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Canonical Ubuntu 20.04 LTS STIG SCAP Benchmark

V1R6 · · · Published 06 Mar 2023 · 109 rules
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This Security Technical Implementation Guide is published as a tool to improve the security of Department of Defense (DOD) information systems. The requirements are derived from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-53 and related documents. Comments or proposed revisions to this document should be sent via email to the following address: disa.stig_spt@mail.mil.
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b
The Ubuntu operating system must allow users to directly initiate a session lock for all connection types.
RMF Control
AC-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000058
Version
UBTU-20-010005
Vuln IDs
V-238200
Rule IDs
SV-238200r653775_rule
A session lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system but does not want to log out because of the temporary nature of the absence. The session lock is implemented at the point where session activity can be determined. Rather than be forced to wait for a period of time to expire before the user session can be locked, the Ubuntu operating systems need to provide users with the ability to manually invoke a session lock so users may secure their session if they need to temporarily vacate the immediate physical vicinity. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000030-GPOS-00011, SRG-OS-000031-GPOS-00012
Fix: F-41369r653774_fix

Install the "vlock" package (if it is not already installed) by running the following command: $ sudo apt-get install vlock

c
The Ubuntu operating system must map the authenticated identity to the user or group account for PKI-based authentication.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000187
Version
UBTU-20-010006
Vuln IDs
V-238201
Rule IDs
SV-238201r832933_rule
Without mapping the certificate used to authenticate to the user account, the ability to determine the identity of the individual user or group will not be available for forensic analysis.
Fix: F-41370r653777_fix

Set "use_mappers=pwent" in "/etc/pam_pkcs11/pam_pkcs11.conf" or, if there is already a comma-separated list of mappers, add it to the list, separated by comma, and before the null mapper. If the system is missing an "/etc/pam_pkcs11/" directory and an "/etc/pam_pkcs11/pam_pkcs11.conf", find an example to copy into place and modify accordingly at "/usr/share/doc/libpam-pkcs11/examples/pam_pkcs11.conf.example.gz".

a
The Ubuntu operating system must enforce 24 hours/1 day as the minimum password lifetime. Passwords for new users must have a 24 hours/1 day minimum password lifetime restriction.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000198
Version
UBTU-20-010007
Vuln IDs
V-238202
Rule IDs
SV-238202r653781_rule
Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps to prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement. If users are allowed to immediately and continually change their password, then the password could be repeatedly changed in a short period of time to defeat the organization's policy regarding password reuse.
Fix: F-41371r653780_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to enforce a 24 hours/1 day minimum password lifetime. Add or modify the following line in the "/etc/login.defs" file: PASS_MIN_DAYS 1

a
The Ubuntu operating system must enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction. Passwords for new users must have a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000199
Version
UBTU-20-010008
Vuln IDs
V-238203
Rule IDs
SV-238203r653784_rule
Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, passwords need to be changed periodically. If the operating system does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force users to change their passwords, there is the risk that the operating system passwords could be compromised.
Fix: F-41372r653783_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime. Add or modify the following line in the "/etc/login.defs" file: PASS_MAX_DAYS 60

c
Ubuntu operating systems when booted must require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes.
RMF Control
AC-3
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000213
Version
UBTU-20-010009
Vuln IDs
V-238204
Rule IDs
SV-238204r832936_rule
To mitigate the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information by entities that have been issued certificates by DoD-approved PKIs, all DoD systems (e.g., web servers and web portals) must be properly configured to incorporate access control methods that do not rely solely on the possession of a certificate for access. Successful authentication must not automatically give an entity access to an asset or security boundary. Authorization procedures and controls must be implemented to ensure each authenticated entity also has a validated and current authorization. Authorization is the process of determining whether an entity, once authenticated, is permitted to access a specific asset. Information systems use access control policies and enforcement mechanisms to implement this requirement. Access control policies include identity-based policies, role-based policies, and attribute-based policies. Access enforcement mechanisms include access control lists, access control matrices, and cryptography. These policies and mechanisms must be employed by the application to control access between users (or processes acting on behalf of users) and objects (e.g., devices, files, records, processes, programs, and domains) in the information system.
Fix: F-41373r832935_fix

