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c

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the cryptographic hash of system files and commands matches vendor values.

RMF Control: CM-5
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-001749
Version: OL07-00-010020
Vuln IDs: V-221653
Rule IDs: SV-221653r1015161_rule

Without cryptographic integrity protections, system command and files can be altered by unauthorized users without detection. Cryptographic mechanisms used for protecting the integrity of information include, for example, signed hash functions using asymmetric cryptography enabling distribution of the public key to verify the hash information while maintaining the confidentiality of the key used to generate the hash.

Fix: F-36229r602390_fix

Run the following command to determine which package owns the file: # rpm -qf <filename> The package can be reinstalled from a yum repository using the command: # sudo yum reinstall <packagename> Alternatively, the package can be reinstalled from trusted media using the command: # sudo rpm -Uvh <packagename>

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting local or remote access to the system via a graphical user logon.

RMF Control: AC-8
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000048
Version: OL07-00-010030
Vuln IDs: V-221654
Rule IDs: SV-221654r958390_rule

The display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. System use notifications are required only for access via logon interfaces with human users and are not required when such human interfaces do not exist. The banner must be formatted in accordance with applicable DoD policy. Use the following verbiage for operating systems that can accommodate banners of 1300 characters: "You are accessing a U.S. Government (USG) Information System (IS) that is provided for USG-authorized use only. By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions: -The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations. -At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS. -Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose. -This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests--not for your personal benefit or privacy. -Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details." Satisfies: SRG-OS-000023-GPOS-00006, SRG-OS-000024-GPOS-00007, SRG-OS-000228-GPOS-00088

Fix: F-23358r419035_fix

Configure the operating system to display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the system. Note: If the system does not have GNOME installed, this requirement is Not Applicable. Create a database to contain the system-wide graphical user logon settings (if it does not already exist) with the following command: # touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/01-banner-message Add the following line to the [org/gnome/login-screen] section of the "/etc/dconf/db/local.d/01-banner-message": [org/gnome/login-screen] banner-message-enable=true Update the system databases: # dconf update Users must log out, and then log in again before the system-wide settings take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must enable a user session lock until that user re-establishes access using established identification and authentication procedures.

RMF Control: AC-11
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000056
Version: OL07-00-010060
Vuln IDs: V-221657
Rule IDs: SV-221657r1015162_rule

A session lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system but does not want to log out because of the temporary nature of the absence. The session lock is implemented at the point where session activity can be determined. Regardless of where the session lock is determined and implemented, once invoked, the session lock must remain in place until the user reauthenticates. No other activity aside from reauthentication must unlock the system. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000028-GPOS-00009, SRG-OS-000030-GPOS-00011

Fix: F-23361r880599_fix

Configure the operating system to enable a user's session lock until that user re-establishes access using established identification and authentication procedures. Create a database to contain the system-wide screensaver settings (if it does not already exist) with the following example: # touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-screensaver Edit the "[org/gnome/desktop/screensaver]" section of the database file and add or update the following lines: # Set this to true to lock the screen when the screensaver activates lock-enabled=true Update the system databases: # dconf update Users must log out and then log in again before the system-wide settings take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must uniquely identify and must authenticate users using multifactor authentication via a graphical user logon.

RMF Control: IA-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001948
Version: OL07-00-010061
Vuln IDs: V-221658
Rule IDs: SV-221658r1015163_rule

To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system. Multifactor solutions that require devices separate from information systems gaining access include, for example, hardware tokens providing time-based or challenge-response authenticators and smart cards such as the U.S. Government Personal Identity Verification card and the DoD Common Access Card. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000375-GPOS-00161, SRG-OS-000377-GPOS-00162

Fix: F-23362r419047_fix

Configure the operating system to uniquely identify and authenticate users using multifactor authentication via a graphical user logon. Note: If the system does not have GNOME installed, this requirement is Not Applicable. Create a database to contain the system-wide screensaver settings (if it does not already exist) with the following command: Note: The example is using the local system database, so if the system is using another database in "/etc/dconf/profile/user", create the file under the appropriate subdirectory. # touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-defaults Edit "[org/gnome/login-screen]" and add or update the following line: enable-smartcard-authentication=true Update the system databases: # dconf update

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must initiate a screensaver after a 15-minute period of inactivity for graphical user interfaces.

RMF Control: AC-11
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000057
Version: OL07-00-010070
Vuln IDs: V-221660
Rule IDs: SV-221660r958402_rule

A session time-out lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system, but does not log out because of the temporary nature of the absence. Rather than relying on the user to lock the operating system session manually prior to leaving the workstation, operating systems must be able to identify when a user's session has idled, and take action to initiate the session lock. The session lock is implemented at the point where session activity can be determined and/or controlled.

Fix: F-23364r880605_fix

Configure the operating system to initiate a screensaver after a 15-minute period of inactivity for graphical user interfaces. Create a database to contain the system-wide screensaver settings (if it does not already exist) with the following command: # touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-screensaver Edit /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-screensaver and add or update the following lines: [org/gnome/desktop/session] # Set the lock time out to 900 seconds before the session is considered idle idle-delay=uint32 900 You must include the "uint32" along with the integer key values as shown. Update the system databases: # dconf update Users must log out and then log in again before the system-wide settings take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must prevent a user from overriding the screensaver lock-delay setting for the graphical user interface.

RMF Control: AC-11
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000057
Version: OL07-00-010081
Vuln IDs: V-221661
Rule IDs: SV-221661r958402_rule

A session time-out lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system but does not log out because of the temporary nature of the absence. Rather than relying on the user to lock the operating system session manually prior to leaving the workstation, operating systems must be able to identify when a user's session has idled, and take action to initiate the session lock. The session lock is implemented at the point where session activity can be determined and/or controlled.

Fix: F-23365r880608_fix

Configure the operating system to prevent a user from overriding a screensaver lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity for graphical user interfaces. Create a database to contain the system-wide screensaver settings (if it does not already exist) with the following command: Note: The example below is using the database "local" for the system, so if the system is using another database in "/etc/dconf/profile/user", the file should be created under the appropriate subdirectory. # touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks/session Add the setting to lock the screensaver lock delay: /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-delay

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must initiate a session lock for the screensaver after a period of inactivity for graphical user interfaces.

RMF Control: AC-11
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000057
Version: OL07-00-010100
Vuln IDs: V-221664
Rule IDs: SV-221664r958402_rule

A session time-out lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system but does not log out because of the temporary nature of the absence. Rather than relying on the user to manually lock their operating system session prior to vacating the vicinity, operating systems must be able to identify when a user's session has idled and take action to initiate the session lock. The session lock is implemented at the point where session activity can be determined and/or controlled.

Fix: F-36231r880617_fix

Configure the operating system to initiate a session lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity for graphical user interfaces. Create a database to contain the system-wide screensaver settings (if it does not already exist) with the following command: # touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-screensaver Add the setting to enable screensaver locking after 15 minutes of inactivity: [org/gnome/desktop/screensaver] idle-activation-enabled=true Update the system databases: # dconf update Users must log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must prevent a user from overriding the screensaver idle-activation-enabled setting for the graphical user interface.

RMF Control: AC-11
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000057
Version: OL07-00-010101
Vuln IDs: V-221665
Rule IDs: SV-221665r958402_rule

A session lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system but does not want to log out because of the temporary nature of the absence. The session lock is implemented at the point where session activity can be determined. The ability to enable/disable a session lock is given to the user by default. Disabling the user's ability to disengage the graphical user interface session lock provides the assurance that all sessions will lock after the specified period of time.

Fix: F-23369r880620_fix

Configure the operating system to prevent a user from overriding a screensaver lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity for graphical user interfaces. Create a database to contain the system-wide screensaver settings (if it does not already exist) with the following command: Note: The example below is using the database "local" for the system, so if the system is using another database in "/etc/dconf/profile/user", the file should be created under the appropriate subdirectory. # touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks/session Add the setting to lock the screensaver idle-activation-enabled setting: /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/idle-activation-enabled

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must initiate a session lock for graphical user interfaces when the screensaver is activated.

RMF Control: AC-11
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000057
Version: OL07-00-010110
Vuln IDs: V-221666
Rule IDs: SV-221666r958402_rule

A session time-out lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system but does not log out because of the temporary nature of the absence. Rather than relying on the user to lock their operating system session manually prior to leaving the workstation, operating systems must be able to identify when a user's session has idled, and take action to initiate the session lock. The session lock is implemented at the point where session activity can be determined and/or controlled.

Fix: F-23370r880623_fix

Configure the operating system to initiate a session lock for graphical user interfaces when a screensaver is activated. Create a database to contain the system-wide screensaver settings (if it does not already exist) with the following command: # touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-screensaver Add the setting to enable session locking when a screensaver is activated: [org/gnome/desktop/screensaver] lock-delay=uint32 5 The "uint32" must be included along with the integer key values as shown. Update the system databases: # dconf update Users must log out and then log in again before the system-wide settings take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that /etc/pam.d/passwd implements /etc/pam.d/system-auth when changing passwords.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000192
Version: OL07-00-010118
Vuln IDs: V-221667
Rule IDs: SV-221667r1015164_rule

Pluggable authentication modules (PAM) allow for a modular approach to integrating authentication methods. PAM operates in a top-down processing model and if the modules are not listed in the correct order, an important security function could be bypassed if stack entries are not centralized.

Fix: F-23371r419074_fix

Configure PAM to utilize /etc/pam.d/system-auth when changing passwords. Add the following line to "/etc/pam.d/passwd" (or modify the line to have the required value): password substack system-auth

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed or new passwords are established, pwquality must be used.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000192
Version: OL07-00-010119
Vuln IDs: V-221668
Rule IDs: SV-221668r1015165_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. "pwquality" enforces complex password construction configuration and has the ability to limit brute-force attacks on the system. Satisfied: SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00229, SRG-OS-000069-GPOS-00037

Fix: F-23372r902778_fix

Configure the operating system to use "pwquality" to enforce password complexity rules. Add the following line to "/etc/pam.d/system-auth" (or modify the line to have the required value): password requisite pam_pwquality.so retry=3 Note: The value of "retry" should be between "1" and "3".

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed or new passwords are established, the new password must contain at least one upper-case character.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000192
Version: OL07-00-010120
Vuln IDs: V-221669
Rule IDs: SV-221669r1015166_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one of several factors that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that must be tested before the password is compromised.

Fix: F-23373r419080_fix

Configure the operating system to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used by setting the "ucredit" option. Add the following line to "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" (or modify the line to have the required value): ucredit = -1

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed or new passwords are established, the new password must contain at least one lower-case character.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000193
Version: OL07-00-010130
Vuln IDs: V-221670
Rule IDs: SV-221670r1015167_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one of several factors that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that must be tested before the password is compromised.

Fix: F-23374r419083_fix

Configure the system to require at least one lower-case character when creating or changing a password. Add or modify the following line in "/etc/security/pwquality.conf": lcredit = -1

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed or new passwords are assigned, the new password must contain at least one numeric character.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000194
Version: OL07-00-010140
Vuln IDs: V-221671
Rule IDs: SV-221671r1015168_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one of several factors that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that must be tested before the password is compromised.

