that is built for enterprise-wide user management, such as LDAP and Active Directory.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000240_chk

Review the web server documentation and configuration to determine if the web server is being used as a user management application. Search for "AuthUserFile" in the configuration files in the installed Apache Path. Example: grep -rin AuthUserFile * If there are uncommented lines pointing to files on disk using the above configuration option, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000240_fix

Comment out the "AuthUserFile" lines found in the Apache configuration.

b
The Apache web server must only contain services and functions necessary for operation.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000250 - AS24-U1-000250_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000250
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000250
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000250_rule
A web server can provide many features, services, and processes. Some of these may be deemed unnecessary or too unsecure to run on a production DoD system. The web server must provide the capability to disable, uninstall, or deactivate functionality and services that are deemed to be non-essential to the web server mission or can adversely impact server performance.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000250_chk

Verify the document root directory and the configuration files do not provide for default index.html or welcome page. Verify the Apache User Manual content is not installed by checking the configuration files for manual location directives. Verify the Apache configuration files do not have the Server Status handler configured. Verify the Server Information handler is not configured. Verify that any other handler configurations such as perl-status are not enabled. If any of these are present, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000250_fix

Review all pre-installed content and remove content that is not required. In particular, look for the unnecessary content that may be found in the document root directory, a configuration directory such as conf/extra directory, or as a UNIX/Linux package. Remove the default index.html or welcome page if it is a separate package. If the default welcome page is part of the main Apache httpd package as it is on Red Hat Linux, then comment out the configuration as shown below. Removing a file such as "welcome.conf" is not recommended as it may be replaced if the package is updated. # # This configuration file enables the default "Welcome" # page if there is no default index page present for # the root URL. To disable the Welcome page, comment # out all the lines below. # ##<LocationMatch "^/+$"> ## Options -Indexes ## ErrorDocument 403 /error/noindex.html ##</LocationMatch> Remove the Apache User Manual content or comment out configurations referencing the manual. Example: # yum erase httpd-manual Remove or comment out any Server Status handler configuration: # # Allow server status reports generated by mod_status, # with the URL of http://servername/server-status # Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable. # ##<Location /server-status> ## SetHandler server-status ## Order deny,allow ## Deny from all ## Allow from .example.com ##</Location> Remove or comment out any Server Information handler configuration: # # Allow remote server configuration reports, with the URL of # http://servername/server-info (requires that mod_info.c be loaded). # Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable. # ##<Location /server-info> ## SetHandler server-info ## Order deny,allow ## Deny from all ## Allow from .example.com ##</Location> Remove or comment out any other handler configuration such as perl-status: # This will allow remote server configuration reports, with the URL of # http://servername/perl-status # Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable. # ##<Location /perl-status> ## SetHandler perl-script ## PerlResponseHandler Apache2::Status ## Order deny,allow ## Deny from all ## Allow from .example.com ##</Location> The default source build provides extra content available in the <'INSTALLED PATH'>/conf/extra/ directory, but the configuration of most of the extra content is commented out by default. In particular, the inclusion of conf/extra/proxyhtml.conf is not commented out in "httpd.conf": # Server-pool management (MPM specific) #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings #Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf # Configure mod_proxy_html to understand HTML4/XHTML1 <IfModule proxy_html_module> Include conf/extra/proxy-html.conf </IfModule> # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf For applications developed in-house, ensure that development artifacts (sample data and scripts; unused libraries, components, debug code; or tools) are not included in the deployed software or accessible in the production environment.

b
The Apache web server must not be a proxy server.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000260 - AS24-U1-000260_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000260
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000260
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000260_rule
A web server should be primarily a web server or a proxy server but not both, for the same reasons that other multi-use servers are not recommended. Scanning for web servers that will also proxy requests into an otherwise protected network is a very common attack, making the attack anonymous.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000260_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | sort" to view a list of installed modules. If any of the following modules are present, this is a finding: proxy_module proxy_ajp_module proxy_balancer_module proxy_ftp_module proxy_http_module proxy_connect_module

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000260_fix

Determine where the proxy modules are located by running the following command: grep -rl "proxy_module" <'INSTALL PATH'> Edit the file and comment out the following modules: proxy_module proxy_ajp_module proxy_balancer_module proxy_ftp_module proxy_http_module proxy_connect_module Restart Apache: apachectl restart

c
The Apache web server must provide install options to exclude the installation of documentation, sample code, example applications, and tutorials.
CM-7 - High - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000270 - AS24-U1-000270_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000270
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000270
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000270_rule
Apache web server documentation, sample code, example applications, and tutorials may be an exploitable threat to an Apache web server because this type of code has not been evaluated and approved. A production Apache web server must only contain components that are operationally necessary (e.g., compiled code, scripts, web content, etc.). Any documentation, sample code, example applications, and tutorials must be removed from a production Apache web server. To ensure that the documentation and code are not installed or are uninstalled completely, the Apache web server must offer an option as part of the installation process to exclude these packages or to uninstall the packages if necessary.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000270_chk

If the site requires the use of a particular piece of software, verify that the Information System Security Officer (ISSO) maintains documentation identifying this software as necessary for operations. The software must be operated at the vendor’s current patch level and must be a supported vendor release. If programs or utilities that meet the above criteria are installed on the web server and appropriate documentation and signatures are in evidence, this is not a finding. Determine whether the web server is configured with unnecessary software. Determine whether processes other than those that support the web server are loaded and/or run on the web server. Examples of software that should not be on the web server are all web development tools, office suites (unless the web server is a private web development server), compilers, and other utilities that are not part of the web server suite or the basic operating system. Check the directory structure of the server and verify that additional, unintended, or unneeded applications are not loaded on the system. If, after review of the application on the system, there is no justification for the identified software, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000270_fix

Remove any unnecessary applications per ISSO documentation.

c
Apache Web server accounts not used by installed features (e.g., tools, utilities, specific services, etc.) must not be created and must be deleted when the Apache web server feature is uninstalled.
CM-7 - High - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000280 - AS24-U1-000280_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000280
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000280
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000280_rule
When accounts used for web server features such as documentation, sample code, example applications, tutorials, utilities, and services are created even though the feature is not installed, they become an exploitable threat to a web server. These accounts become inactive, are not monitored through regular use, and passwords for the accounts are not created or updated. An attacker, through very little effort, can use these accounts to gain access to the web server and begin investigating ways to elevate the account privileges. The accounts used for web server features not installed must not be created and must be deleted when these features are uninstalled.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000280_chk

Obtain a list of the user accounts for the system, noting the privileges for each account. Verify with the System Administrator (SA) or the Information System Security Officer (ISSO) that all privileged accounts are mission essential and documented. Verify with the SA or the ISSO that all non-administrator access to shell scripts and operating system functions are mission essential and documented. If undocumented privileged accounts are present, this is a finding. If undocumented access to shell scripts or operating system functions is present, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000280_fix

Ensure non-administrators are not allowed access to the directory tree, the shell, or other operating system functions and utilities.

b
The Apache web server must provide options to remove or disable all utility programs not necessary for operations.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000290 - AS24-U1-000290_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000290
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000290
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000290_rule
Just as running unneeded services and protocols is a danger to the web server at the lower levels of the OSI model, running unneeded utilities and programs is also a danger at the application layer of the OSI model. Office suites, development tools, and graphical editors are examples of such programs that are troublesome. Individual productivity tools have no legitimate place or use on an enterprise, production web server, and they are also prone to their own security risks. The web server installation process must provide options allowing the installer to choose which utility programs, services, and modules are to be installed or removed. By having a process for installation and removal, the web server is guaranteed to be in a more stable and secure state than if these services and programs were installed and removed manually.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000290_chk