Configure the system to require a password for authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes. Generate an encrypted (grub) password for root with the following command: $ grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 Enter Password: Reenter Password: PBKDF2 hash of your password is grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.MFU48934NJD84NF8NSD39993JDHF84NG Using the hash from the output, modify the "/etc/grub.d/40_custom" file with the following command to add a boot password: $ sudo sed -i '$i set superusers=\"root\"\npassword_pbkdf2 root <hash>' /etc/grub.d/40_custom where <hash> is the hash generated by grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 command. Generate an updated "grub.conf" file with the new password by using the following command: $ sudo update-grub

b
The Ubuntu operating system must require users to reauthenticate for privilege escalation or when changing roles.
RMF Control
IA-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002038
Version
UBTU-20-010014
Vuln IDs
V-238208
Rule IDs
SV-238208r853405_rule
Without reauthentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization. When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability, it is critical the user reauthenticate. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00156, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00157
Fix: F-41377r653798_fix

Remove any occurrence of "NOPASSWD" or "!authenticate" found in "/etc/sudoers" file or files in the "/etc/sudoers.d" directory.

b
The Ubuntu operating system default filesystem permissions must be defined in such a way that all authenticated users can read and modify only their own files.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010016
Vuln IDs
V-238209
Rule IDs
SV-238209r653802_rule
Setting the most restrictive default permissions ensures that when new accounts are created they do not have unnecessary access.
Fix: F-41378r653801_fix

Configure the system to define the default permissions for all authenticated users in such a way that the user can read and modify only their own files. Edit the "UMASK" parameter in the "/etc/login.defs" file to match the example below: UMASK 077

b
The Ubuntu operating system must implement smart card logins for multifactor authentication for local and network access to privileged and non-privileged accounts.
RMF Control
IA-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000765
Version
UBTU-20-010033
Vuln IDs
V-238210
Rule IDs
SV-238210r858517_rule
Without the use of multifactor authentication, the ease of access to privileged functions is greatly increased. Multifactor authentication requires using two or more factors to achieve authentication. Factors include: 1) something a user knows (e.g., password/PIN); 2) something a user has (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); and 3) something a user is (e.g., biometric). A privileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Network access is defined as access to an information system by a user (or a process acting on behalf of a user) communicating through a network (e.g., local area network, wide area network, or the internet). The DoD CAC with DoD-approved PKI is an example of multifactor authentication. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000105-GPOS-00052, SRG-OS-000106-GPOS-00053, SRG-OS-000107-GPOS-00054, SRG-OS-000108-GPOS-00055
Fix: F-41379r653804_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to use multifactor authentication for network access to accounts. Add or update "pam_pkcs11.so" in "/etc/pam.d/common-auth" to match the following line: auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_pkcs11.so Set the sshd option "PubkeyAuthentication yes" in the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file.

b
The Ubuntu operating system must use strong authenticators in establishing nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic sessions.
RMF Control
MA-4
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000877
Version
UBTU-20-010035
Vuln IDs
V-238211
Rule IDs
SV-238211r877395_rule
Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network (e.g., the internet) or an internal network. Local maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities carried out by individuals physically present at the information system or information system component and not communicating across a network connection. Typically, strong authentication requires authenticators that are resistant to replay attacks and employ multifactor authentication. Strong authenticators include, for example, PKI where certificates are stored on a token protected by a password, passphrase, or biometric.
Fix: F-41380r653807_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to use strong authentication when establishing nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic sessions. Add or modify the following line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config: UsePAM yes

b
The Ubuntu operating system must immediately terminate all network connections associated with SSH traffic after a period of inactivity.
RMF Control
MA-4
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000879
Version
UBTU-20-010036
Vuln IDs
V-238212
Rule IDs
SV-238212r858521_rule
Automatic session termination addresses the termination of user-initiated logical sessions in contrast to the termination of network connections that are associated with communications sessions (i.e., network disconnect). A logical session (for local, network, and remote access) is initiated whenever a user (or process acting on behalf of a user) accesses an organizational information system. Such user sessions can be terminated (and thus terminate user access) without terminating network sessions. Session termination terminates all processes associated with a user's logical session except those processes that are specifically created by the user (i.e., session owner) to continue after the session is terminated. Conditions or trigger events requiring automatic session termination can include, for example, organization-defined periods of user inactivity, targeted responses to certain types of incidents, and time-of-day restrictions on information system use. This capability is typically reserved for specific Ubuntu operating system functionality where the system owner, data owner, or organization requires additional assurance.
Fix: F-41381r653810_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to automatically terminate inactive SSH sessions after a period of inactivity. Modify or append the following line in the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file, replacing "[Count]" with a value of 1: ClientAliveCountMax 1 Restart the SSH daemon for the changes to take effect: $ sudo systemctl restart sshd.service