Fix: F-23375r419086_fix

Configure the operating system to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used by setting the "dcredit" option. Add the following line to /etc/security/pwquality.conf (or modify the line to have the required value): dcredit = -1

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed or new passwords are established, the new password must contain at least one special character.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001619
Version: OL07-00-010150
Vuln IDs: V-221672
Rule IDs: SV-221672r1015169_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.

Fix: F-23376r419089_fix

Configure the operating system to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used by setting the "ocredit" option. Add the following line to "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" (or modify the line to have the required value): ocredit = -1

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed a minimum of eight of the total number of characters must be changed.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000195
Version: OL07-00-010160
Vuln IDs: V-221673
Rule IDs: SV-221673r1015170_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.

Fix: F-23377r419092_fix

Configure the operating system to require the change of at least eight of the total number of characters when passwords are changed by setting the "difok" option. Add the following line to "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" (or modify the line to have the required value): difok = 8

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed a minimum of four character classes must be changed.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000195
Version: OL07-00-010170
Vuln IDs: V-221674
Rule IDs: SV-221674r1015171_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.

Fix: F-23378r419095_fix

Configure the operating system to require the change of at least four character classes when passwords are changed by setting the "minclass" option. Add the following line to "/etc/security/pwquality.conf conf" (or modify the line to have the required value): minclass = 4

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed the number of repeating consecutive characters must not be more than three characters.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000195
Version: OL07-00-010180
Vuln IDs: V-221675
Rule IDs: SV-221675r1015172_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one of several factors that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.

Fix: F-23379r419098_fix

Configure the operating system to require the change of the number of repeating consecutive characters when passwords are changed by setting the "maxrepeat" option. Add the following line to "/etc/security/pwquality.conf conf" (or modify the line to have the required value): maxrepeat = 3

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed the number of repeating characters of the same character class must not be more than four characters.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000195
Version: OL07-00-010190
Vuln IDs: V-221676
Rule IDs: SV-221676r1015173_rule

Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one of several factors that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.

Fix: F-23380r419101_fix

Configure the operating system to require the change of the number of repeating characters of the same character class when passwords are changed by setting the "maxclassrepeat" option. Add the following line to "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" conf (or modify the line to have the required value): maxclassrepeat = 4

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the PAM system service is configured to store only encrypted representations of passwords.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000196
Version: OL07-00-010200
Vuln IDs: V-221677
Rule IDs: SV-221677r1015174_rule

Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised. Passwords encrypted with a weak algorithm are no more protected than if they are kept in plain text.

Fix: F-23381r917839_fix

Configure the operating system to store only SHA512 encrypted representations of passwords. Add the following line in "/etc/pam.d/system-auth": password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow try_first_pass use_authtok Add the following line in "/etc/pam.d/password-auth": password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow try_first_pass use_authtok Note: Per requirement OL07-00-010199, Oracle Linux 7 must be configured to not overwrite custom authentication configuration settings while using the authconfig utility; otherwise, manual changes to the listed files will be overwritten whenever the authconfig utility is used.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured to use the shadow file to store only encrypted representations of passwords.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000196
Version: OL07-00-010210
Vuln IDs: V-221678
Rule IDs: SV-221678r1015175_rule

Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised. Passwords encrypted with a weak algorithm are no more protected than if they are kept in plain text.

Fix: F-23382r419107_fix

Configure the operating system to store only SHA512 encrypted representations of passwords. Add or update the following line in "/etc/login.defs": ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that user and group account administration utilities are configured to store only encrypted representations of passwords.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000196
Version: OL07-00-010220
Vuln IDs: V-221680
Rule IDs: SV-221680r1015176_rule

Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised. Passwords encrypted with a weak algorithm are no more protected than if they are kept in plain text.

Fix: F-23384r419113_fix

Configure the operating system to store only SHA512 encrypted representations of passwords. Add or update the following line in "/etc/libuser.conf" in the [defaults] section: crypt_style = sha512

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that passwords for new users are restricted to a 24 hours/1 day minimum lifetime.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000198
Version: OL07-00-010230
Vuln IDs: V-221681
Rule IDs: SV-221681r1015177_rule

Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps to prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement. If users are allowed to immediately and continually change their password, the password could be repeatedly changed in a short period of time to defeat the organization's policy regarding password reuse.

Fix: F-23385r419116_fix

Configure the operating system to enforce 24 hours/1 day as the minimum password lifetime. Add the following line in "/etc/login.defs" (or modify the line to have the required value): PASS_MIN_DAYS 1

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that passwords are restricted to a 24 hours/1 day minimum lifetime.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000198
Version: OL07-00-010240
Vuln IDs: V-221682
Rule IDs: SV-221682r1015178_rule

Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps to prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement. If users are allowed to immediately and continually change their password, the password could be repeatedly changed in a short period of time to defeat the organization's policy regarding password reuse.

Fix: F-23386r419119_fix

Configure non-compliant accounts to enforce a 24 hours/1 day minimum password lifetime: # chage -m 1 [user]

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that passwords for new users are restricted to a 60-day maximum lifetime.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000199
Version: OL07-00-010250
Vuln IDs: V-221683
Rule IDs: SV-221683r1015179_rule

Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, passwords need to be changed periodically. If the operating system does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force users to change their passwords, there is the risk that the operating system passwords could be compromised.

Fix: F-23387r419122_fix

Configure the operating system to enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction. Add the following line in "/etc/login.defs" (or modify the line to have the required value): PASS_MAX_DAYS 60

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that existing passwords are restricted to a 60-day maximum lifetime.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000199
Version: OL07-00-010260
Vuln IDs: V-221684
Rule IDs: SV-221684r1015180_rule

Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, passwords need to be changed periodically. If the operating system does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force users to change their passwords, there is the risk that the operating system passwords could be compromised.

Fix: F-23388r419125_fix

Configure non-compliant accounts to enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction. # chage -M 60 [user]

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that passwords are a minimum of 15 characters in length.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000205
Version: OL07-00-010280
Vuln IDs: V-221686
Rule IDs: SV-221686r1015181_rule

The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. Use of more characters in a password helps to increase exponentially the time and/or resources required to compromise the password.

Fix: F-23390r419131_fix

Configure operating system to enforce a minimum 15-character password length. Add the following line to "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" (or modify the line to have the required value): minlen = 15

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not allow accounts configured with blank or null passwords.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-010290
Vuln IDs: V-221687
Rule IDs: SV-221687r991589_rule

If an account has an empty password, anyone could log on and run commands with the privileges of that account. Accounts with empty passwords should never be used in operational environments.

Fix: F-23391r880677_fix

If an account is configured for password authentication but does not have an assigned password, it may be possible to log on to the account without authenticating. Remove any instances of the "nullok" option in "/etc/pam.d/system-auth" and "/etc/pam.d/password-auth" to prevent logons with empty passwords. Note: Per requirement OL07-00-010199, Oracle Linux 7 must be configured to not overwrite custom authentication configuration settings while using the authconfig utility, otherwise manual changes to the listed files will be overwritten whenever the authconfig utility is used.

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon does not allow authentication using an empty password.

RMF Control: IA-2
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000766
Version: OL07-00-010300
Vuln IDs: V-221688
Rule IDs: SV-221688r958486_rule

Configuring this setting for the SSH daemon provides additional assurance that remote logon via SSH will require a password, even in the event of misconfiguration elsewhere.

Fix: F-23392r419137_fix

To explicitly disallow remote logon from accounts with empty passwords, add or correct the following line in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config": PermitEmptyPasswords no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect. Any accounts with empty passwords should be disabled immediately, and PAM configuration should prevent users from being able to assign themselves empty passwords.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must disable account identifiers (individuals, groups, roles, and devices) if the password expires.

RMF Control: IA-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000795
Version: OL07-00-010310
Vuln IDs: V-221689
Rule IDs: SV-221689r1015184_rule

Inactive identifiers pose a risk to systems and applications because attackers may exploit an inactive identifier and potentially obtain undetected access to the system. Owners of inactive accounts will not notice if unauthorized access to their user account has been obtained. Operating systems need to track periods of inactivity and disable application identifiers after 35 days of inactivity.

Fix: F-23393r1015183_fix

Configure the operating system to disable account identifiers (individuals, groups, roles, and devices) 35 days after the password has expired. Add the following line to "/etc/default/useradd" (or modify the line to have the required value): INACTIVE=35 DOD recommendation is 35 days, but a lower value is acceptable. The value "-1" will disable this feature, and "0" will disable the account immediately after the password expires.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that users must provide a password for privilege escalation.

RMF Control: IA-11
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002038
Version: OL07-00-010340
Vuln IDs: V-221692
Rule IDs: SV-221692r1015185_rule

Without reauthentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which authorization has not been granted. When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability, it is critical the user reauthenticate. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00156, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00157, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00158

Fix: F-36233r860859_fix

Configure the operating system to require users to supply a password for privilege escalation. Check the configuration of the "/etc/sudoers" file with the following command: $ sudo visudo Remove any occurrences of "NOPASSWD" tags in the file. Check the configuration of the /etc/sudoers.d/* files with the following command: $ sudo grep -ir nopasswd /etc/sudoers.d Remove any occurrences of "NOPASSWD" tags in the file.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the delay between logon prompts following a failed console logon attempt is at least four seconds.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-010430
Vuln IDs: V-221693
Rule IDs: SV-221693r991588_rule

Configuring the operating system to implement organization-wide security implementation guides and security checklists verifies compliance with federal standards and establishes a common security baseline across DoD that reflects the most restrictive security posture consistent with operational requirements. Configuration settings are the set of parameters that can be changed in hardware, software, or firmware components of the system that affect the security posture and/or functionality of the system. Security-related parameters are those parameters impacting the security state of the system, including the parameters required to satisfy other security control requirements. Security-related parameters include, for example, registry settings; account, file, and directory permission settings; and settings for functions, ports, protocols, services, and remote connections.

Fix: F-23397r419152_fix

Configure the operating system to enforce a delay of at least four seconds between logon prompts following a failed console logon attempt. Modify the "/etc/login.defs" file to set the "FAIL_DELAY" parameter to "4" or greater: FAIL_DELAY 4

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not allow an unattended or automatic logon to the system via a graphical user interface.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-010440
Vuln IDs: V-221694
Rule IDs: SV-221694r991591_rule

Failure to restrict system access to authenticated users negatively impacts operating system security.

Fix: F-23398r419155_fix

Configure the operating system not to allow an unattended or automatic logon to the system via a graphical user interface. Note: If the system does not have GNOME installed, this requirement is Not Applicable. Add or edit the line for the "AutomaticLoginEnable" parameter in the [daemon] section of the "/etc/gdm/custom.conf" file to "false": [daemon] AutomaticLoginEnable=false

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not allow an unrestricted logon to the system.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-010450
Vuln IDs: V-221695
Rule IDs: SV-221695r991591_rule

Failure to restrict system access to authenticated users negatively impacts operating system security.

Fix: F-23399r419158_fix

Configure the operating system not to allow an unrestricted account to log on to the system via a graphical user interface. Note: If the system does not have GNOME installed, this requirement is Not Applicable. Add or edit the line for the "TimedLoginEnable" parameter in the [daemon] section of the "/etc/gdm/custom.conf" file to "false": [daemon] TimedLoginEnable=false

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not allow users to override SSH environment variables.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-010460
Vuln IDs: V-221696
Rule IDs: SV-221696r991591_rule

Failure to restrict system access to authenticated users negatively impacts operating system security.