If the site requires the use of a particular piece of software, verify that the Information System Security Officer maintains documentation identifying this software as necessary for operations. The software must be operated at the vendor’s current patch level and must be a supported vendor release. If programs or utilities that meet the above criteria are installed on the web server, and appropriate documentation and signatures are in evidence, this is not a finding. Determine whether the web server is configured with unnecessary software. Determine whether processes other than those that support the web server are loaded and/or run on the web server. Examples of software that should not be on the web server are all web development tools, office suites (unless the web server is a private web development server), compilers, and other utilities that are not part of the web server suite or the basic operating system. Check the directory structure of the server and ensure that additional, unintended, or unneeded applications are not loaded on the system. If, after review of the application on the system, there is no justification for the identified software, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000290_fix

Remove any unnecessary applications.

b
The Apache web server must have Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) that invoke operating system shell programs disabled.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000300 - AS24-U1-000300_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000300
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000300
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000300_rule
Controlling what a user of a hosted application can access is part of the security posture of the web server. Any time a user can access more functionality than is needed for the operation of the hosted application poses a security issue. A user with too much access can view information that is not needed for the user's job role, or the user could use the function in an unintentional manner. A MIME tells the web server what type of program various file types and extensions are and what external utilities or programs are needed to execute the file type. A shell is a program that serves as the basic interface between the user and the operating system, so hosted application users must not have access to these programs. Shell programs may execute shell escapes and can then perform unauthorized activities that could damage the security posture of the web server.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000300_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" If "Action" or "AddHandler" exist and they configure .exe, .dll, .com, .bat, or .csh, or any other shell as a viewer for documents, this is a finding. If this is not documented and approved by the Information System Security Officer (ISSO), this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000300_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Disable MIME types for .exe, .dll, .com, .bat, and .csh programs. If "Action" or "AddHandler" exist within the "httpd.conf" file and they configure .exe, .dll, .com, .bat, or .csh, remove those references. Restart Apache: apachectl restart Ensure this process is documented and approved by the ISSO.

b
The Apache web server must allow the mappings to unused and vulnerable scripts to be removed.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000310 - AS24-U1-000310_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000310
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000310
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000310_rule
Scripts allow server-side processing on behalf of the hosted application user or as processes needed in the implementation of hosted applications. Removing scripts not needed for application operation or deemed vulnerable helps to secure the web server. To ensure scripts are not added to the web server and run maliciously, script mappings that are not needed or used by the web server for hosted application operation must be removed.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000310_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Locate "cgi-bin" files and directories enabled in the Apache configuration via "Script", "ScriptAlias" or "ScriptAliasMatch", and "ScriptInterpreterSource" directives. If any scripts are present that are not needed for application operation, this is a finding. If this is not documented and approved by the Information System Security Officer (ISSO), this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000310_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Review "Script", "ScriptAlias" or "ScriptAliasMatch", and "ScriptInterpreterSource" directives. Go into each directory and locate "cgi-bin" files. Remove any script that is not needed for application operation. Ensure this process is documented and approved by the ISSO.

b
The Apache web server must have resource mappings set to disable the serving of certain file types.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000320 - AS24-U1-000320_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000320
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000320
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000320_rule
Resource mapping is the process of tying a particular file type to a process in the web server that can serve that type of file to a requesting client and to identify which file types are not to be delivered to a client. By not specifying which files can and cannot be served to a user, the web server could deliver to a user web server configuration files, log files, password files, etc. The web server must only allow hosted application file types to be served to a user, and all other types must be disabled.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000320_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" If "Action" or "AddHandler" exist and they configure .exe, .dll, .com, .bat, or .csh, or any other shell as a viewer for documents, this is a finding. If this is not documented and approved by the Information System Security Officer (ISSO), this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000320_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Disable MIME types for .exe, .dll, .com, .bat, and .csh programs. If "Action" or "AddHandler" exist and they configure .exe, .dll, .com, .bat, or .csh, remove those references. Restart Apache: apachectl restart Ensure this process is documented and approved by the ISSO.

b
The Apache web server must have Web Distributed Authoring (WebDAV) disabled.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000381 - AS24-U1-000330 - AS24-U1-000330_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
AS24-U1-000330
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000330
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000330_rule
A web server can be installed with functionality that, by its nature, is not secure. WebDAV is an extension to the HTTP protocol that, when developed, was meant to allow users to create, change, and move documents on a server, typically a web server or web share. Allowing this functionality, development, and deployment is much easier for web authors. WebDAV is not widely used and has serious security concerns because it may allow clients to modify unauthorized files on the web server.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000330_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | sort" to view a list of installed modules. If any of the following modules are present, this is a finding: dav_module dav_fs_module dav_lock_module

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000330_fix

Determine where the "dav" modules are located by running the following command: grep -rl "dav_module" <'INSTALL PATH'> Edit the file and comment out the following modules: dav_module dav_fs_module dav_lock_module Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must be configured to use a specified IP address and port.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-000382 - AS24-U1-000360 - AS24-U1-000360_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000382
Version
AS24-U1-000360
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000360
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000360_rule
The web server must be configured to listen on a specified IP address and port. Without specifying an IP address and port for the web server to use, the web server will listen on all IP addresses available to the hosting server. If the web server has multiple IP addresses, i.e., a management IP address, the web server will also accept connections on the management IP address. Accessing the hosted application through an IP address normally used for non-application functions opens the possibility of user access to resources, utilities, files, ports, and protocols that are protected on the desired application IP address.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000360_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the following directive: Listen Verify that any enabled "Listen" directives specify both an IP address and port number. If the "Listen" directive is found with only an IP address or only a port number specified, this is finding. If the IP address is all zeros (i.e., 0.0.0.0:80 or [::ffff:0.0.0.0]:80), this is a finding. If the "Listen" directive does not exist, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000360_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Set the "Listen" directive to listen on a specific IP address and port. Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must encrypt passwords during transmission.
IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000197 - AS24-U1-000370 - AS24-U1-000370_rule
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000197
Version
AS24-U1-000370
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000370
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000370_rule
Data used to authenticate, especially passwords, needs to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting authentication data during transmission. Data used to authenticate can be passed to and from the web server for many reasons. Examples include data passed from a user to the web server through an HTTPS connection for authentication, the web server authenticating to a backend database for data retrieval and posting, and the web server authenticating to a clustered web server manager for an update.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000370_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the "SSLProtocol" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000370_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
Only authenticated system administrators or the designated PKI Sponsor for the Apache web server must have access to the Apache web server private key.
IA-5 - Medium - CCI-000186 - AS24-U1-000390 - AS24-U1-000390_rule
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000186
Version
AS24-U1-000390
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000390
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000390_rule
The web server's private key is used to prove the identity of the server to clients and securely exchange the shared secret key used to encrypt communications between the web server and clients. By gaining access to the private key, an attacker can pretend to be an authorized server and decrypt the SSL traffic between a client and the web server.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000390_chk

Review the private key path in the SSLCertificateFile directive. Verify that only authenticated system administrators and the designated PKI Sponsor for the web server can access the web server private key. If the private key is accessible by unauthenticated or unauthorized users, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000390_fix

Configure the Apache web server to ensure that only authenticated and authorized users can access the web server's private key.

b
The Apache web server must use cryptographic modules that meet the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance when encrypting stored data.
IA-7 - Medium - CCI-000803 - AS24-U1-000400 - AS24-U1-000400_rule
RMF Control
IA-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000803
Version
AS24-U1-000400
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000400
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000400_rule
Encryption is only as good as the encryption modules used. Unapproved cryptographic module algorithms cannot be verified and cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised due to weak algorithms. FIPS 140-2 is the current standard for validating cryptographic modules and NSA Type-X (where X=1, 2, 3, 4) products are NSA-certified, hardware-based encryption modules. The web server must provide FIPS-compliant encryption modules when storing encrypted data and configuration settings.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000400_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the "SSLProtocol" directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000400_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must use cryptographic modules that meet the requirements of applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance for such authentication.
IA-7 - Medium - CCI-000803 - AS24-U1-000410 - AS24-U1-000410_rule
RMF Control
IA-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000803
Version
AS24-U1-000410
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000410
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000410_rule
Encryption is only as good as the encryption modules used. Unapproved cryptographic module algorithms cannot be verified and cannot be relied on to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised due to weak algorithms. FIPS 140-2 is the current standard for validating cryptographic modules and NSA Type-X (where X=1, 2, 3, 4) products are NSA-certified, hardware-based encryption modules. The Apache web server must provide FIPS-compliant encryption modules when storing encrypted data and configuration settings.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000410_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the SSLProtocol directive is missing or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000410_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
Apache web server accounts accessing the directory tree, the shell, or other operating system functions and utilities must only be administrative accounts.
SC-2 - Medium - CCI-001082 - AS24-U1-000430 - AS24-U1-000430_rule
RMF Control
SC-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001082
Version
AS24-U1-000430
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000430
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000430_rule
As a rule, accounts on a web server are to be kept to a minimum. Only administrators, web managers, developers, auditors, and web authors require accounts on the machine hosting the web server. The resources to which these accounts have access must also be closely monitored and controlled. Only the system administrator needs access to all the system's capabilities, while the web administrator and associated staff require access and control of the web content and web server configuration files.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000430_chk