b
The Ubuntu operating system must immediately terminate all network connections associated with SSH traffic at the end of the session or after 10 minutes of inactivity.
RMF Control
SC-10
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001133
Version
UBTU-20-010037
Vuln IDs
V-238213
Rule IDs
SV-238213r858523_rule
Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle session will also free up resources committed by the managed network element. Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions includes, for example, de-allocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level, and de-allocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single operating system-level network connection. This does not mean that the operating system terminates all sessions or network access; it only ends the inactive session and releases the resources associated with that session.
Fix: F-41382r653813_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to automatically terminate all network connections associated with SSH traffic at the end of a session or after a 10-minute period of inactivity. Modify or append the following line in the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file replacing "[Interval]" with a value of "600" or less: ClientAliveInterval 600 Restart the SSH daemon for the changes to take effect: $ sudo systemctl restart sshd.service

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure the SSH daemon to use Message Authentication Codes (MACs) employing FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hashes to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of information and/or detect changes to information during transmission.
RMF Control
AC-17
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001453
Version
UBTU-20-010043
Vuln IDs
V-238216
Rule IDs
SV-238216r877465_rule
Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be altered by unauthorized users without detection. Remote access (e.g., RDP) is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network (e.g., the internet) or an internal network. Local maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities carried out by individuals physically present at the information system or information system component and not communicating across a network connection. Encrypting information for transmission protects information from unauthorized disclosure and modification. Cryptographic mechanisms implemented to protect information integrity include, for example, cryptographic hash functions which have common application in digital signatures, checksums, and message authentication codes. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000424-GPOS-00188, SRG-OS-000250-GPOS-00093, SRG-OS-000393-GPOS-00173
Fix: F-41385r653822_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to allow the SSH daemon to only use MACs that employ FIPS 140-2 approved ciphers. Add the following line (or modify the line to have the required value) to the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): MACs hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256 Restart the SSH daemon for the changes to take effect: $ sudo systemctl reload sshd.service

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure the SSH daemon to use FIPS 140-2 approved ciphers to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of information and/or detect changes to information during transmission.
RMF Control
AC-17
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000068
Version
UBTU-20-010044
Vuln IDs
V-238217
Rule IDs
SV-238217r877465_rule
Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be altered by unauthorized users without detection. Remote access (e.g., RDP) is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network (e.g., the internet) or an internal network. Local maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities carried out by individuals physically present at the information system or information system component and not communicating across a network connection. Encrypting information for transmission protects information from unauthorized disclosure and modification. Cryptographic mechanisms implemented to protect information integrity include, for example, cryptographic hash functions which have common application in digital signatures, checksums, and message authentication codes. By specifying a cipher list with the order of ciphers being in a "strongest to weakest" orientation, the system will automatically attempt to use the strongest cipher for securing SSH connections. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000424-GPOS-00188, SRG-OS-000033-GPOS-00014, SRG-OS-000394-GPOS-00174
Fix: F-41386r653825_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to allow the SSH daemon to only implement FIPS-approved algorithms. Add the following line (or modify the line to have the required value) to the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): Ciphers aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr Restart the SSH daemon for the changes to take effect: $ sudo systemctl restart sshd.service

c
The Ubuntu operating system must not allow unattended or automatic login via SSH.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010047
Vuln IDs
V-238218
Rule IDs
SV-238218r877377_rule
Failure to restrict system access to authenticated users negatively impacts Ubuntu operating system security.
Fix: F-41387r653828_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to allow the SSH daemon to not allow unattended or automatic login to the system. Add or edit the following lines in the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file: PermitEmptyPasswords no PermitUserEnvironment no Restart the SSH daemon for the changes to take effect: $ sudo systemctl restart sshd.service

c
The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that remote X connections are disabled, unless to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010048
Vuln IDs
V-238219
Rule IDs
SV-238219r858533_rule
The security risk of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11 display server may be exposed to attack when the SSH client requests forwarding. A System Administrator may have a stance in which they want to protect clients that may expose themselves to attack by unwittingly requesting X11 forwarding, which can warrant a ''no'' setting. X11 forwarding should be enabled with caution. Users with the ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host (for the user's X11 authorization database) can access the local X11 display through the forwarded connection. An attacker may then be able to perform activities such as keystroke monitoring if the ForwardX11Trusted option is also enabled. If X11 services are not required for the system's intended function, they should be disabled or restricted as appropriate to the system’s needs.
Fix: F-41388r653831_fix