Fix: F-23400r419161_fix

Configure the operating system not to allow users to override environment variables to the SSH daemon. Edit the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file to uncomment or add the line for "PermitUserEnvironment" keyword and set the value to "no": PermitUserEnvironment no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not allow a non-certificate trusted host SSH logon to the system.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-010470
Vuln IDs: V-221697
Rule IDs: SV-221697r991591_rule

Failure to restrict system access to authenticated users negatively impacts operating system security.

Fix: F-23401r419164_fix

Configure the operating system not to allow a non-certificate trusted host SSH logon to the system. Edit the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file to uncomment or add the line for "HostbasedAuthentication" keyword and set the value to "no": HostbasedAuthentication no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes.

RMF Control: AC-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000213
Version: OL07-00-010481
Vuln IDs: V-221699
Rule IDs: SV-221699r958472_rule

If the system does not require valid root authentication before it boots into single-user or maintenance mode, anyone who invokes single-user or maintenance mode is granted privileged access to all files on the system.

Fix: F-23403r419170_fix

Configure the operating system to require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes. Add or modify the "ExecStart" line in "/usr/lib/systemd/system/rescue.service" to include "/usr/sbin/sulogin": ExecStart=-/bin/sh -c "/usr/sbin/sulogin; /usr/bin/systemctl --fail --no-block default"

c

Oracle Linux operating systems version 7.2 or newer with a Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) must require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes.

RMF Control: AC-3
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000213
Version: OL07-00-010482
Vuln IDs: V-221700
Rule IDs: SV-221700r958472_rule

If the system does not require valid authentication before it boots into single-user or maintenance mode, anyone who invokes single-user or maintenance mode is granted privileged access to all files on the system. GRUB 2 is the default boot loader for Oracle Linux 7 and is designed to require a password to boot into single-user mode or make modifications to the boot menu.

Fix: F-23404r744070_fix

Configure the system to encrypt the boot password for the grub superusers account with the grub2-setpassword command, which creates/overwrites the /boot/grub2/user.cfg file. Generate an encrypted grub2 password for the grub superusers account with the following command: $ sudo grub2-setpassword Enter password: Confirm password:

c

Oracle Linux operating systems version 7.2 or newer using Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) must require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes.

RMF Control: AC-3
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000213
Version: OL07-00-010491
Vuln IDs: V-221702
Rule IDs: SV-221702r958472_rule

If the system does not require valid authentication before it boots into single-user or maintenance mode, anyone who invokes single-user or maintenance mode is granted privileged access to all files on the system. GRUB 2 is the default boot loader for Oracle Linux 7 and is designed to require a password to boot into single-user mode or make modifications to the boot menu.

Fix: F-23406r744073_fix

Configure the system to encrypt the boot password for the grub superusers account with the grub2-setpassword command, which creates/overwrites the /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/user.cfg file. Generate an encrypted grub2 password for the grub superusers account with the following command: $ sudo grub2-setpassword Enter password: Confirm password:

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not have the rsh-server package installed.

RMF Control: CM-7
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000381
Version: OL07-00-020000
Vuln IDs: V-221704
Rule IDs: SV-221704r958478_rule

It is detrimental for operating systems to provide, or install by default, functionality exceeding requirements or mission objectives. These unnecessary capabilities or services are often overlooked, and therefore may remain unsecured. They increase the risk to the platform by providing additional attack vectors. Operating systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizational operations (e.g., key missions, functions). The rsh-server service provides an unencrypted remote access service that does not provide for the confidentiality and integrity of user passwords or the remote session and has very weak authentication. If a privileged user were to log on using this service, the privileged user password could be compromised.

Fix: F-23408r419185_fix

Configure the operating system to disable non-essential capabilities by removing the rsh-server package from the system with the following command: # yum remove rsh-server

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not have the ypserv package installed.

RMF Control: CM-7
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000381
Version: OL07-00-020010
Vuln IDs: V-221705
Rule IDs: SV-221705r958478_rule

Removing the "ypserv" package decreases the risk of the accidental (or intentional) activation of NIS or NIS+ services.

Fix: F-23409r419188_fix

Configure the operating system to disable non-essential capabilities by removing the "ypserv" package from the system with the following command: # yum remove ypserv

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that a file integrity tool verifies the baseline operating system configuration at least weekly.

RMF Control: CM-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001744
Version: OL07-00-020030
Vuln IDs: V-221708
Rule IDs: SV-221708r958794_rule

Unauthorized changes to the baseline configuration could make the system vulnerable to various attacks or allow unauthorized access to the operating system. Changes to operating system configurations can have unintended side effects, some of which may be relevant to security. Detecting such changes and providing an automated response can help avoid unintended, negative consequences that could ultimately affect the security state of the operating system. The operating system's Information System Security Manager (ISSM)/Information System Security Officer (ISSO) and System Administrators (SAs) must be notified via email and/or monitoring system trap when there is an unauthorized modification of a configuration item. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000363-GPOS-00150 and SRG-OS-000446-GPOS-00200

Fix: F-36235r902772_fix

Configure the file integrity tool to run automatically on the system at least weekly. The following example output is generic. It will set cron to run AIDE daily, but other file integrity tools may be used: # more /etc/cron.daily/aide #!/bin/bash /usr/sbin/aide --check | /bin/mail -s "$HOSTNAME - Daily AIDE integrity check run" root@example_server_name.mil Note: Per requirement OL07-00-020028, the "mailx" package must be installed on the system to enable email functionality.

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components from a repository without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization.

RMF Control: CM-5
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-001749
Version: OL07-00-020050
Vuln IDs: V-221710
Rule IDs: SV-221710r1015187_rule

Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the operating system. This requirement ensures the software has not been tampered with and that it has been provided by a trusted vendor. Accordingly, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components must be signed with a certificate recognized and approved by the organization. Verifying the authenticity of the software prior to installation validates the integrity of the patch or upgrade received from a vendor. This verifies the software has not been tampered with and that it has been provided by a trusted vendor. Self-signed certificates are disallowed by this requirement. The operating system should not have to verify the software again. This requirement does not mandate DoD certificates for this purpose; however, the certificate used to verify the software must be from an approved CA.

Fix: F-23414r462702_fix

Configure the operating system to verify the signature of packages from a repository prior to install by setting the following option in the "/etc/yum.conf" file: gpgcheck=1

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization.

RMF Control: CM-5
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-001749
Version: OL07-00-020060
Vuln IDs: V-221711
Rule IDs: SV-221711r1015188_rule

Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the operating system. This requirement ensures the software has not been tampered with and that it has been provided by a trusted vendor. Accordingly, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components must be signed with a certificate recognized and approved by the organization. Verifying the authenticity of the software prior to installation validates the integrity of the patch or upgrade received from a vendor. This verifies the software has not been tampered with and that it has been provided by a trusted vendor. Self-signed certificates are disallowed by this requirement. The operating system should not have to verify the software again. This requirement does not mandate DoD certificates for this purpose; however, the certificate used to verify the software must be from an approved CA.

Fix: F-23415r462705_fix

Configure the operating system to verify the signature of local packages prior to install by setting the following option in the "/etc/yum.conf" file: localpkg_gpgcheck=1

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured to disable USB mass storage.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-020100
Vuln IDs: V-221712
Rule IDs: SV-221712r958498_rule

USB mass storage permits easy introduction of unknown devices, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000114-GPOS-00059, SRG-OS-000378-GPOS-00163, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

Fix: F-36237r942861_fix

Configure the operating system to disable the ability to use the USB Storage kernel module. Create a file under "/etc/modprobe.d" with the following command: # touch /etc/modprobe.d/usb-storage.conf Add the following line to the created file: install usb-storage /bin/false Configure the operating system to disable the ability to use USB mass storage devices. # vi /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf Add or update the line: blacklist usb-storage

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) kernel module is disabled unless required.

RMF Control: IA-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001958
Version: OL07-00-020101
Vuln IDs: V-221713
Rule IDs: SV-221713r958820_rule

Disabling DCCP protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in the protocol implementation.

Fix: F-36238r942864_fix

Configure the operating system to disable the ability to use the DCCP kernel module. Create a file under "/etc/modprobe.d" with the following command: # touch /etc/modprobe.d/dccp.conf Add the following line to the created file: install dccp /bin/false Ensure that the DCCP module is blacklisted: # vi /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf Add or update the line: blacklist dccp

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must disable the file system automounter unless required.

RMF Control: IA-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000778
Version: OL07-00-020110
Vuln IDs: V-221714
Rule IDs: SV-221714r958498_rule

Automatically mounting file systems permits easy introduction of unknown devices, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000114-GPOS-00059, SRG-OS-000378-GPOS-00163, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

Fix: F-23418r419215_fix

Configure the operating system to disable the ability to automount devices. Turn off the automount service with the following commands: # systemctl stop autofs # systemctl disable autofs If "autofs" is required for Network File System (NFS), it must be documented with the ISSO.

a

The Oracle Linux operating system must remove all software components after updated versions have been installed.

RMF Control: SI-2
Severity: Low
CCI: CCI-002617
Version: OL07-00-020200
Vuln IDs: V-221715
Rule IDs: SV-221715r958936_rule

Previous versions of software components that are not removed from the information system after updates have been installed may be exploited by adversaries. Some information technology products may remove older versions of software automatically from the information system.

Fix: F-23419r419218_fix

Configure the operating system to remove all software components after updated versions have been installed. Set the "clean_requirements_on_remove" option to "1" in the "/etc/yum.conf" file: clean_requirements_on_remove=1

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must define default permissions for all authenticated users in such a way that the user can only read and modify their own files.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-020240
Vuln IDs: V-221718
Rule IDs: SV-221718r991590_rule

Setting the most restrictive default permissions ensures that when new accounts are created, they do not have unnecessary access.

Fix: F-23422r419227_fix

Configure the operating system to define default permissions for all authenticated users in such a way that the user can only read and modify their own files. Add or edit the line for the "UMASK" parameter in "/etc/login.defs" file to "077": UMASK 077

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must be a vendor supported release.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-020250
Vuln IDs: V-221719
Rule IDs: SV-221719r991589_rule

An operating system release is considered "supported" if the vendor continues to provide security patches for the product. With an unsupported release, it will not be possible to resolve security issues discovered in the system software.

Fix: F-23423r419230_fix

Upgrade to a supported version of the operating system.

a

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that all Group Identifiers (GIDs) referenced in the /etc/passwd file are defined in the /etc/group file.

RMF Control: IA-2
Severity: Low
CCI: CCI-000764
Version: OL07-00-020300
Vuln IDs: V-221722
Rule IDs: SV-221722r958482_rule

If a user is assigned the GID of a group not existing on the system, and a group with the GID is subsequently created, the user may have unintended rights to any files associated with the group.

Fix: F-23426r419239_fix

Configure the system to define all GIDs found in the "/etc/passwd" file by modifying the "/etc/group" file to add any non-existent group referenced in the "/etc/passwd" file, or change the GIDs referenced in the "/etc/passwd" file to a group that exists in "/etc/group".

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the root account must be the only account having unrestricted access to the system.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-020310
Vuln IDs: V-221723
Rule IDs: SV-221723r991589_rule

If an account other than root also has a User Identifier (UID) of "0", it has root authority, giving that account unrestricted access to the entire operating system. Multiple accounts with a UID of "0" afford an opportunity for potential intruders to guess a password for a privileged account.