Review the web server documentation and configuration to determine what web server accounts are available on the server. If any directories or files are present that are owned by anyone other than root, this is a finding. If non-privileged web server accounts are available with access to functions, directories, or files not needed for the role of the account, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000430_fix

Limit the functions, directories, and files that are accessible by each account and role to administrative accounts and remove or modify non-privileged account access.

c
Anonymous user access to the Apache web server application directories must be prohibited.
SC-2 - High - CCI-001082 - AS24-U1-000440 - AS24-U1-000440_rule
RMF Control
SC-2
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-001082
Version
AS24-U1-000440
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000440
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000440_rule
To properly monitor the changes to the web server and the hosted applications, logging must be enabled. Along with logging being enabled, each record must properly contain the changes made and the names of those who made the changes. Allowing anonymous users the capability to change the web server or the hosted application will not generate proper log information that can then be used for forensic reporting in the case of a security issue. Allowing anonymous users to make changes will also grant change capabilities to anybody without forcing a user to authenticate before the changes can be made.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000440_chk

Obtain a list of the user accounts for the system, noting the privileges for each account. Verify with the SA or the Information System Security Officer (ISSO) that all privileged accounts are mission essential and documented. Verify with the SA or the ISSO that all non-administrator access to shell scripts and operating system functions are mission essential and documented. If undocumented privileged accounts are present, this is a finding. If undocumented access to shell scripts or operating system functions is present, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000440_fix

Ensure non-administrators are not allowed access to the directory tree, the shell, or other operating system functions and utilities.

b
The Apache web server must separate the hosted applications from hosted Apache web server management functionality.
SC-2 - Medium - CCI-001082 - AS24-U1-000450 - AS24-U1-000450_rule
RMF Control
SC-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001082
Version
AS24-U1-000450
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000450
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000450_rule
The separation of user functionality from web server management can be accomplished by moving management functions to a separate IP address or port. To further separate the management functions, separate authentication methods and certificates should be used. By moving the management functionality, the possibility of accidental discovery of the management functions by non-privileged users during hosted application use is minimized.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000450_chk

Review the web server documentation and deployed configuration to determine whether hosted application functionality is separated from web server management functions. If the functions are not separated, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000450_fix

Configure Apache to separate the hosted applications from web server management functionality.

b
The Apache web server must invalidate session identifiers upon hosted application user logout or other session termination.
SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001185 - AS24-U1-000460 - AS24-U1-000460_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001185
Version
AS24-U1-000460
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000460
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000460_rule
Captured sessions can be reused in "replay" attacks. This requirement limits the ability of adversaries from capturing and continuing to employ previously valid session IDs. Session IDs are tokens generated by web applications to uniquely identify an application user's session. Unique session IDs help to reduce predictability of said identifiers. When a user logs out, or when any other session termination event occurs, the web server must terminate the user session to minimize the potential for an attacker to hijack that particular user session.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000460_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the following directive: "SessionMaxAge" Verify the value of "SessionMaxAge" is set to "600" or less. If the "SessionMaxAge" does not exist or is set to more than "600", this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000460_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Add the following line to the "httpd.conf" file: SessionMaxAge 600 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
Cookies exchanged between the Apache web server and client, such as session cookies, must have security settings that disallow cookie access outside the originating Apache web server and hosted application.
SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001664 - AS24-U1-000470 - AS24-U1-000470_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001664
Version
AS24-U1-000470
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000470
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000470_rule
Cookies are used to exchange data between the web server and the client. Cookies, such as a session cookie, may contain session information and user credentials used to maintain a persistent connection between the user and the hosted application since HTTP/HTTPS is a stateless protocol. When the cookie parameters are not set properly (i.e., domain and path parameters), cookies can be shared within hosted applications residing on the same web server or to applications hosted on different web servers residing on the same domain.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000470_chk

Review the web server documentation and configuration to determine if cookies between the web server and client are accessible by applications or web servers other than the originating pair. grep SessionCookieName &lt;'INSTALL LOCATION'&gt;/mod_session.conf Confirm that the "HttpOnly" and "Secure" settings are present in the line returned. Confirm that the line does not contain the "Domain" cookie setting. Verify the "mod_header" module is loaded in the web server: # httpd -M |grep header Verify "mod_header" is returned from the above command. If the cookie settings do not align with these requirements, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000470_fix

Edit the "mod_session.conf" file and find the "SessionCookieName" directive. Set the "SessionCookieName" to "session path=/; HttpOnly; Secure; " Example: SessionCookieName session path=/; HttpOnly; Secure; Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must accept only system-generated session identifiers.
SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001664 - AS24-U1-000480 - AS24-U1-000480_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001664
Version
AS24-U1-000480
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000480
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000480_rule
Communication between a client and the web server is done using the HTTP protocol, but HTTP is a stateless protocol. To maintain a connection or session, a web server will generate a session identifier (ID) for each client session when the session is initiated. The session ID allows the web server to track a user session and, in many cases, the user, if the user previously logged on to a hosted application. When a web server accepts session identifiers that are not generated by the web server, the web server creates an environment where session hijacking, such as session fixation, could be used to access hosted applications through session IDs that have already been authenticated. Forcing the web server to only accept web server-generated session IDs and to create new session IDs once a user is authenticated will limit session hijacking.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000480_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify the "mod_unique_id" is loaded. If it does not exist, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000480_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Load the "mod_unique_id" module. Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must generate a unique session identifier for each session using a FIPS 140-2 approved random number generator.
SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001188 - AS24-U1-000490 - AS24-U1-000490_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001188
Version
AS24-U1-000490
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000490
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000490_rule
Communication between a client and the Apache web server is done using the HTTP protocol, but HTTP is a stateless protocol. To maintain a connection or session, a web server will generate a session identifier (ID) for each client session when the session is initiated. The session ID allows the Apache web server to track a user session and, in many cases, the user, if the user previously logged on to a hosted application. When a web server accepts session identifiers that are not generated by the web server, it creates an environment where session hijacking, such as session fixation, could be used to access hosted applications through session IDs that have already been authenticated. Forcing the web server to only accept web server-generated session IDs and to create new session IDs once a user is authenticated will limit session hijacking.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000490_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify the "mod_unique_id" is loaded. If it does not exist, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000490_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Load the "mod_unique_id" module. Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must generate unique session identifiers that cannot be reliably reproduced.
SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001188 - AS24-U1-000500 - AS24-U1-000500_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001188
Version
AS24-U1-000500
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000500
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000500_rule
Communication between a client and the Apache web server is done using the HTTP protocol, but HTTP is a stateless protocol. To maintain a connection or session, a web server will generate a session identifier (ID) for each client session when the session is initiated. The session ID allows the Apache web server to track a user session and, in many cases, the user, if the user previously logged into a hosted application. Unique session IDs are the opposite of sequentially generated session IDs, which can be easily guessed by an attacker. Unique session identifiers help to reduce predictability of generated identifiers. Unique session IDs address man-in-the-middle attacks, including session hijacking or insertion of false information into a session. If the attacker is unable to identify or guess the session information related to pending application traffic, the attacker will have more difficulty in hijacking the session or otherwise manipulating valid sessions.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000500_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify the "mod_unique_id" is loaded. If it does not exist, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000500_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Load the "mod_unique_id" module. Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must generate a session ID long enough that it cannot be guessed through brute force.
SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001188 - AS24-U1-000510 - AS24-U1-000510_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001188
Version
AS24-U1-000510
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000510
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000510_rule
Generating a session identifier (ID) that is not easily guessed through brute force is essential to deter several types of session attacks. By knowing the session ID, an attacker can hijack a user session that has already been user authenticated by the hosted application. The attacker does not need to guess user identifiers and passwords or have a secure token since the user session has already been authenticated. Generating session IDs that are at least 128 bits (16 bytes) in length will cause an attacker to take a large amount of time and resources to guess, reducing the likelihood of an attacker guessing a session ID.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000510_chk