Edit the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file to uncomment or add the line for the "X11Forwarding" keyword and set its value to "no" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): X11Forwarding no Restart the SSH daemon for the changes to take effect: $ sudo systemctl restart sshd.service

b
The Ubuntu operating system SSH daemon must prevent remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010049
Vuln IDs
V-238220
Rule IDs
SV-238220r858535_rule
When X11 forwarding is enabled, there may be additional exposure to the server and client displays if the sshd proxy display is configured to listen on the wildcard address. By default, sshd binds the forwarding server to the loopback address and sets the hostname part of the DISPLAY environment variable to localhost. This prevents remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display.
Fix: F-41389r653834_fix

Configure the SSH daemon to prevent remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display. Edit the "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" file to uncomment or add the line for the "X11UseLocalhost" keyword and set its value to "yes" (this file may be named differently or be in a different location if using a version of SSH that is provided by a third-party vendor): X11UseLocalhost yes Restart the SSH daemon for the changes to take effect: $ sudo systemctl restart sshd.service

a
The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000192
Version
UBTU-20-010050
Vuln IDs
V-238221
Rule IDs
SV-238221r653838_rule
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Fix: F-41390r653837_fix

Add or update the "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" file to contain the "ucredit" parameter: ucredit=-1

a
The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lower-case character be used.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000193
Version
UBTU-20-010051
Vuln IDs
V-238222
Rule IDs
SV-238222r653841_rule
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Fix: F-41391r653840_fix

Add or update the "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" file to contain the "lcredit" parameter: lcredit=-1

a
The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000194
Version
UBTU-20-010052
Vuln IDs
V-238223
Rule IDs
SV-238223r653844_rule
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Fix: F-41392r653843_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. Add or update the "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" file to contain the "dcredit" parameter: dcredit=-1

a
The Ubuntu operating system must require the change of at least 8 characters when passwords are changed.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000195
Version
UBTU-20-010053
Vuln IDs
V-238224
Rule IDs
SV-238224r653847_rule
If the operating system allows the user to consecutively reuse extensive portions of passwords, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the window of opportunity for attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. The number of changed characters refers to the number of changes required with respect to the total number of positions in the current password. In other words, characters may be the same within the two passwords; however, the positions of the like characters must be different. If the password length is an odd number then number of changed characters must be rounded up. For example, a password length of 15 characters must require the change of at least 8 characters.
Fix: F-41393r653846_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to require the change of at least eight characters when passwords are changed. Add or update the "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" file to include the "difok=8" parameter: difok=8

b
The Ubuntu operating system must enforce a minimum 15-character password length.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000205
Version
UBTU-20-010054
Vuln IDs
V-238225
Rule IDs
SV-238225r832942_rule
The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. Use of more characters in a password helps to exponentially increase the time and/or resources required to compromise the password.
Fix: F-41394r653849_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to enforce a minimum 15-character password length. Add or modify the "minlen" parameter value to the "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" file: minlen=15

a
The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-001619
Version
UBTU-20-010055
Vuln IDs
V-238226
Rule IDs
SV-238226r653853_rule
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity or strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor in determining how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Special characters are those characters that are not alphanumeric. Examples include: ~ ! @ # $ % ^ *.
Fix: F-41395r653852_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. Add or update the following line in the "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" file to include the "ocredit=-1" parameter: ocredit=-1

b
The Ubuntu operating system must prevent the use of dictionary words for passwords.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010056
Vuln IDs
V-238227
Rule IDs
SV-238227r653856_rule
If the Ubuntu operating system allows the user to select passwords based on dictionary words, then this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the opportunity for successful guesses and brute-force attacks.
Fix: F-41396r653855_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to prevent the use of dictionary words for passwords. Add or update the following line in the "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" file to include the "dictcheck=1" parameter: dictcheck=1

b
The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed or new passwords are established, pwquality must be used.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010057
Vuln IDs
V-238228
Rule IDs
SV-238228r653859_rule
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. "pwquality" enforces complex password construction configuration and has the ability to limit brute-force attacks on the system.
Fix: F-41397r653858_fix

Configure the operating system to use "pwquality" to enforce password complexity rules. Install the "pam_pwquality" package by using the following command: $ sudo apt-get install libpam-pwquality -y Add the following line to "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" (or modify the line to have the required value): enforcing = 1 Add the following line to "/etc/pam.d/common-password" (or modify the line to have the required value): password requisite pam_pwquality.so retry=3 Note: The value of "retry" should be between "1" and "3".