Fix: F-23427r419242_fix

Change the UID of any account on the system, other than root, that has a UID of "0". If the account is associated with system commands or applications, the UID should be changed to one greater than "0" but less than "1000". Otherwise, assign a UID of greater than "1000" that has not already been assigned.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that all local interactive user accounts, upon creation, are assigned a home directory.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-020610
Vuln IDs: V-221727
Rule IDs: SV-221727r991589_rule

If local interactive users are not assigned a valid home directory, there is no place for the storage and control of owned files.

Fix: F-23431r419254_fix

Configure the operating system to assign home directories to all new local interactive users by setting the "CREATE_HOME" parameter in "/etc/login.defs" to "yes" as follows. CREATE_HOME yes

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that all local interactive users have a home directory assigned and defined in the /etc/passwd file.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-020620
Vuln IDs: V-221728
Rule IDs: SV-221728r991589_rule

If local interactive users are not assigned a valid home directory, there is no place for the storage and control of files they should own. In addition, if a local interactive user has a home directory defined that does not exist, the user may be given access to the / directory as the current working directory upon logon. This could create a Denial of Service because the user would not be able to access their logon configuration files, and it may give them visibility to system files they normally would not be able to access.

Fix: F-36241r602426_fix

Create home directories to all local interactive users that currently do not have a home directory assigned. Use the following commands to create the user home directory assigned in "/etc/ passwd": Note: The example will be for the user smithj, who has a home directory of "/home/smithj", a UID of "smithj", and a Group Identifier (GID) of "users" assigned in "/etc/passwd". # mkdir /home/smithj # chown smithj /home/smithj # chgrp users /home/smithj # chmod 0750 /home/smithj

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must prevent files with the setuid and setgid bit set from being executed on file systems that are being imported via Network File System (NFS).

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-021020
Vuln IDs: V-221743
Rule IDs: SV-221743r991589_rule

The "nosuid" mount option causes the system not to execute "setuid" and "setgid" files with owner privileges. This option must be used for mounting any file system not containing approved "setuid" and "setguid" files. Executing files from untrusted file systems increases the opportunity for unprivileged users to attain unauthorized administrative access.

Fix: F-23447r419302_fix

Configure the "/etc/fstab" to use the "nosuid" option on file systems that are being imported via NFS.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must prevent binary files from being executed on file systems that are being imported via Network File System (NFS).

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-021021
Vuln IDs: V-221744
Rule IDs: SV-221744r991589_rule

The "noexec" mount option causes the system not to execute binary files. This option must be used for mounting any file system not containing approved binary files, as they may be incompatible. Executing files from untrusted file systems increases the opportunity for unprivileged users to attain unauthorized administrative access.

Fix: F-23448r419305_fix

Configure the "/etc/fstab" to use the "noexec" option on file systems that are being imported via NFS.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that all world-writable directories are group-owned by root, sys, bin, or an application group.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-021030
Vuln IDs: V-221748
Rule IDs: SV-221748r991589_rule

If a world-writable directory is not group-owned by root, sys, bin, or an application Group Identifier (GID), unauthorized users may be able to modify files created by others. The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system and by users for temporary file storage, (e.g., /tmp), and for directories requiring global read/write access.

Fix: F-36246r602441_fix

All directories in local partitions which are world-writable should be group-owned by root or another system account. If any world-writable directories are not group-owned by a system account, this should be investigated. Following this, the directories should be deleted or assigned to an appropriate group.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the cron.allow file, if it exists, is owned by root.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-021110
Vuln IDs: V-221751
Rule IDs: SV-221751r991589_rule

If the owner of the "cron.allow" file is not set to root, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or to edit sensitive information.

Fix: F-23455r419326_fix

Set the owner on the "/etc/cron.allow" file to root with the following command: # chown root /etc/cron.allow

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the cron.allow file, if it exists, is group-owned by root.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-021120
Vuln IDs: V-221752
Rule IDs: SV-221752r991589_rule

If the group owner of the "cron.allow" file is not set to root, sensitive information could be viewed or edited by unauthorized users.

Fix: F-23456r419329_fix

Set the group owner on the "/etc/cron.allow" file to root with the following command: # chgrp root /etc/cron.allow

a

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that a separate file system is used for user home directories (such as /home or an equivalent).

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Low
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-021310
Vuln IDs: V-221754
Rule IDs: SV-221754r991589_rule

The use of separate file systems for different paths can protect the system from failures resulting from a file system becoming full or failing.

Fix: F-23458r419335_fix

Migrate the "/home" directory onto a separate file system/partition.

a

The Oracle Linux operating system must use a separate file system for /var.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Low
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-021320
Vuln IDs: V-221755
Rule IDs: SV-221755r991589_rule

The use of separate file systems for different paths can protect the system from failures resulting from a file system becoming full or failing.

Fix: F-23459r419338_fix

Migrate the "/var" path onto a separate file system.

a

The Oracle Linux operating system must use a separate file system for /tmp (or equivalent).

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Low
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-021340
Vuln IDs: V-221757
Rule IDs: SV-221757r991589_rule

The use of separate file systems for different paths can protect the system from failures resulting from a file system becoming full or failing.

Fix: F-36247r602444_fix

Start the "tmp.mount" service with the following command: # systemctl enable tmp.mount OR Edit the "/etc/fstab" file and ensure the "/tmp" directory is defined in the fstab with a device and mount point.

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography for the following: to provision digital signatures, to generate cryptographic hashes, and to protect data requiring data-at-rest protections in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, and standards.

RMF Control: AC-17
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000068
Version: OL07-00-021350
Vuln IDs: V-221758
Rule IDs: SV-221758r958408_rule

Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of using encryption to protect data. The operating system must implement cryptographic modules that adhere to the higher standards approved by the federal government to ensure they have been tested and validated. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000033-GPOS-00014, SRG-OS-000185-GPOS-00079, SRG-OS-000396-GPOS-00176, SRG-OS-000405-GPOS-00184, SRG-OS-000478-GPOS-00223

Fix: F-36248r602447_fix

Configure the operating system to implement DoD-approved encryption by installing the dracut-fips package. To enable strict FIPS compliance, the fips=1 kernel option needs to be added to the kernel command line during system installation so key generation is done with FIPS-approved algorithms and continuous monitoring tests in place. Configure the operating system to implement DoD-approved encryption by following the steps below: The fips=1 kernel option needs to be added to the kernel command line during system installation so that key generation is done with FIPS-approved algorithms and continuous monitoring tests in place. Users should also ensure that the system has plenty of entropy during the installation process by moving the mouse around, or if no mouse is available, ensuring that many keystrokes are typed. The recommended amount of keystrokes is 256 and more. Less than 256 keystrokes may generate a non-unique key. Install the dracut-fips package with the following command: # yum install dracut-fips Recreate the "initramfs" file with the following command: Note: This command will overwrite the existing "initramfs" file. # dracut -f Modify the kernel command line of the current kernel in the "grub.cfg" file by adding the following option to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX key in the "/etc/default/grub" file and then rebuild the "grub.cfg" file: fips=1 Changes to "/etc/default/grub" require rebuilding the "grub.cfg" file as follows: On BIOS-based machines, use the following command: # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg On UEFI-based machines, use the following command: # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg If /boot or /boot/efi reside on separate partitions, the kernel parameter boot=<partition of /boot or /boot/efi> must be added to the kernel command line. You can identify a partition by running the df /boot or df /boot/efi command: # df /boot Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 495844 53780 416464 12% /boot To ensure the "boot=" configuration option will work even if device naming changes occur between boots, identify the universally unique identifier (UUID) of the partition with the following command: # blkid /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: UUID="05c000f1-a213-759e-c7a2-f11b7424c797" TYPE="ext4" For the example above, append the following string to the kernel command line: boot=UUID=05c000f1-a213-759e-c7a2-f11b7424c797 If the file /etc/system-fips does not exists, recreate it: # touch /etc/ system-fips Reboot the system for the changes to take effect.

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not have the telnet-server package installed.

RMF Control: CM-7
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000381
Version: OL07-00-021710
Vuln IDs: V-221763
Rule IDs: SV-221763r958478_rule

It is detrimental for operating systems to provide, or install by default, functionality exceeding requirements or mission objectives. These unnecessary capabilities or services are often overlooked and therefore may remain unsecured. They increase the risk to the platform by providing additional attack vectors. Operating systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizational operations (e.g., key missions, functions). Examples of non-essential capabilities include, but are not limited to, games, software packages, tools, and demonstration software not related to requirements or providing a wide array of functionality not required for every mission, but which cannot be disabled.

Fix: F-23467r419362_fix

Configure the operating system to disable non-essential capabilities by removing the telnet-server package from the system with the following command: # yum remove telnet-server

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that auditing is configured to produce records containing information to establish what type of events occurred, where the events occurred, the source of the events, and the outcome of the events. These audit records must also identify individual identities of group account users.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000131
Version: OL07-00-030000
Vuln IDs: V-221764
Rule IDs: SV-221764r1015189_rule

Without establishing what type of events occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy this requirement includes, for example, time stamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, filenames involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Associating event types with detected events in the operating system audit logs provides a means of investigating an attack; recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds, or identifying an improperly configured operating system. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000038-GPOS-00016, SRG-OS-000039-GPOS-00017, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00021, SRG-OS-000254-GPOS-00095, SRG-OS-000365-GPOS-00152, SRG-OS-000255-GPOS-00096

Fix: F-36250r602453_fix

Configure the operating system to produce audit records containing information to establish when (date and time) the events occurred. Enable the auditd service with the following command: # systemctl start auditd.service

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must shut down upon audit processing failure, unless availability is an overriding concern. If availability is a concern, the system must alert the designated staff (System Administrator [SA] and Information System Security Officer [ISSO] at a minimum) in the event of an audit processing failure.

RMF Control: AU-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000139
Version: OL07-00-030010
Vuln IDs: V-221765
Rule IDs: SV-221765r958424_rule

It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability, and system operation may be adversely affected. Audit processing failures include software/hardware errors, failures in the audit capturing mechanisms, and audit storage capacity being reached or exceeded. This requirement applies to each audit data storage repository (i.e., distinct information system component where audit records are stored), the centralized audit storage capacity of organizations (i.e., all audit data storage repositories combined), or both. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000046-GPOS-00022, SRG-OS-000047-GPOS-00023

Fix: F-36251r880593_fix

Configure the operating system to shut down in the event of an audit processing failure. Add or correct the option to shut down the operating system with the following command: # auditctl -f 2 Edit the "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules" file and add the following line: -f 2 If availability has been determined to be more important, and this decision is documented with the ISSO, configure the operating system to notify system administration staff and ISSO staff in the event of an audit processing failure with the following command: # auditctl -f 1 Edit the "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules" file and add the following line: -f 1 Kernel log monitoring must also be configured to properly alert designated staff. The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured to off-load audit logs onto a different system or storage media from the system being audited.