Review the web server documentation and deployed configuration to determine the length of the generated session identifiers. First ensure that "mod_session_crypto" is enabled: httpd -M |grep session_crypto If the above command returns "session_crypto", the module is enabled in the running server. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Review the "httpd.conf" file. If the "SessionCryptoCipher" is not used or "SessionCryptoCipher" is not set to "aes256", this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000510_fix

Configure the web server to generate session identifiers that are at least 128 bits in length. Ensure that "mod_session_crypto" is enabled. Determine the location of the "httpd.conf" file by running the following command: httpd -V Review the "HTTPD_ROOT" path. Navigate to the "HTTPD_ROOT"/conf directory. Edit the "httpd.conf" file. SessionCryptoCipher aes256 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

c
The Apache web server must generate a session ID using as much of the character set as possible to reduce the risk of brute force.
SC-23 - High - CCI-001188 - AS24-U1-000520 - AS24-U1-000520_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-001188
Version
AS24-U1-000520
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000520
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000520_rule
Generating a session identifier (ID) that is not easily guessed through brute force is essential to deter several types of session attacks. By knowing the session ID, an attacker can hijack a user session that has already been user-authenticated by the hosted application. The attacker does not need to guess user identifiers and passwords or have a secure token since the user session has already been authenticated. By generating session IDs that contain as much of the character set as possible, i.e., A-Z, a-z, and 0-9, the session ID becomes exponentially harder to guess.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000520_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify the "mod_unique_id" is loaded. If it does not exist, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000520_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Load the "mod_unique_id" module. Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must generate unique session identifiers with definable entropy.
SC-23 - Medium - CCI-001188 - AS24-U1-000530 - AS24-U1-000530_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001188
Version
AS24-U1-000530
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000530
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000530_rule
Generating a session identifier (ID) that is not easily guessed through brute force is essential to deter several types of session attacks. By knowing the session ID, an attacker can hijack a user session that has already been user authenticated by the hosted application. The attacker does not need to guess user identifiers and passwords or have a secure token since the user session has already been authenticated. Random and unique session IDs are the opposite of sequentially generated session IDs, which can be easily guessed by an attacker. Random session identifiers help to reduce predictability of said identifiers. The session ID must be unpredictable (random enough) to prevent guessing attacks, where an attacker is able to guess or predict the ID of a valid session through statistical analysis techniques. For this purpose, a good Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) must be used. Unique session IDs address man-in-the-middle attacks, including session hijacking or insertion of false information into a session. If the attacker is unable to identify or guess the session information related to pending application traffic, they will have more difficulty in hijacking the session or otherwise manipulating valid sessions. At least half of a session ID must be created using a definable source of entropy (PRNG).
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000530_chk

Review the web server documentation and deployed configuration to verify that the web server is generating random session IDs with entropy equal to at least half the session ID length. First ensure that ssl is enabled: httpd2 -M |grep ssl If the above command returns "ssl_module", then the SSL module is enabled in the running Apache service. Check for the random seed used to generate session IDs: grep SSLRandomSeed /etc/apache2/ssl-global.conf The above command should return two lines: SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512 SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512 The above lines ensure that the SSL module is using a proper entropy source. This should be the only entropy source enabled. If the web server is not configured to generate random session IDs with the proper entropy and the size of the entropy seed is too small, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000530_fix

Configure the web server to generate random session IDs with minimum entropy equal to half the session ID length. First ensure that ssl is enabled: httpd2 -M |grep ssl If the above command returns "ssl_module", then the SSL module is enabled in the running Apache service. Edit the file "/etc/apache2/ssl-global.conf". Configure the entropy section of the file with the following values: SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512 SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512 Turn off any other values for SSLRandomSeed by putting a # sign in front of them. Example: #SSLRandomSeed builtin Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must augment re-creation to a stable and known baseline.
SC-24 - Medium - CCI-001190 - AS24-U1-000540 - AS24-U1-000540_rule
RMF Control
SC-24
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001190
Version
AS24-U1-000540
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000540
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000540_rule
Making certain that the web server has not been updated by an unauthorized user is always a concern. Adding patches, functions, and modules that are untested and not part of the baseline opens the possibility for security risks. The web server must offer, and not hinder, a method that allows for the quick and easy reinstallation of a verified and patched baseline to guarantee the production web server is up to date and has not been modified to add functionality or expose security risks. When the web server does not offer a method to roll back to a clean baseline, external methods, such as a baseline snapshot or virtualizing the web server, can be used.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000540_chk

Interview the System Administrator for the Apache web server. Ask for documentation on the disaster recovery methods tested and planned for the Apache web server in the event of the necessity for rollback. If documentation for a disaster recovery has not been established, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000540_fix

Prepare documentation for disaster recovery methods for the Apache web server in the event of the necessity for rollback. Document and test the disaster recovery methods designed.

b
The Apache web server must be built to fail to a known safe state if system initialization fails, shutdown fails, or aborts fail.
SC-24 - Medium - CCI-001190 - AS24-U1-000550 - AS24-U1-000550_rule
RMF Control
SC-24
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001190
Version
AS24-U1-000550
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000550
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000550_rule
Determining a safe state for failure and weighing that against a potential denial of service for users depends on what type of application the web server is hosting. For an application presenting publicly available information that is not critical, a safe state for failure might be to shut down for any type of failure, but for an application that presents critical and timely information, a shutdown might not be the best state for all failures. Performing a proper risk analysis of the hosted applications and configuring the web server according to what actions to take for each failure condition will provide a known fail safe state for the web server.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000550_chk

Interview the System Administrator for the Apache 2.4 web server. Ask for documentation on the disaster recovery methods tested and planned for the Apache 2.4 web server in the event of the necessity for rollback. If documentation for a disaster recovery has not been established, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000550_fix

Prepare documentation for disaster recovery methods for the Apache 2.4 web server in the event of the necessity for rollback. Document and test the disaster recovery methods designed.