RMF Control: AU-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001851
Version: OL07-00-030201
Vuln IDs: V-221767
Rule IDs: SV-221767r958754_rule

Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. One method of off-loading audit logs in Oracle Linux is with the use of the audisp-remote dameon. Without the configuration of the "au-remote" plugin, the audisp-remote daemon will not off load the logs from the system being audited. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000342-GPOS-00133, SRG-OS-000479-GPOS-00224

Fix: F-36252r858453_fix

Edit the /etc/audisp/plugins.d/au-remote.conf file and add or update the following values: active = yes direction = out path = /sbin/audisp-remote type = always The audit daemon must be restarted for changes to take effect: # service auditd restart

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must take appropriate action when the remote logging buffer is full.

RMF Control: AU-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001851
Version: OL07-00-030210
Vuln IDs: V-221768
Rule IDs: SV-221768r958754_rule

Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. One method of off-loading audit logs in Oracle Linux is with the use of the audisp-remote dameon. When the remote buffer is full, audit logs will not be collected and sent to the central log server. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000342-GPOS-00133, SRG-OS-000479-GPOS-00224

Fix: F-36253r602462_fix

Edit the /etc/audisp/audispd.conf file and add or update the "overflow_action" option: overflow_action = syslog The audit daemon must be restarted for changes to take effect: # service auditd restart

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must label all off-loaded audit logs before sending them to the central log server.

RMF Control: AU-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001851
Version: OL07-00-030211
Vuln IDs: V-221769
Rule IDs: SV-221769r958754_rule

Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. One method of off-loading audit logs in Oracle Linux is with the use of the audisp-remote dameon. When audit logs are not labeled before they are sent to a central log server, the audit data will not be able to be analyzed and tied back to the correct system. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000342-GPOS-00133, SRG-OS-000479-GPOS-00224

Fix: F-36254r602465_fix

Edit the /etc/audisp/audispd.conf file and add or update the "name_format" option: name_format = hostname The audit daemon must be restarted for changes to take effect: # service auditd restart

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must off-load audit records onto a different system or media from the system being audited.

RMF Control: AU-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001851
Version: OL07-00-030300
Vuln IDs: V-221770
Rule IDs: SV-221770r958754_rule

Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000342-GPOS-00133, SRG-OS-000479-GPOS-00224

Fix: F-23474r419383_fix

Configure the operating system to off-load audit records onto a different system or media from the system being audited. Set the remote server option in "/etc/audisp/audisp-remote.conf" with the IP address of the log aggregation server.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must encrypt the transfer of audit records off-loaded onto a different system or media from the system being audited.

RMF Control: AU-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001851
Version: OL07-00-030310
Vuln IDs: V-221771
Rule IDs: SV-221771r958754_rule

Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000342-GPOS-00133, SRG-OS-000479-GPOS-00224

Fix: F-23475r419386_fix

Configure the operating system to encrypt the transfer of off-loaded audit records onto a different system or media from the system being audited. Uncomment the "enable_krb5" option in "/etc/audisp/audisp-remote.conf" and set it with the following line: enable_krb5 = yes

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the audit system takes appropriate action when the audit storage volume is full.

RMF Control: AU-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001851
Version: OL07-00-030320
Vuln IDs: V-221772
Rule IDs: SV-221772r958754_rule

Taking appropriate action in case of a filled audit storage volume will minimize the possibility of losing audit records. One method of off-loading audit logs in Oracle Linux is with the use of the audisp-remote dameon.

Fix: F-36255r602468_fix

Configure the action the operating system takes if the disk the audit records are written to becomes full. Uncomment or edit the "disk_full_action" option in "/etc/audisp/audisp-remote.conf" and set it to "syslog", "single", or "halt", such as the following line: disk_full_action = single

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the audit system takes appropriate action when there is an error sending audit records to a remote system.

RMF Control: AU-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001851
Version: OL07-00-030321
Vuln IDs: V-221773
Rule IDs: SV-221773r958754_rule

Taking appropriate action when there is an error sending audit records to a remote system will minimize the possibility of losing audit records. One method of off-loading audit logs in Oracle Linux is with the use of the audisp-remote dameon.

Fix: F-36256r602471_fix

Configure the action the operating system takes if there is an error sending audit records to a remote system. Uncomment the "network_failure_action" option in "/etc/audisp/audisp-remote.conf" and set it to "syslog", "single", or "halt". network_failure_action = syslog

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must immediately notify the System Administrator (SA) and Information System Security Officer (ISSO) (at a minimum) via email when the threshold for the repository maximum audit record storage capacity is reached.

RMF Control: AU-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001855
Version: OL07-00-030340
Vuln IDs: V-221775
Rule IDs: SV-221775r971542_rule

If security personnel are not notified immediately when the threshold for the repository maximum audit record storage capacity is reached, they are unable to expand the audit record storage capacity before records are lost.

Fix: F-23479r419398_fix

Configure the operating system to immediately notify the SA and ISSO (at a minimum) when the threshold for the repository maximum audit record storage capacity is reached. Uncomment or edit the "space_left_action" keyword in "/etc/audit/auditd.conf" and set it to "email". space_left_action = email

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must immediately notify the System Administrator (SA) and Information System Security Officer (ISSO) (at a minimum) when the threshold for the repository maximum audit record storage capacity is reached.

RMF Control: AU-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001855
Version: OL07-00-030350
Vuln IDs: V-221776
Rule IDs: SV-221776r971542_rule

If security personnel are not notified immediately when the threshold for the repository maximum audit record storage capacity is reached, they are unable to expand the audit record storage capacity before records are lost.

Fix: F-23480r419401_fix

Configure the operating system to immediately notify the SA and ISSO (at a minimum) when the threshold for the repository maximum audit record storage capacity is reached. Uncomment or edit the "action_mail_acct" keyword in "/etc/audit/auditd.conf" and set it to root and any other accounts associated with security personnel. action_mail_acct = root

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all executions of privileged functions.

RMF Control: AC-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002234
Version: OL07-00-030360
Vuln IDs: V-221777
Rule IDs: SV-221777r958732_rule

Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious and ongoing concern and can have significant adverse impacts on organizations. Auditing the use of privileged functions is one way to detect such misuse and identify the risk from insider threats and the advanced persistent threat.

Fix: F-36258r602477_fix

Configure the operating system to audit the execution of privileged functions. Add or update the following rules in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S execve -C uid!=euid -F euid=0 -k setuid -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -C uid!=euid -F euid=0 -k setuid -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S execve -C gid!=egid -F egid=0 -k setgid -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -C gid!=egid -F egid=0 -k setgid The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the chown, fchown, fchownat, and lchown syscalls.

RMF Control: AU-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000126
Version: OL07-00-030370
Vuln IDs: V-221778
Rule IDs: SV-221778r958446_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall made by all programs on the system. Therefore, it is very important to use syscall rules only when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance can be helped, however, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000474-GPOS-00219

Fix: F-36259r809146_fix

Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown,fchown,fchownat,lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k perm_mod -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown,fchown,fchownat,lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k perm_mod The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the chmod, fchmod, and fchmodat syscalls.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030410
Vuln IDs: V-221782
Rule IDs: SV-221782r991570_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall made by all programs on the system. Therefore, it is very important to use syscall rules only when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance can be helped, however, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033

Fix: F-36263r810496_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records upon successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "chmod", "fchmod", and "fchmodat" syscalls. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k perm_mod -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k perm_mod The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the setxattr, fsetxattr, lsetxattr, removexattr, fremovexattr, and lremovexattr syscalls.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030440
Vuln IDs: V-221785
Rule IDs: SV-221785r991570_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall made by all programs on the system. Therefore, it is very important to use syscall rules only when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance can be helped, however, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033

Fix: F-36266r810485_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records upon successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "setxattr", "fsetxattr", "lsetxattr", "removexattr", "fremovexattr", and "lremovexattr" syscalls. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr,fsetxattr,lsetxattr,removexattr,fremovexattr,lremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k perm_mod -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr,fsetxattr,lsetxattr,removexattr,fremovexattr,lremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k perm_mod The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the creat, open, openat, open_by_handle_at, truncate, and ftruncate syscalls.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030510
Vuln IDs: V-221792
Rule IDs: SV-221792r958446_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall made by all programs on the system. Therefore, it is very important to use syscall rules only when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance can be helped, however, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000461-GPOS-00205, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172

Fix: F-36273r853693_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records upon successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "creat", "open", "openat", "open_by_handle_at", "truncate", and "ftruncate" syscalls. Add or update the following rules in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k access -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k access -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k access -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k access The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the semanage command.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030560
Vuln IDs: V-221797
Rule IDs: SV-221797r958846_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000463-GPOS-00207, SRG-OS-000465-GPOS-00209

Fix: F-23501r860869_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "semanage" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/semanage -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-priv_change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the setsebool command.

RMF Control: MA-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002884
Version: OL07-00-030570
Vuln IDs: V-221798
Rule IDs: SV-221798r958846_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000463-GPOS-00207, SRG-OS-000465-GPOS-00209

Fix: F-23502r860872_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "setsebool" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/setsebool -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-priv_change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the chcon command.

RMF Control: MA-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002884
Version: OL07-00-030580
Vuln IDs: V-221799
Rule IDs: SV-221799r958846_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000463-GPOS-00207, SRG-OS-000465-GPOS-00209

Fix: F-23503r860875_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "chcon" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chcon -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-priv_change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the setfiles command.

RMF Control: MA-4
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002884
Version: OL07-00-030590
Vuln IDs: V-221800
Rule IDs: SV-221800r958846_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000463-GPOS-00207, SRG-OS-000465-GPOS-00209

Fix: F-23504r860878_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "setfiles" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/setfiles -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-priv_change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must generate audit records for all unsuccessful account access events.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030610
Vuln IDs: V-221801
Rule IDs: SV-221801r958846_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000470-GPOS-00214, SRG-OS-000473-GPOS-00218

Fix: F-23505r419476_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when unsuccessful account access events occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -w /var/run/faillock -p wa -k logins The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must generate audit records for all successful account access events.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030620
Vuln IDs: V-221802
Rule IDs: SV-221802r958846_rule

Without generating audit records that to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000470-GPOS-00214, SRG-OS-000473-GPOS-00218

Fix: F-23506r419479_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful account access events occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the passwd command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030630
Vuln IDs: V-221803
Rule IDs: SV-221803r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged password commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23507r833048_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "passwd" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/passwd -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-passwd The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the unix_chkpwd command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030640
Vuln IDs: V-221804
Rule IDs: SV-221804r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged password commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23508r833051_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "unix_chkpwd" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-passwd The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the gpasswd command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030650
Vuln IDs: V-221805
Rule IDs: SV-221805r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged password commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23509r833054_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "gpasswd" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/gpasswd -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-passwd The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the chage command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030660
Vuln IDs: V-221806
Rule IDs: SV-221806r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged password commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23510r833057_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "chage" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chage -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-passwd The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the userhelper command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030670
Vuln IDs: V-221807
Rule IDs: SV-221807r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged password commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23511r833060_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "userhelper" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/userhelper -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-passwd The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the su command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000130
Version: OL07-00-030680
Vuln IDs: V-221808
Rule IDs: SV-221808r958412_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged access commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23512r833063_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "su" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/su -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-priv_change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the sudo command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000130
Version: OL07-00-030690
Vuln IDs: V-221809
Rule IDs: SV-221809r958412_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged access commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23513r833066_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "sudo" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/sudo -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-priv_change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the sudoers file and all files in the /etc/sudoers.d/ directory.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000130
Version: OL07-00-030700
Vuln IDs: V-221810
Rule IDs: SV-221810r958412_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged access commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23514r419503_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access the "/etc/sudoers" file and files in the "/etc/sudoers.d/" directory. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k privileged-actions -w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k privileged-actions The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the newgrp command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000130
Version: OL07-00-030710
Vuln IDs: V-221811
Rule IDs: SV-221811r958412_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged access commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23515r833069_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "newgrp" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/newgrp -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-priv_change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the chsh command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000130
Version: OL07-00-030720
Vuln IDs: V-221812
Rule IDs: SV-221812r958412_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged access commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23516r833072_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "chsh" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chsh -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-priv_change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the mount command and syscall.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030740
Vuln IDs: V-221813
Rule IDs: SV-221813r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged mount commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172

Fix: F-36278r860881_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "mount" command and syscall occur. Add or update the following rules in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-mount -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-mount -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/mount -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-mount The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the umount command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030750
Vuln IDs: V-221814
Rule IDs: SV-221814r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged mount commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172

Fix: F-23518r833078_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "umount" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/umount -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-mount The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the postdrop command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030760
Vuln IDs: V-221815
Rule IDs: SV-221815r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged postfix commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172

Fix: F-23519r833081_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "postdrop" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/postdrop -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-postfix The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the postqueue command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030770
Vuln IDs: V-221816
Rule IDs: SV-221816r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged postfix commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172

Fix: F-23520r833084_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "postqueue" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/postqueue -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-postfix The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the ssh-keysign command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030780
Vuln IDs: V-221817
Rule IDs: SV-221817r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged ssh commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23521r833087_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "ssh-keysign" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-keysign -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-ssh The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the crontab command.

RMF Control: AU-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000135
Version: OL07-00-030800
Vuln IDs: V-221818
Rule IDs: SV-221818r958422_rule

Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. At a minimum, the organization must audit the full-text recording of privileged commands. The organization must maintain audit trails in sufficient detail to reconstruct events to determine the cause and impact of compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215

Fix: F-23522r833090_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "crontab" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/crontab -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-cron The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the pam_timestamp_check command.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030810
Vuln IDs: V-221819
Rule IDs: SV-221819r991579_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way.

Fix: F-23523r833093_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "pam_timestamp_check" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/pam_timestamp_check -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k privileged-pam The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the create_module syscall.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030819
Vuln IDs: V-221820
Rule IDs: SV-221820r991580_rule

Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00216, SRG-OS-000477-GPOS-00222

Fix: F-36279r833096_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "create_module" syscall occur. Add or update the following rules in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S create_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k module-change -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S create_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k module-change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the init_module and finit_module syscalls.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030820
Vuln IDs: V-221821
Rule IDs: SV-221821r991580_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall made by all programs on the system. Therefore, it is very important to use syscall rules only when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance can be helped, however, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00216, SRG-OS-000477-GPOS-00222

Fix: F-23525r833099_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records upon successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "init_module" and "finit_module" syscalls. Add or update the following rules in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": Note: The rules are duplicated to cover both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures. Only the lines appropriate for the system architecture must be configured. -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S init_module,finit_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k modulechange -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module,finit_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k modulechange The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the delete_module syscall.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030830
Vuln IDs: V-221823
Rule IDs: SV-221823r991580_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00216, SRG-OS-000477-GPOS-00222

Fix: F-23527r833102_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "delete_module" syscall occur. Add or update the following rules in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": Note: The rules are duplicated to cover both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures. Only the lines appropriate for the system architecture must be configured. -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S delete_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k module-change -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S delete_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k module-change The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the kmod command.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030840
Vuln IDs: V-221824
Rule IDs: SV-221824r991580_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00216, SRG-OS-000477-GPOS-00222

Fix: F-23528r858471_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "kmod" command occur. Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/kmod -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k modules The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/passwd.

RMF Control: AC-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000018
Version: OL07-00-030870
Vuln IDs: V-221825
Rule IDs: SV-221825r958368_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000004-GPOS-00004, SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089, SRG-OS-000240-GPOS-00090, SRG-OS-000241-GPOS-00091, SRG-OS-000303-GPOS-00120, SRG-OS-000476-GPOS-00221

Fix: F-23529r419548_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect "/etc/passwd". Add or update the following rule "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/group.

RMF Control: AC-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000018
Version: OL07-00-030871
Vuln IDs: V-221826
Rule IDs: SV-221826r958368_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

Fix: F-23530r419551_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect "/etc/group". Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -w /etc/group -p wa -k identity The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/gshadow.

RMF Control: AC-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000018
Version: OL07-00-030872
Vuln IDs: V-221827
Rule IDs: SV-221827r958368_rule

Without generating audit specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

Fix: F-23531r419554_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect "/etc/gshadow". Add or update the following rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k identity The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/shadow.

RMF Control: AC-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000018
Version: OL07-00-030873
Vuln IDs: V-221828
Rule IDs: SV-221828r958368_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

Fix: F-23532r419557_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/shadow. Add or update the following file system rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/security/opasswd.

RMF Control: AC-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000018
Version: OL07-00-030874
Vuln IDs: V-221829
Rule IDs: SV-221829r958368_rule

Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

Fix: F-23533r744088_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/security/opasswd. Add or update the following file system rule in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k identity The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect: # systemctl restart auditd

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must audit all uses of the unlink, unlinkat, rename, renameat, and rmdir syscalls.

RMF Control: AU-12
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000172
Version: OL07-00-030910
Vuln IDs: V-221833
Rule IDs: SV-221833r991575_rule

If the system is not configured to audit certain activities and write them to an audit log, it is more difficult to detect and track system compromises and damages incurred during a system compromise. When a user logs on, the auid is set to the uid of the account that is being authenticated. Daemons are not user sessions and have the loginuid set to -1. The auid representation is an unsigned 32-bit integer, which equals 4294967295. The audit system interprets -1, 4294967295, and "unset" in the same way. The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall made by all programs on the system. Therefore, it is very important to use syscall rules only when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance can be helped, however, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000466-GPOS-00210, SRG-OS-000467-GPOS-00211, SRG-OS-000468-GPOS-00212, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172

Fix: F-36284r853714_fix

Configure the operating system to generate audit records upon successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "unlink", "unlinkat", "rename", "renameat", and "rmdir" syscalls. Add the following rules in "/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S unlink,unlinkat,rename,renameat,rmdir -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k delete -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink,unlinkat,rename,renameat,rmdir -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -k delete The audit daemon must be restarted for the changes to take effect.

a

The Oracle Linux operating system must limit the number of concurrent sessions to 10 for all accounts and/or account types.

RMF Control: AC-10
Severity: Low
CCI: CCI-000054
Version: OL07-00-040000
Vuln IDs: V-221838
Rule IDs: SV-221838r958398_rule

Operating system management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize an operating system. Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user is helpful in reducing the risks related to DoS attacks. This requirement addresses concurrent sessions for information system accounts and does not address concurrent sessions by single users via multiple system accounts. The maximum number of concurrent sessions should be defined based on mission needs and the operational environment for each system.

Fix: F-36286r602561_fix

Configure the operating system to limit the number of concurrent sessions to "10" for all accounts and/or account types. Add the following line to the top of the /etc/security/limits.conf or in a ".conf" file defined in /etc/security/limits.d/ : * hard maxlogins 10

b

The Oracle Linux 7 operating system must implement DoD-approved encryption to protect the confidentiality of SSH connections.

RMF Control: AC-17
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000068
Version: OL07-00-040110
Vuln IDs: V-221840
Rule IDs: SV-221840r958408_rule

Unapproved mechanisms for authentication to the cryptographic module are not verified, and therefore cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, resulting in the compromise of DoD data. Operating systems using encryption are required to use FIPS-compliant mechanisms for authenticating to cryptographic modules. FIPS 140-2 is the current standard for validating mechanisms used to access cryptographic modules utilize authentication that meets DoD requirements. This allows for Security Levels 1, 2, 3, or 4 for use on a general-purpose computing system. The system will attempt to use the first cipher presented by the client that matches the server list. Listing the values "strongest to weakest" is a method to ensure the use of the strongest cipher available to secure the SSH connection. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000033-GPOS-00014, SRG-OS-000120-GPOS-00061, SRG-OS-000125-GPOS-00065, SRG-OS-000250-GPOS-00093, SRG-OS-000393-GPOS-00173,SRG-OS-000394-GPOS-00174

Fix: F-23544r622270_fix

Configure SSH to use FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic algorithms. Add the following line (or modify the line to have the required value) to the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor). Ciphers aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must implement virtual address space randomization.

RMF Control: SI-16
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002824
Version: OL07-00-040201
Vuln IDs: V-221846
Rule IDs: SV-221846r958928_rule

Address space layout randomization (ASLR) makes it more difficult for an attacker to predict the location of attack code introduced into a process's address space during an attempt at exploitation. Additionally, ASLR also makes it more difficult for an attacker to know the location of existing code in order to repurpose it using return-oriented programming (ROP) techniques.

Fix: F-23550r880629_fix

Configure the operating system implement virtual address space randomization. Set the system to the required kernel parameter by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a config file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): kernel.randomize_va_space = 2 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that all networked systems have SSH installed.

RMF Control: SC-8
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002418
Version: OL07-00-040300
Vuln IDs: V-221847
Rule IDs: SV-221847r958908_rule

Without protection of the transmitted information, confidentiality and integrity may be compromised because unprotected communications can be intercepted and either read or altered. This requirement applies to both internal and external networks and all types of information system components from which information can be transmitted (e.g., servers, mobile devices, notebook computers, printers, copiers, scanners, and facsimile machines). Communication paths outside the physical protection of a controlled boundary are exposed to the possibility of interception and modification. Protecting the confidentiality and integrity of organizational information can be accomplished by physical means (e.g., employing physical distribution systems) or by logical means (e.g., employing cryptographic techniques). If physical means of protection are employed, logical means (cryptography) do not have to be employed, and vice versa. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000423-GPOS-00187, SRG-OS-000424-GPOS-00188, SRG-OS-000425-GPOS-00189, SRG-OS-000426-GPOS-00190

Fix: F-23551r419614_fix

Install SSH packages onto the host with the following commands: # yum install openssh-server.x86_64

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic are terminated after 10 minutes of becoming unresponsive.

RMF Control: SC-10
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001133
Version: OL07-00-040320
Vuln IDs: V-221849
Rule IDs: SV-221849r970703_rule

Terminating an unresponsive SSH session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle SSH session will also free up resources committed by the managed network element. Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions includes, for example, deallocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level and deallocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single operating system-level network connection. This does not mean the operating system terminates all sessions or network access; it only ends the unresponsive session and releases the resources associated with that session. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072, SRG-OS-000279-GPOS-00109

Fix: F-23553r917856_fix

Note: This setting must be applied in conjunction with OL07-00-040340 to function correctly. Configure the SSH server to terminate a user session automatically after the SSH client has become unresponsive. Add the following line (or modify the line to have the required value) to the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): ClientAliveInterval 600 The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon does not allow authentication using RSA rhosts authentication.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040330
Vuln IDs: V-221850
Rule IDs: SV-221850r991589_rule

Configuring this setting for the SSH daemon provides additional assurance that remote logon via SSH will require a password, even in the event of misconfiguration elsewhere.