b
The Apache web server must restrict the ability of users to launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks against other information systems or networks.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-001094 - AS24-U1-000590 - AS24-U1-000590_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001094
Version
AS24-U1-000590
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000590
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000590_rule
Apache web server can limit the ability of the web server being used in a DoS attack through several methods. The methods employed will depend upon the hosted applications and their resource needs for proper operation. An example setting that could be used to limit the ability of the web server being used in a DoS attack is bandwidth throttling.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000590_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify that the "Timeout" directive is specified to have a value of "10" seconds or less. If the "Timeout" directive is not configured or is set for more than "10" seconds, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000590_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Add or modify the "Timeout" directive to have a value of "10" seconds or less: "Timeout 10"

b
Warning and error messages displayed to clients must be modified to minimize the identity of the Apache web server, patches, loaded modules, and directory paths.
SI-11 - Medium - CCI-001312 - AS24-U1-000620 - AS24-U1-000620_rule
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001312
Version
AS24-U1-000620
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000620
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000620_rule
Information needed by an attacker to begin looking for possible vulnerabilities in a web server includes any information about the web server, backend systems being accessed, and plug-ins or modules being used. Web servers will often display error messages to client users, displaying enough information to aid in the debugging of the error. The information given back in error messages may display the web server type, version, patches installed, plug-ins and modules installed, type of code being used by the hosted application, and any backends being used for data storage. This information could be used by an attacker to blueprint what type of attacks might be successful. The information given to users must be minimized to not aid in the blueprinting of the Apache web server.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000620_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" If the "ErrorDocument" directive is not being used, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000620_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Use the "ErrorDocument" directive to enable custom error pages. ErrorDocument 500 "Sorry, our script crashed. Oh dear" ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/crash-recover ErrorDocument 500 http://error.example.com/server_error.html ErrorDocument 404 /errors/not_found.html ErrorDocument 401 /subscription/how_to_subscribe.html The syntax of the ErrorDocument directive is: ErrorDocument <3-digit-code> <action> Additional information: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/custom-error.html

b
Debugging and trace information used to diagnose the Apache web server must be disabled.
SI-11 - Medium - CCI-001312 - AS24-U1-000630 - AS24-U1-000630_rule
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001312
Version
AS24-U1-000630
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000630
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000630_rule
Information needed by an attacker to begin looking for possible vulnerabilities in a web server includes any information about the web server and plug-ins or modules being used. When debugging or trace information is enabled in a production web server, information about the web server, such as web server type, version, patches installed, plug-ins and modules installed, type of code being used by the hosted application, and any backends being used for data storage may be displayed. Since this information may be placed in logs and general messages during normal operation of the web server, an attacker does not need to cause an error condition to gain this information.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000630_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" For any enabled "TraceEnable" directives, verify they are part of the server-level configuration (i.e., not nested in a "Directory" or "Location" directive). Verify that the "TraceEnable" directive is set to "Off". If the "TraceEnable" directive is not part of the server-level configuration and/or is not set to "Off", this is a finding. If the directive does not exist in the "conf" file, this is a finding because the default value is "On". If the LogLevel directive is not being used, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000630_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Add or set the value of "EnableTrace" to "Off". Set the "LogLevel" directive to "info" or below.

b
The Apache web server must set an absolute timeout for sessions.
AC-12 - Medium - CCI-002361 - AS24-U1-000640 - AS24-U1-000640_rule
RMF Control
AC-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002361
Version
AS24-U1-000640
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000640
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000640_rule
Leaving sessions open indefinitely is a major security risk. An attacker can easily use an already authenticated session to access the hosted application as the previously authenticated user. By closing sessions after an absolute period of time, the user is forced to reauthenticate, guaranteeing the session is still in use. Enabling an absolute timeout for sessions closes sessions that are still active. Examples would be a runaway process accessing the Apache web server or an attacker using a hijacked session to slowly probe the Apache web server.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000640_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify the "SessionMaxAge" exists. Verify the "SessionMaxAge" is set to "600" or less. If the "SessionMaxAge" directive does not exist or is not set to "600" or less, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000640_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Add or set the "SessionMaxAge" directive to "600" or less.

b
The Apache web server must set an inactive timeout for sessions.
AC-12 - Medium - CCI-002361 - AS24-U1-000650 - AS24-U1-000650_rule
RMF Control
AC-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002361
Version
AS24-U1-000650
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000650
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000650_rule
Leaving sessions open indefinitely is a major security risk. An attacker can easily use an already authenticated session to access the hosted application as the previously authenticated user. By closing sessions after a set period of inactivity, the Apache web server can make certain that those sessions that are not closed through the user logging out of an application are eventually closed. Acceptable values are 5 minutes for high-value applications, 10 minutes for medium-value applications, and 20 minutes for low-value applications.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000650_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify the "mod_reqtimeout" is loaded. If it does not exist, this is a finding. Verify the "RequestReadTimeout" directive is configured. If the "mod_reqtimeout" module is loaded and the "RequestReadTimeout" directive is not configured, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000650_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Load the "mod_reqtimeout" module. Set the "RequestReadTimeout" directive.

c
Remote access to the Apache web server must follow access policy or work in conjunction with enterprise tools designed to enforce policy requirements.
AC-17 - High - CCI-002314 - AS24-U1-000660 - AS24-U1-000660_rule
RMF Control
AC-17
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-002314
Version
AS24-U1-000660
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000660
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000660_rule
Remote access to the Apache web server is any access that communicates through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access can be used to access hosted applications or to perform management functions. A web server can be accessed remotely and must be able to enforce remote access policy requirements or work in conjunction with enterprise tools designed to enforce policy requirements. Examples of the Apache web server enforcing a remote access policy are implementing IP filtering rules, using "https" instead of "http" for communication, implementing secure tokens, and validating users.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000660_chk

If web administration is performed at the console, this check is Not Applicable. If web administration is performed remotely, the following checks will apply. If administration of the server is performed remotely, it will be performed securely and only by System Administrators. If website administration or web application administration has been delegated, those users will be documented and approved by the Information System Security Officer. Remote administration must be in compliance with any requirements contained within the Windows Server STIGs and any applicable network STIGs. Remote administration of any kind will be restricted to documented and authorized personnel. All users performing remote administration must be authenticated. All remote sessions will be encrypted and they will use FIPS 140-2 approved protocols. FIPS 140-2 approved TLS versions include TLS V1.1 or greater. Review with site management how remote administration, if applicable, is configured on the website. If remote management meets the criteria listed above, this is not a finding. If remote management is used and does not meet the criteria listed above, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000660_fix

Ensure the web server administration is performed only over a secure path.

b
The Apache web server must restrict inbound connections from nonsecure zones.
AC-17 - Medium - CCI-002314 - AS24-U1-000670 - AS24-U1-000670_rule
RMF Control
AC-17
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002314
Version
AS24-U1-000670
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000670
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000670_rule
Remote access to the Apache web server is any access that communicates through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access can be used to access hosted applications or to perform management functions. A web server can be accessed remotely and must be capable of restricting access from what the DoD defines as nonsecure zones. Nonsecure zones are defined as any IP, subnet, or region that is defined as a threat to the organization. The nonsecure zones must be defined for public web servers logically located in a DMZ, as well as private web servers with perimeter protection devices. By restricting access from nonsecure zones, through the internal web server access list, the Apache web server can stop or slow denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on the web server.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000670_chk

Determine the location of the "httpd.conf" file by running the following command: httpd -V Review the "HTTPD_ROOT" path. Navigate to the "HTTPD_ROOT"/conf directory. Edit the "httpd.conf" file. If "IP Address Restrictions" are not configured or IP ranges configured to "Allow" are not restrictive enough to prevent connections from nonsecure zones, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000670_fix

Configure the "http.conf" file to include restrictions. Example: <RequireAll> Require not host phishers.example.com sample.example </RequireAll>

b
The Apache web server must be configured to immediately disconnect or disable remote access to the hosted applications.
AC-17 - Medium - CCI-002322 - AS24-U1-000680 - AS24-U1-000680_rule
RMF Control
AC-17
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002322
Version
AS24-U1-000680
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000680
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000680_rule
During an attack on the Apache web server or any of the hosted applications, the System Administrator (SA) may need to disconnect or disable access by users to stop the attack. The Apache web server must be configured to disconnect users from a hosted application without compromising other hosted applications unless deemed necessary to stop the attack. Methods to disconnect or disable connections are to stop the application service for a specified hosted application, stop the Apache web server, or block all connections through the Apache web server access list. The Apache web server capabilities used to disconnect or disable users from connecting to hosted applications and the Apache web server must be documented to make certain that, during an attack, the proper action is taken to conserve connectivity to any other hosted application if possible and to make certain log data is conserved for later forensic analysis.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000680_chk

Interview the SA and Web Manager. Ask for documentation for the Apache web server administration. Verify there are documented procedures for shutting down an Apache website in the event of an attack. The procedure should, at a minimum, provide the following steps: Determine the respective website for the application at risk of an attack. In a command line, enter the following command: "kill -TERM `cat &lt;'INSTALLED PATH'&gt;/logs/httpd.pid`" If the web server is not capable of or cannot be configured to disconnect or disable remote access to the hosted applications when necessary, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000680_fix