Fix: F-23554r419623_fix

Configure the SSH daemon to not allow authentication using RSA rhosts authentication. Add the following line in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config", or uncomment the line and set the value to "no": RhostsRSAAuthentication no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive.

RMF Control: SC-10
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001133
Version: OL07-00-040340
Vuln IDs: V-221851
Rule IDs: SV-221851r970703_rule

Terminating an unresponsive SSH session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle SSH session will also free up resources committed by the managed network element. Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions includes, for example, deallocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level and deallocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single operating system-level network connection. This does not mean the operating system terminates all sessions or network access; it only ends the unresponsive session and releases the resources associated with that session. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072, SRG-OS-000279-GPOS-00109

Fix: F-23555r917859_fix

Note: This setting must be applied in conjunction with OL07-00-040320 to function correctly. Configure the SSH server to terminate a user session automatically after the SSH client has become unresponsive. Add the following line (or modify the line to have the required value) to the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): ClientAliveCountMax 0 The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon does not allow authentication using rhosts authentication.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040350
Vuln IDs: V-221852
Rule IDs: SV-221852r991589_rule

Configuring this setting for the SSH daemon provides additional assurance that remote logon via SSH will require a password, even in the event of misconfiguration elsewhere.

Fix: F-23556r419629_fix

Configure the SSH daemon to not allow authentication using known hosts authentication. Add the following line in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config", or uncomment the line and set the value to "yes": IgnoreRhosts yes

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must display the date and time of the last successful account logon upon an SSH logon.

RMF Control: AC-9
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000052
Version: OL07-00-040360
Vuln IDs: V-221853
Rule IDs: SV-221853r991589_rule

Providing users with feedback on when account accesses via SSH last occurred facilitates user recognition and reporting of unauthorized account use.

Fix: F-23557r419632_fix

Configure SSH to provide users with feedback on when account accesses last occurred by setting the required configuration options in "/etc/pam.d/sshd" or in the "sshd_config" file used by the system ("/etc/ssh/sshd_config" will be used in the example) (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor). Modify the "PrintLastLog" line in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" to match the following: PrintLastLog yes The SSH service must be restarted for changes to "sshd_config" to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not permit direct logons to the root account using remote access via SSH.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040370
Vuln IDs: V-221854
Rule IDs: SV-221854r991589_rule

Even though the communications channel may be encrypted, an additional layer of security is gained by extending the policy of not logging on directly as root. In addition, logging on with a user-specific account provides individual accountability of actions performed on the system.

Fix: F-23558r419635_fix

Configure SSH to stop users from logging on remotely as the root user. Edit the appropriate "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file to uncomment or add the line for the "PermitRootLogin" keyword and set its value to "no" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): PermitRootLogin no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon does not allow authentication using known hosts authentication.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040380
Vuln IDs: V-221855
Rule IDs: SV-221855r991589_rule

Configuring this setting for the SSH daemon provides additional assurance that remote logon via SSH will require a password, even in the event of misconfiguration elsewhere.

Fix: F-23559r419638_fix

Configure the SSH daemon to not allow authentication using known hosts authentication. Add the following line in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config", or uncomment the line and set the value to "yes": IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon is configured to only use the SSHv2 protocol.

RMF Control: IA-5
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000197
Version: OL07-00-040390
Vuln IDs: V-221856
Rule IDs: SV-221856r987796_rule

SSHv1 is an insecure implementation of the SSH protocol and has many well-known vulnerability exploits. Exploits of the SSH daemon could provide immediate root access to the system. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000074-GPOS-00042, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

Fix: F-23560r419641_fix

Remove all Protocol lines that reference version "1" in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor). The "Protocol" line must be as follows: Protocol 2 The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon is configured to only use Message Authentication Codes (MACs) employing FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hash algorithms.

RMF Control: AC-17
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001453
Version: OL07-00-040400
Vuln IDs: V-221857
Rule IDs: SV-221857r991554_rule

DoD information systems are required to use FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hash functions. The only SSHv2 hash algorithm meeting this requirement is SHA. The system will attempt to use the first hash presented by the client that matches the server list. Listing the values "strongest to weakest" is a method to ensure the use of the strongest hash available to secure the SSH connection.

Fix: F-23561r622273_fix

Edit the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file to uncomment or add the line for the "MACs" keyword and set its value to "hmac-sha2-512" and/or "hmac-sha2-256" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): MACs hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256 The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH public host key files have mode 0644 or less permissive.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040410
Vuln IDs: V-221858
Rule IDs: SV-221858r991589_rule

If a public host key file is modified by an unauthorized user, the SSH service may be compromised.

Fix: F-23562r419647_fix

Note: SSH public key files may be found in other directories on the system depending on the installation. Change the mode of public host key files under "/etc/ssh" to "0644" with the following command: # chmod 0644 /etc/ssh/*.key.pub

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so the SSH private host key files have mode 0640 or less permissive.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040420
Vuln IDs: V-221859
Rule IDs: SV-221859r991589_rule

If an unauthorized user obtains the private SSH host key file, the host could be impersonated.

Fix: F-23563r880578_fix

Configure the mode of SSH private host key files under "/etc/ssh" to "0640" with the following command: # chmod 0640 /path/to/file/ssh_host*key

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon does not permit Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSSAPI) authentication unless needed.

RMF Control: CM-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001813
Version: OL07-00-040430
Vuln IDs: V-221860
Rule IDs: SV-221860r958796_rule

GSSAPI authentication is used to provide additional authentication mechanisms to applications. Allowing GSSAPI authentication through SSH exposes the system's GSSAPI to remote hosts, increasing the attack surface of the system. GSSAPI authentication must be disabled unless needed.

Fix: F-23564r419653_fix

Uncomment the "GSSAPIAuthentication" keyword in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor) and set the value to "no": GSSAPIAuthentication no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect. If GSSAPI authentication is required, it must be documented, to include the location of the configuration file, with the ISSO.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon does not permit Kerberos authentication unless needed.

RMF Control: CM-5
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001813
Version: OL07-00-040440
Vuln IDs: V-221861
Rule IDs: SV-221861r958796_rule

Kerberos authentication for SSH is often implemented using Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSSAPI). If Kerberos is enabled through SSH, the SSH daemon provides a means of access to the system's Kerberos implementation. Vulnerabilities in the system's Kerberos implementation may then be subject to exploitation. To reduce the attack surface of the system, the Kerberos authentication mechanism within SSH must be disabled for systems not using this capability.

Fix: F-23565r419656_fix

Uncomment the "KerberosAuthentication" keyword in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor) and set the value to "no": KerberosAuthentication no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect. If Kerberos authentication is required, it must be documented, to include the location of the configuration file, with the ISSO.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon performs strict mode checking of home directory configuration files.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040450
Vuln IDs: V-221862
Rule IDs: SV-221862r991589_rule

If other users have access to modify user-specific SSH configuration files, they may be able to log on to the system as another user.

Fix: F-23566r419659_fix

Uncomment the "StrictModes" keyword in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor) and set the value to "yes": StrictModes yes The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon uses privilege separation.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040460
Vuln IDs: V-221863
Rule IDs: SV-221863r991589_rule

SSH daemon privilege separation causes the SSH process to drop root privileges when not needed, which would decrease the impact of software vulnerabilities in the unprivileged section.

Fix: F-23567r419662_fix

Uncomment the "UsePrivilegeSeparation" keyword in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor) and set the value to "sandbox" or "yes": UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that the SSH daemon does not allow compression or only allows compression after successful authentication.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040470
Vuln IDs: V-221864
Rule IDs: SV-221864r991589_rule

If compression is allowed in an SSH connection prior to authentication, vulnerabilities in the compression software could result in compromise of the system from an unauthenticated connection, potentially with root privileges.

Fix: F-23568r880590_fix

Uncomment the "Compression" keyword in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor) on the system and set the value to "delayed" or "no": Compression no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect.

a

The Oracle Linux operating system must display the date and time of the last successful account logon upon logon.

RMF Control: AC-9
Severity: Low
CCI: CCI-000052
Version: OL07-00-040530
Vuln IDs: V-221869
Rule IDs: SV-221869r991589_rule

Providing users with feedback on when account accesses last occurred facilitates user recognition and reporting of unauthorized account use.

Fix: F-23573r419680_fix

Configure the operating system to provide users with feedback on when account accesses last occurred by setting the required configuration options in "/etc/pam.d/postlogin". Add the following line to the top of "/etc/pam.d/postlogin": session required pam_lastlog.so showfailed

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not contain .shosts files.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040540
Vuln IDs: V-221870
Rule IDs: SV-221870r991589_rule

The .shosts files are used to configure host-based authentication for individual users or the system via SSH. Host-based authentication is not sufficient for preventing unauthorized access to the system, as it does not require interactive identification and authentication of a connection request, or for the use of two-factor authentication.

Fix: F-23574r419683_fix

Remove any found ".shosts" files from the system. # rm /[path]/[to]/[file]/.shosts

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not contain shosts.equiv files.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040550
Vuln IDs: V-221871
Rule IDs: SV-221871r991589_rule

The shosts.equiv files are used to configure host-based authentication for the system via SSH. Host-based authentication is not sufficient for preventing unauthorized access to the system, as it does not require interactive identification and authentication of a connection request, or for the use of two-factor authentication.

Fix: F-23575r419686_fix

Remove any found "shosts.equiv" files from the system. # rm /[path]/[to]/[file]/shosts.equiv

a

For Oracle Linux operating systems using DNS resolution, at least two name servers must be configured.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Low
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040600
Vuln IDs: V-221872
Rule IDs: SV-221872r991589_rule

To provide availability for name resolution services, multiple redundant name servers are mandated. A failure in name resolution could lead to the failure of security functions requiring name resolution, which may include time synchronization, centralized authentication, and remote system logging.

Fix: F-36292r602579_fix

Configure the operating system to use two or more name servers for DNS resolution. Edit the "/etc/resolv.conf" file to uncomment or add the two or more "nameserver" option lines with the IP address of local authoritative name servers. If local host resolution is being performed, the "/etc/resolv.conf" file must be empty. An empty "/etc/resolv.conf" file can be created as follows: # echo -n > /etc/resolv.conf And then make the file immutable with the following command: # chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf If the "/etc/resolv.conf" file must be mutable, the required configuration must be documented with the Information System Security Officer (ISSO) and the file must be verified by the system file integrity tool.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not forward Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) source-routed packets.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040610
Vuln IDs: V-221873
Rule IDs: SV-221873r991589_rule

Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest that routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routed traffic, such as when IPv4 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

Fix: F-23577r880635_fix

Set the system to the required kernel parameter by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl -system

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not forward Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) source-routed packets by default.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040620
Vuln IDs: V-221876
Rule IDs: SV-221876r991589_rule

Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest that routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routed traffic, such as when IPv4 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

Fix: F-23580r880644_fix

Set the system to the required kernel parameter by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not respond to Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echoes sent to a broadcast address.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040630
Vuln IDs: V-221877
Rule IDs: SV-221877r991589_rule

Responding to broadcast (ICMP) echoes facilitates network mapping and provides a vector for amplification attacks.

Fix: F-23581r880647_fix

Set the system to the required kernel parameter by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must prevent Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) redirect messages from being accepted.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040640
Vuln IDs: V-221878
Rule IDs: SV-221878r991589_rule

ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages modify the host's route table and are unauthenticated. An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.

Fix: F-23582r880650_fix

Set the system to not accept IPv4 ICMP redirect messages by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must ignore Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) redirect messages.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040641
Vuln IDs: V-221879
Rule IDs: SV-221879r991589_rule

ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages modify the host's route table and are unauthenticated. An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.

Fix: F-23583r880653_fix

Set the system to ignore IPv4 ICMP redirect messages by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not allow interfaces to perform Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) redirects by default.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040650
Vuln IDs: V-221880
Rule IDs: SV-221880r991589_rule

ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages contain information from the system's route table, possibly revealing portions of the network topology.

Fix: F-23584r880656_fix

Configure the system not to allow interfaces to perform IPv4 ICMP redirects by default. Set the system to the required kernel parameter by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not send Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) redirects.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040660
Vuln IDs: V-221881
Rule IDs: SV-221881r991589_rule

ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages contain information from the system's route table, possibly revealing portions of the network topology.

Fix: F-23585r880659_fix

Configure the system not to allow interfaces to perform IPv4 ICMP redirects. Set the system to the required kernel parameter by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not have a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server package installed unless needed.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040690
Vuln IDs: V-221884
Rule IDs: SV-221884r991589_rule

The FTP service provides an unencrypted remote access that does not provide for the confidentiality and integrity of user passwords or the remote session. If a privileged user were to log on using this service, the privileged user password could be compromised. SSH or other encrypted file transfer methods must be used in place of this service.

Fix: F-23588r419725_fix

Document the "vsftpd" package with the ISSO as an operational requirement or remove it from the system with the following command: # yum remove vsftpd

c

The Oracle Linux operating system must not have the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server package installed if not required for operational support.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040700
Vuln IDs: V-221885
Rule IDs: SV-221885r991589_rule

If TFTP is required for operational support (such as the transmission of router configurations) its use must be documented with the Information System Security Officer (ISSO), restricted to only authorized personnel, and have access control rules established.

Fix: F-23589r419728_fix

Remove the TFTP package from the system with the following command: # yum remove tftp-server

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must be configured so that remote X connections are disabled, unless to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040710
Vuln IDs: V-221886
Rule IDs: SV-221886r991589_rule

The security risk of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11 display server may be exposed to attack when the SSH client requests forwarding. A system administrator may have a stance in which they want to protect clients that may expose themselves to attack by unwittingly requesting X11 forwarding, which can warrant a ''no'' setting. X11 forwarding should be enabled with caution. Users with the ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host (for the user's X11 authorization database) can access the local X11 display through the forwarded connection. An attacker may then be able to perform activities such as keystroke monitoring if the ForwardX11Trusted option is also enabled. If X11 services are not required for the system's intended function, they should be disabled or restricted as appropriate to the system’s needs.

Fix: F-23590r622276_fix

Edit the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file to uncomment or add the line for the "X11Forwarding" keyword and set its value to "no" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): X11Forwarding no The SSH service must be restarted for changes to take effect: # systemctl restart sshd

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not have a graphical display manager installed unless approved.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040730
Vuln IDs: V-221888
Rule IDs: SV-221888r991589_rule

Internet services not required for system or application processes must not be active to decrease the attack surface of the system. Graphical display managers have a long history of security vulnerabilities and must not be used unless approved and documented.

Fix: F-36293r646960_fix

Document the requirement for a graphical user interface with the ISSO or reinstall the operating system without the graphical user interface. If reinstallation is not feasible, then continue with the following procedure: Open an SSH session and enter the following commands: $ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target $ sudo yum remove xorg-x11-server-Xorg xorg-x11-server-common xorg-x11-server-utils A reboot is required for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not be performing packet forwarding unless the system is a router.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040740
Vuln IDs: V-221889
Rule IDs: SV-221889r991589_rule

Routing protocol daemons are typically used on routers to exchange network topology information with other routers. If this software is used when not required, system network information may be unnecessarily transmitted across the network.

Fix: F-23593r880662_fix

Set the system to the required kernel parameter by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

c

SNMP community strings on the Oracle Linux operating system must be changed from the default.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: High
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040800
Vuln IDs: V-221891
Rule IDs: SV-221891r991589_rule

Whether active or not, default Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings must be changed to maintain security. If the service is running with the default authenticators, anyone can gather data about the system and the network and use the information to potentially compromise the integrity of the system or network(s). It is highly recommended that SNMP version 3 user authentication and message encryption be used in place of the version 2 community strings.

Fix: F-23595r419746_fix

If the "/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf" file exists, modify any lines that contain a community string value of "public" or "private" to another string value.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must not forward IPv6 source-routed packets.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-040830
Vuln IDs: V-221894
Rule IDs: SV-221894r991589_rule

Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest that routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routed traffic, such as when IPv6 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

Fix: F-23598r880665_fix

Set the system to the required kernel parameter, if IPv6 is enabled, by adding the following line to "/etc/sysctl.conf" or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value): net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 Issue the following command to make the changes take effect: # sysctl --system

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must have the required packages for multifactor authentication installed.

RMF Control: IA-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001948
Version: OL07-00-041001
Vuln IDs: V-221895
Rule IDs: SV-221895r1015191_rule

Using an authentication device, such as a CAC or token that is separate from the information system, ensures that even if the information system is compromised, that compromise will not affect credentials stored on the authentication device. Multifactor solutions that require devices separate from information systems gaining access include, for example, hardware tokens providing time-based or challenge-response authenticators and smart cards such as the U.S. Government Personal Identity Verification card and the DoD Common Access Card. A privileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Remote access is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. This requirement only applies to components where this is specific to the function of the device or has the concept of an organizational user (e.g., VPN, proxy capability). This does not apply to authentication for the purpose of configuring the device itself (management). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000375-GPOS-00160, SRG-OS-000375-GPOS-00161, SRG-OS-000377-GPOS-00162

Fix: F-36294r602585_fix

Configure the operating system to implement multifactor authentication by installing the required packages. Install the "pam_pkcs11" package with the following command: # yum install pam_pkcs11

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must implement multifactor authentication for access to privileged accounts via pluggable authentication modules (PAM).

RMF Control: IA-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001948
Version: OL07-00-041002
Vuln IDs: V-221896
Rule IDs: SV-221896r1015192_rule

Using an authentication device, such as a CAC or token that is separate from the information system, ensures that even if the information system is compromised, that compromise will not affect credentials stored on the authentication device. Multifactor solutions that require devices separate from information systems gaining access include, for example, hardware tokens providing time-based or challenge-response authenticators and smart cards such as the U.S. Government Personal Identity Verification card and the DoD Common Access Card. A privileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Remote access is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. This requirement only applies to components where this is specific to the function of the device or has the concept of an organizational user (e.g., VPN, proxy capability). This does not apply to authentication for the purpose of configuring the device itself (management). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000375-GPOS-00160, SRG-OS-000375-GPOS-00161, SRG-OS-000377-GPOS-00162

Fix: F-23600r419761_fix

Configure the operating system to implement multifactor authentication for remote access to privileged accounts via pluggable authentication modules (PAM). Modify all of the services lines in "/etc/sssd/sssd.conf" or in configuration files found under "/etc/sssd/conf.d" to include pam.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must implement certificate status checking for PKI authentication.

RMF Control: IA-2
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-001948
Version: OL07-00-041003
Vuln IDs: V-221897
Rule IDs: SV-221897r1015193_rule

Using an authentication device, such as a CAC or token that is separate from the information system, ensures that even if the information system is compromised, that compromise will not affect credentials stored on the authentication device. Multifactor solutions that require devices separate from information systems gaining access include, for example, hardware tokens providing time-based or challenge-response authenticators and smart cards such as the U.S. Government Personal Identity Verification card and the DoD Common Access Card. A privileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Remote access is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. This requirement only applies to components where this is specific to the function of the device or has the concept of an organizational user (e.g., VPN, proxy capability). This does not apply to authentication for the purpose of configuring the device itself (management). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000375-GPOS-00160, SRG-OS-000375-GPOS-00161, SRG-OS-000377-GPOS-00162

Fix: F-23601r419764_fix

Configure the operating system to do certificate status checking for PKI authentication. Modify all of the "cert_policy" lines in "/etc/pam_pkcs11/pam_pkcs11.conf" to include "ocsp_on".

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must enable the SELinux targeted policy.

RMF Control: AC-3
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002165
Version: OL07-00-020220
Vuln IDs: V-228570
Rule IDs: SV-228570r958944_rule

Without verification of the security functions, security functions may not operate correctly and the failure may go unnoticed. Security functions are defined as the hardware, software, and/or firmware of the information system responsible for enforcing the system security policy and supporting the isolation of code and data on which the protection is based. Security functionality includes, but is not limited to, establishing system accounts, configuring access authorizations (i.e., permissions, privileges), setting events to be audited, and setting intrusion detection parameters. This requirement applies to operating systems performing security function verification/testing and/or systems and environments that require this functionality.

Fix: F-36297r942884_fix

Configure the operating system to verify correct operation of all security functions. Set the "SELinuxtype" to the "targeted" policy by modifying the "/etc/selinux/config" file to have the following line: SELINUXTYPE=targeted A reboot is required for the changes to take effect.

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must restrict privilege elevation to authorized personnel.

RMF Control: CM-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-000366
Version: OL07-00-010341
Vuln IDs: V-237627
Rule IDs: SV-237627r991589_rule

The sudo command allows a user to execute programs with elevated (administrator) privileges. It prompts the user for their password and confirms your request to execute a command by checking a file, called sudoers. If the "sudoers" file is not configured correctly, any user defined on the system can initiate privileged actions on the target system.

Fix: F-40809r646963_fix

Remove the following entries from the sudoers file: ALL ALL=(ALL) ALL ALL ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must use the invoking user's password for privilege escalation when using "sudo".

RMF Control: AC-6
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002227
Version: OL07-00-010342
Vuln IDs: V-237628
Rule IDs: SV-237628r991589_rule

The sudoers security policy requires that users authenticate themselves before they can use sudo. When sudoers requires authentication, it validates the invoking user's credentials. If the rootpw, targetpw, or runaspw flags are defined and not disabled, by default the operating system will prompt the invoking user for the "root" user password. For more information on each of the listed configurations, reference the sudoers(5) manual page.

Fix: F-40810r880587_fix

Define the following in the Defaults section of the /etc/sudoers file or a configuration file in the /etc/sudoers.d/ directory: Defaults !targetpw Defaults !rootpw Defaults !runaspw Remove any configurations that conflict with the above from the following locations: /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d/

b

The Oracle Linux operating system must require re-authentication when using the "sudo" command.

RMF Control: IA-11
Severity: Medium
CCI: CCI-002038
Version: OL07-00-010343
Vuln IDs: V-237629
Rule IDs: SV-237629r1015195_rule

Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization. When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability, it is critical the organization requires the user to re-authenticate when using the "sudo" command. If the value is set to an integer less than 0, the user's time stamp will not expire and the user will not have to re-authenticate for privileged actions until the user's session is terminated.

Fix: F-40811r858458_fix

Configure the "sudo" command to require re-authentication. Edit the /etc/sudoers file: $ sudo visudo Add or modify the following line: Defaults timestamp_timeout=[value] Note: The "[value]" must be a number that is greater than or equal to "0". Remove any duplicate or conflicting lines from /etc/sudoers and /etc/sudoers.d/ files.