Prepare documented procedures for shutting down an Apache website in the event of an attack. The procedure should, at a minimum, provide the following steps: In a command line, enter the following command: "kill -TERM `cat <'INSTALLED PATH'>/logs/httpd.pid`"

b
Non-privileged accounts on the hosting system must only access Apache web server security-relevant information and functions through a distinct administrative account.
AC-6 - Medium - CCI-002235 - AS24-U1-000690 - AS24-U1-000690_rule
RMF Control
AC-6
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002235
Version
AS24-U1-000690
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000690
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000690_rule
By separating Apache web server security functions from non-privileged users, roles can be developed that can then be used to administer the Apache web server. Forcing users to change from a non-privileged account to a privileged account when operating on the Apache web server or on security-relevant information forces users to only operate as a Web Server Administrator when necessary. Operating in this manner allows for better logging of changes and better forensic information and limits accidental changes to the Apache web server.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000690_chk

Determine which tool or control file is used to control the configuration of the web server. If the control of the web server is done via control files, verify who has update access to them. If tools are being used to configure the web server, determine who has access to execute the tools. If accounts other than the System Administrator (SA), the Web Manager, or the Web Manager designees have access to the web administration tool or control files, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000690_fix

Restrict access to the web administration tool to only the System Administrator, Web Manager, or the Web Manager designees.

b
An Apache web server that is part of a web server cluster must route all remote management through a centrally managed access control point.
AU-3 - Medium - CCI-001844 - AS24-U1-000700 - AS24-U1-000700_rule
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001844
Version
AS24-U1-000700
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000700
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000700_rule
A web server cluster is a group of independent web servers that are managed as a single system for higher availability, easier manageability, and greater scalability. Without having centralized control of the web server cluster, management of the cluster becomes difficult. It is critical that remote management of the cluster be done through a designated management system acting as a single access point.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000700_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify the "mod_proxy" is loaded and that the ProxyPass directive is configured. If the "mod_proxy" module is loaded and the "ProxyPass" directive is not configured, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000700_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Load the "mod_proxy" module. Set the "ProxyPass" directive.

b
The Apache web server must generate log records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
AU-8 - Medium - CCI-001890 - AS24-U1-000750 - AS24-U1-000750_rule
RMF Control
AU-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001890
Version
AS24-U1-000750
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000750
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000750_rule
If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis across multiple devices and log records. Time stamps generated by the Apache web server include date and time. Time is commonly expressed in UTC, a modern continuation of GMT, or local time with an offset from UTC.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000750_chk

Review the web server documentation and configuration to determine the time stamp format for log data. In a command line, run "httpd -M" to view a list of installed modules. If "log_config_module" is not listed, this is a finding. Review the "httpd.conf" file. Verify the "LogFormat" directive exists. If it does not exist, this is a finding. Verify the "LogFormat" line contains the %t flag. If %t is not present, time is not mapped to UTC or GMT time, and this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000750_fix

In a command line, run "httpd -M" to view a list of installed modules. If "log_config_module" is not listed, enable this module. Review the "httpd.conf" file. Determine if the "LogFormat" directive exists. If it does not exist, ensure the "LogFormat" line contains the %t flag.

b
The Apache web server must record time stamps for log records to a minimum granularity of one second.
AU-8 - Medium - CCI-001889 - AS24-U1-000760 - AS24-U1-000760_rule
RMF Control
AU-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001889
Version
AS24-U1-000760
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000760
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000760_rule
Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records. Time stamps generated by the Apache web server include date and time and must be to a granularity of one second.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000760_chk

Review the web server documentation and configuration to determine the time stamp format for log data. In a command line, run "httpd -M" to view a list of installed modules. If "log_config_module" is not listed, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "httpd.conf" file by running the following command: httpd -V Review the "HTTPD_ROOT" path. Navigate to the "HTTPD_ROOT"/conf directory. Edit the "httpd.conf" file. Verify the "LogFormat" directive exists. If it does not exist, this is a finding. Verify the "LogFormat" line contains the %t flag. If %t is not present, time is not mapped to UTC or GMT time, and this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000760_fix

In a command line, run "httpd -M" to view a list of installed modules. If "log_config_module" is not listed, enable this module. Determine the location of the "httpd.conf" file by running the following command: httpd -V Review the "HTTPD_ROOT" path. Navigate to the "HTTPD_ROOT"/conf directory. Edit the "httpd.conf" file. Determine if the "LogFormat" directive exists. If it does not exist, ensure the "LogFormat" line contains the %t flag.

b
The Apache web server application, libraries, and configuration files must only be accessible to privileged users.
CM-5 - Medium - CCI-001813 - AS24-U1-000770 - AS24-U1-000770_rule
RMF Control
CM-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001813
Version
AS24-U1-000770
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000770
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000770_rule
An Apache web server can be modified through parameter modification, patch installation, upgrades to the web server or modules, and security parameter changes. With each of these changes, there is the potential for an adverse effect such as a denial of service (DoS), web server instability, or hosted application instability. To limit changes to the Apache web server and limit exposure to any adverse effects from the changes, files such as the web server application files, libraries, and configuration files must have permissions and ownership set properly to only allow privileged users to have access.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000770_chk

Obtain a list of the user accounts for the system, noting the privileges for each account. Verify with the System Administrator (SA) or the Information System Security Officer (ISSO) that all privileged accounts are mission essential and documented. Verify with the SA or the ISSO that all non-administrator access to shell scripts and operating system functions are mission essential and documented. If undocumented privileged accounts are present, this is a finding. If undocumented access to shell scripts or operating system functions is present, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000770_fix

Ensure non-administrators are not allowed access to the directory tree, the shell, or other operating system functions and utilities.

b
The Apache web server must prohibit or restrict the use of nonsecure or unnecessary ports, protocols, modules, and/or services.
CM-7 - Medium - CCI-001762 - AS24-U1-000780 - AS24-U1-000780_rule
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001762
Version
AS24-U1-000780
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000780
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000780_rule
Web servers provide numerous processes, features, and functionalities that use TCP/IP ports. Some of these processes may be deemed unnecessary or too unsecure to run on a production system. The Apache web server must provide the capability to disable or deactivate network-related services that are deemed to be non-essential to the server mission, are too unsecure, or are prohibited by the Ports, Protocols, and Services Management (PPSM) Category Assurance List (CAL) and vulnerability assessments.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000780_chk

Review the website to determine if HTTP and HTTPs are used in accordance with well known ports (e.g., 80 and 443) or those ports and services as registered and approved for use by the DoD PPSM. Any variation in PPS will be documented, registered, and approved by the PPSM. If not, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000780_fix

Ensure the website enforces the use of IANA well-known ports for HTTP and HTTPS.

b
The Apache web server must only accept client certificates issued by DoD PKI or DoD-approved PKI Certification Authorities (CAs).
SC-23 - Medium - CCI-002470 - AS24-U1-000800 - AS24-U1-000800_rule
RMF Control
SC-23
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002470
Version
AS24-U1-000800
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000800
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000800_rule
Non-DoD-approved PKIs have not been evaluated to ensure they have security controls and identity vetting procedures in place that are sufficient for DoD systems to rely on the identity asserted in the certificate. PKIs lacking sufficient security controls and identity vetting procedures risk being compromised and issuing certificates that enable adversaries to impersonate legitimate users.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000800_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "ssl.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" Review &lt;'HTTPD_ROOT'&gt;/conf.d/ssl.conf. Look for the "SSLCACertificateFile" directive. Review the path of the "SSLCACertificateFile" directive. Review the contents of &lt;'path of cert'&gt;\ca-bundle.crt. Examine the contents of this file to determine if the trusted CAs are DoD approved. If the trusted CA that is used to authenticate users to the website does not lead to an approved DoD CA, this is a finding. NOTE: There are non-DoD roots that must be on the server for it to function. Some applications, such as antivirus programs, require root CAs to function. DoD-approved certificate can include the External Certificate Authorities (ECA) if approved by the AO. The PKE InstallRoot 3.06 System Administrator Guide (SAG), dated 08 Jul 2008, contains a complete list of DoD, ECA, and IECA CAs.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000800_fix

Configure the web server’s trust store to trust only DoD-approved PKIs (e.g., DoD PKI, DoD ECA, and DoD-approved external partners).

b
The Apache web server must be protected from being stopped by a non-privileged user.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - AS24-U1-000820 - AS24-U1-000820_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
AS24-U1-000820
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000820
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000820_rule
An attacker has at least two reasons to stop a web server. The first is to cause a denial of service (DoS), and the second is to put in place changes the attacker made to the web server configuration. To prohibit an attacker from stopping the Apache web server, the process ID (pid) of the web server and the utilities used to start/stop it must be protected from access by non-privileged users. By knowing the "pid" and having access to the Apache web server utilities, a non-privileged user has a greater capability of stopping the server, whether intentionally or unintentionally.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000820_chk

Review the web server documentation and deployed configuration to determine where the process ID is stored and which utilities are used to start/stop the web server. Determine where the "httpd.pid" file is located by running the following command: find / -name "httpd.pid"   This file is automatically generated upon service start. Verify the file is owner/group root:   ls -lah &lt;'httpd.pid location'&gt;/httpd.pid   If the file owner/group is not root, this is a finding.   Verify the service utilities to manage the Apache service are owner/group root:   ls -lah /usr/sbin/service ls -lah /usr/sbin/apachectl   If they are not, this is a finding.   Determine whether the process ID and the utilities are protected from non-privileged users.   If they are not protected, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000820_fix

Review the web server documentation and deployed configuration to determine where the process ID is stored and which utilities are used to start/stop the web server. Determine where the "httpd.pid" file is located by running the following command: find / -name "httpd.pid" Run the following commands:   # cd <'httpd.pid location'>/ # chown root.root httpd.pid  # chmod 644 httpd.pid  # cd /usr/sbin  # chown root.root service apachectl  # chmod 755 service apachectl

b
The Apache web server must be tuned to handle the operational requirements of the hosted application.
SC-5 - Medium - CCI-002385 - AS24-U1-000830 - AS24-U1-000830_rule
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002385
Version
AS24-U1-000830
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000830
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000830_rule
A denial of service (DoS) can occur when the Apache web server is so overwhelmed that it can no longer respond to additional requests. A web server not properly tuned may become overwhelmed and cause a DoS condition even with expected traffic from users. To avoid a DoS, the Apache web server must be tuned to handle the expected traffic for the hosted applications.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000830_chk

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Verify the "Timeout" directive is specified in the Apache configuration files to have a value of "10" seconds or less. If the Timeout directive is not configured or is set for more than "10" seconds, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000830_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Add or modify the "Timeout" directive in the Apache configuration to have a value of "10" seconds or less: "Timeout 10"

b
The Apache web server must employ cryptographic mechanisms (TLS/DTLS/SSL) preventing the unauthorized disclosure of information during transmission.
SC-8 - Medium - CCI-002418 - AS24-U1-000840 - AS24-U1-000840_rule
RMF Control
SC-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002418
Version
AS24-U1-000840
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000840
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000840_rule
Preventing the disclosure of transmitted information requires that the Apache web server take measures to employ some form of cryptographic mechanism to protect the information during transmission. This is usually achieved through the use of Transport Layer Security (TLS). Transmission of data can take place between the Apache web server and a large number of devices/applications external to the web server. Examples are a web client used by a user, a backend database, an audit server, or other web servers in a web cluster. If data is transmitted unencrypted, the data then becomes vulnerable to disclosure. The disclosure may reveal user identifier/password combinations, website code revealing business logic, or other user personal information.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000840_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the "SSLProtocol" directive does not exist or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000840_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server session IDs must be sent to the client using SSL/TLS.
SC-8 - Medium - CCI-002418 - AS24-U1-000850 - AS24-U1-000850_rule
RMF Control
SC-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002418
Version
AS24-U1-000850
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000850
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000850_rule
The HTTP protocol is a stateless protocol. To maintain a session, a session identifier is used. The session identifier is a piece of data that is used to identify a session and a user. If the session identifier is compromised by an attacker, the session can be hijacked. By encrypting the session identifier, the identifier becomes more difficult for an attacker to hijack, decrypt, and use before the session has expired.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000850_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the SSLProtocol does not exist or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000850_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server cookies, such as session cookies, sent to the client using SSL/TLS must not be compressed.
SC-8 - Medium - CCI-002418 - AS24-U1-000860 - AS24-U1-000860_rule
RMF Control
SC-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002418
Version
AS24-U1-000860
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000860
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000860_rule
A cookie is used when a web server needs to share data with the client's browser. The data is often used to remember the client when the client returns to the hosted application at a later date. A session cookie is a special type of cookie used to remember the client during the session. The cookie will contain the session identifier (ID) and may contain authentication data to the hosted application. To protect this data from easily being compromised, the cookie can be encrypted. When a cookie is sent encrypted via SSL/TLS, an attacker must spend a great deal of time and resources to decrypt the cookie. If, along with encryption, the cookie is compressed, the attacker can now use a combination of plaintext injection and inadvertent information leakage through data compression to reduce the time needed to decrypt the cookie. This attack is called Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy (CRIME). Cookies shared between the Apache web server and the client when encrypted should not also be compressed.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000860_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If "ssl_module" is not listed, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLCompression" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLCompression" If the "SSLCompression" directive does not exist or is set to "on", this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000860_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLCompression" is added and looks like the following: SSLCompression off Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
Cookies exchanged between the Apache web server and the client, such as session cookies, must have cookie properties set to prohibit client-side scripts from reading the cookie data.
SC-8 - Medium - CCI-002418 - AS24-U1-000870 - AS24-U1-000870_rule
RMF Control
SC-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002418
Version
AS24-U1-000870
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000870
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000870_rule
A cookie can be read by client-side scripts easily if cookie properties are not set properly. By allowing cookies to be read by the client-side scripts, information such as session identifiers could be compromised and used by an attacker who intercepts the cookie. Setting cookie properties (i.e., HttpOnly property) to disallow client-side scripts from reading cookies better protects the information inside the cookie.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000870_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i session_cookie_module". Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "Session" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "Session" If the "Session" and "SessionCookieName" directives are not present, this is a finding. If "Session" is not set to "on" and "SessionCookieName" does not contain "httpOnly" and "secure", this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000870_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Set "Session" to "on". Ensure the "SessionCookieName" directive includes "httpOnly" and "secure".

b
Cookies exchanged between the Apache web server and the client, such as session cookies, must have cookie properties set to force the encryption of cookies.
SC-8 - Medium - CCI-002418 - AS24-U1-000880 - AS24-U1-000880_rule
RMF Control
SC-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002418
Version
AS24-U1-000880
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000880
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000880_rule
Cookies can be sent to a client using TLS/SSL to encrypt the cookies, but TLS/SSL is not used by every hosted application since the data being displayed does not require the encryption of the transmission. To safeguard against cookies, especially session cookies, being sent in plaintext, a cookie can be encrypted before transmission. To force a cookie to be encrypted before transmission, the cookie "Secure" property can be set.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000880_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i session_cookie_module". Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "Session" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "Session" If the "Session" and "SessionCookieName" directives are not present, this is a finding. If "Session" is not set to "on" and "SessionCookieName" does not contain "httpOnly" and "secure", this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000880_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Set "Session" to "on". Ensure the "SessionCookieName" directive includes "httpOnly" and "secure".

b
The Apache web server must remove all export ciphers to protect the confidentiality and integrity of transmitted information.
SC-8 - Medium - CCI-002418 - AS24-U1-000900 - AS24-U1-000900_rule
RMF Control
SC-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002418
Version
AS24-U1-000900
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000900
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000900_rule
During the initial setup of a Transport Layer Security (TLS) connection to the Apache web server, the client sends a list of supported cipher suites in order of preference. The Apache web server will reply with the cipher suite it will use for communication from the client list. If an attacker can intercept the submission of cipher suites to the Apache web server and place, as the preferred cipher suite, a weak export suite, the encryption used for the session becomes easy for the attacker to break, often within minutes to hours.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000900_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If "ssl_module" is not listed, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLCipherSuite" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLCipherSuite" If the "SSLCipherSuite" directive does not exist or does not remove non-FIPS-approved ciphers, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000900_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLCipherSuite" is added and removes any non-FIPS-approved ciphers. Example: SSLCipherSuite ALL:!EXP:!NULL:!LOW:!SSLv2:!MD5:!RC4:!aNULL:!3DES:!IDEA Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must maintain the confidentiality and integrity of information during reception.
SC-8 - Medium - CCI-002422 - AS24-U1-000920 - AS24-U1-000920_rule
RMF Control
SC-8
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002422
Version
AS24-U1-000920
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000920
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000920_rule
Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during reception, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, and during packing/unpacking. These unauthorized disclosures or modifications compromise the confidentiality or integrity of the information. Protecting the confidentiality and integrity of received information requires that application servers take measures to employ approved cryptography in order to protect the information during transmission over the network. This is usually achieved through the use of Transport Layer Security (TLS), SSL VPN, or IPsec tunnel. The Apache web server must use approved encryption when receiving transmitted data.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000920_chk

In a command line, run "httpd -M | grep -i ssl_module". If the "ssl_module" is not enabled, this is a finding. Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Search for the directive "SSLProtocol" in the "httpd.conf" file: # cat /&lt;path_to_file&gt;/httpd.conf | grep -i "SSLProtocol" If the "SSLProtocol" directive does not exist or does not look like the following, this is a finding: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 If the TLS version is not TLS 1.2 or higher, according to NIST SP 800-52 Rev 2, or if non-FIPS-approved algorithms are enabled, this is a finding. NOTE: In some cases, web servers are configured in an environment to support load balancing. This configuration most likely uses a content switch to control traffic to the various web servers. In this situation, the TLS certificate for the websites may be installed on the content switch versus the individual websites. This solution is acceptable as long as the web servers are isolated from the general population LAN. Users should not have the ability to bypass the content switch to access the websites.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000920_fix

Determine the location of the "HTTPD_ROOT" directory and the "httpd.conf" file: # httpd -V | egrep -i 'httpd_root|server_config_file' -D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Ensure the "SSLProtocol" is added and looks like the following: SSLProtocol -ALL +TLSv1.2 Restart Apache: apachectl restart

b
The Apache web server must install security-relevant software updates within the configured time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g., IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs).
SI-2 - Medium - CCI-002605 - AS24-U1-000930 - AS24-U1-000930_rule
RMF Control
SI-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002605
Version
AS24-U1-000930
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000930
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000930_rule
Security flaws with software applications are discovered daily. Vendors are constantly updating and patching their products to address newly discovered security vulnerabilities. Organizations (including any contractor to the organization) are required to promptly install security-relevant software updates (e.g., patches, service packs, and hot fixes). Flaws discovered during security assessments, continuous monitoring, incident response activities, or information system error handling must also be addressed expeditiously. The Apache web server will be configured to check for and install security-relevant software updates from an authoritative source within an identified time period from the availability of the update. By default, this time period will be every 24 hours.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000930_chk

Determine the most recent patch level of the Apache Web Server 2.4 software, as posted on the Apache HTTP Server Project website. In a command line, type "httpd -v". If the version is more than one version behind the most recent patch level, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000930_fix

Install the current version of the web server software and maintain appropriate service packs and patches.

c
All accounts installed with the Apache web server software and tools must have passwords assigned and default passwords changed.
CM-6 - High - CCI-000366 - AS24-U1-000940 - AS24-U1-000940_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
AS24-U1-000940
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000940
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000940_rule
During installation of the Apache web server software, accounts are created for the Apache web server to operate properly. The accounts installed can have either no password installed or a default password, which will be known and documented by the vendor and the user community. The first things an attacker will try when presented with a logon screen are the default user identifiers with default passwords. Installed applications may also install accounts with no password, making the logon even easier. Once the Apache web server is installed, the passwords for any created accounts should be changed and documented. The new passwords must meet the requirements for all passwords, i.e., upper/lower characters, numbers, special characters, time until change, reuse policy, etc. Service accounts or system accounts that have no logon capability do not need to have passwords set or changed.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000940_chk

Review the configured users. If the default "apache" user is being used to run Apache, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000940_fix

Create a new non-privileged account to run the Apache processes through.

a
The Apache web server must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security configuration or implementation guidance, including STIGs, NSA configuration guides, CTOs, and DTMs.
CM-6 - Low - CCI-000366 - AS24-U1-000950 - AS24-U1-000950_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
AS24-U1-000950
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000950
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000950_rule
Configuring the Apache web server to implement organization-wide security implementation guides and security checklists guarantees compliance with federal standards and establishes a common security baseline across the DoD that reflects the most restrictive security posture consistent with operational requirements. Configuration settings are the set of parameters that can be changed that affect the security posture and/or functionality of the system. Security-related parameters are parameters impacting the security state of the Apache web server, including those required to satisfy other security control requirements.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000950_chk

Review the website to determine if "HTTP" and "HTTPS" are used in accordance with well-known ports (e.g., 80 and 443) or those ports and services as registered and approved for use by the DoD Ports, Protocols, and Services Management (PPSM). Verify that any variation in PPS is documented, registered, and approved by the PPSM. If well-known ports and services are not approved for used by PPSM, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000950_fix

Ensure the website enforces the use of IANA well-known ports for "HTTP" and "HTTPS".

c
The Apache web server software must be a vendor-supported version.
CM-6 - High - CCI-000366 - AS24-U1-000960 - AS24-U1-000960_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
AS24-U1-000960
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000960
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000960_rule
Many vulnerabilities are associated with older versions of web server software. As hot fixes and patches are issued, these solutions are included in the next version of the server software. Maintaining the web server at a current version makes the efforts of a malicious user to exploit the web service more difficult.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000960_chk

Determine the version of the Apache software that is running on the system by entering the following command: httpd -v If the version of Apache is not at the following version or higher, this is a finding: Apache 2.4 (February 2012) NOTE: In some situations, the Apache software that is being used is supported by another vendor, such as Oracle in the case of the Oracle Application Server or IBM's HTTP Server. The versions of the software in these cases may not match the version number noted above. If the site can provide vendor documentation showing the version of the web server is supported, this would not be a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000960_fix

Install the current version of the web server software and maintain appropriate service packs and patches.

b
The Apache web server htpasswd files (if present) must reflect proper ownership and permissions.
CM-6 - Medium - CCI-000366 - AS24-U1-000970 - AS24-U1-000970_rule
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
AS24-U1-000970
Vuln IDs
  • AS24-U1-000970
Rule IDs
  • AS24-U1-000970_rule
In addition to OS restrictions, access rights to files and directories can be set on a website using the web server software. That is, in addition to allowing or denying all access rights, a rule can be specified that allows or denies partial access rights. For example, users can be given read-only access rights to files to view the information but not change the files. This check verifies that the htpasswd file is only accessible by System Administrators (SAs) or Web Managers, with the account running the web service having group permissions of read and execute. "htpasswd" is a utility used by Netscape and Apache to provide for password access to designated websites.
Checks: C-AS24-U1-000970_chk

Locate the htpasswd file by entering the following command: find / -name htpasswd Navigate to that directory. Run: ls -l htpasswd Permissions should be: r-x r - x - - - (550) If permissions on "htpasswd" are greater than "550", this is a finding. Verify the owner is the SA or Web Manager account. If another account has access to this file, this is a finding.

Fix: F-AS24-U1-000970_fix

Ensure the SA or Web Manager account owns the "htpasswd" file. Ensure permissions are set to "550".