b
The Ubuntu operating system, for PKI-based authentication, must validate certificates by constructing a certification path (which includes status information) to an accepted trust anchor.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000185
Version
UBTU-20-010060
Vuln IDs
V-238229
Rule IDs
SV-238229r653862_rule
Without path validation, an informed trust decision by the relying party cannot be made when presented with any certificate not already explicitly trusted. A trust anchor is an authoritative entity represented via a public key and associated data. It is used in the context of public key infrastructures, X.509 digital certificates, and DNSSEC. When there is a chain of trust, usually the top entity to be trusted becomes the trust anchor; it can be, for example, a Certification Authority (CA). A certification path starts with the subject certificate and proceeds through a number of intermediate certificates up to a trusted root certificate, typically issued by a trusted CA. This requirement verifies that a certification path to an accepted trust anchor is used for certificate validation and that the path includes status information. Path validation is necessary for a relying party to make an informed trust decision when presented with any certificate not already explicitly trusted. Status information for certification paths includes certificate revocation lists or online certificate status protocol responses. Validation of the certificate status information is out of scope for this requirement.
Fix: F-41398r653861_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system, for PKI-based authentication, to validate certificates by constructing a certification path to an accepted trust anchor. Determine which pkcs11 module is being used via the "use_pkcs11_module" in "/etc/pam_pkcs11/pam_pkcs11.conf" and ensure "ca" is enabled in "cert_policy". Add or update the "cert_policy" to ensure "ca" is enabled: cert_policy = ca,signature,ocsp_on; If the system is missing an "/etc/pam_pkcs11/" directory and an "/etc/pam_pkcs11/pam_pkcs11.conf", find an example to copy into place and modify accordingly at "/usr/share/doc/libpam-pkcs11/examples/pam_pkcs11.conf.example.gz".

b
The Ubuntu operating system must implement multifactor authentication for remote access to privileged accounts in such a way that one of the factors is provided by a device separate from the system gaining access.
RMF Control
IA-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001948
Version
UBTU-20-010063
Vuln IDs
V-238230
Rule IDs
SV-238230r853410_rule
Using an authentication device, such as a CAC or token that is separate from the information system, ensures that even if the information system is compromised, that compromise will not affect credentials stored on the authentication device. Multifactor solutions that require devices separate from information systems gaining access include, for example, hardware tokens providing time-based or challenge-response authenticators and smart cards such as the U.S. Government Personal Identity Verification card and the DoD Common Access Card. A privileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Remote access is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. This requirement only applies to components where this is specific to the function of the device or has the concept of an organizational user (e.g., VPN, proxy capability). This does not apply to authentication for the purpose of configuring the device itself (management).
Fix: F-41399r653864_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to implement multifactor authentication by installing the required packages. Install the "libpam-pkcs11" package on the system with the following command: $ sudo apt install libpam-pkcs11

b
The Ubuntu operating system must accept Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials.
RMF Control
IA-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001953
Version
UBTU-20-010064
Vuln IDs
V-238231
Rule IDs
SV-238231r853411_rule
The use of PIV credentials facilitates standardization and reduces the risk of unauthorized access. DoD has mandated the use of the CAC to support identity management and personal authentication for systems covered under Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) 12, as well as making the CAC a primary component of layered protection for national security systems.
Fix: F-41400r653867_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to accept PIV credentials. Install the "opensc-pkcs11" package using the following command: $ sudo apt-get install opensc-pkcs11

b
The Ubuntu operating system must electronically verify Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials.
RMF Control
IA-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001954
Version
UBTU-20-010065
Vuln IDs
V-238232
Rule IDs
SV-238232r853412_rule
The use of PIV credentials facilitates standardization and reduces the risk of unauthorized access. DoD has mandated the use of the CAC to support identity management and personal authentication for systems covered under Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) 12, as well as making the CAC a primary component of layered protection for national security systems.
Fix: F-41401r653870_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to do certificate status checking for multifactor authentication. Modify all of the "cert_policy" lines in "/etc/pam_pkcs11/pam_pkcs11.conf" to include "ocsp_on".

b
The Ubuntu operating system for PKI-based authentication, must implement a local cache of revocation data in case of the inability to access revocation information via the network.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001991
Version
UBTU-20-010066
Vuln IDs
V-238233
Rule IDs
SV-238233r880870_rule
Without configuring a local cache of revocation data, there is the potential to allow access to users who are no longer authorized (users with revoked certificates).
Fix: F-41402r880869_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system, for PKI-based authentication, to use local revocation data when unable to access the network to obtain it remotely. Add or update the "cert_policy" option in "/etc/pam_pkcs11/pam_pkcs11.conf" to include "crl_auto" or "crl_offline". cert_policy = ca,signature,ocsp_on, crl_auto; If the system is missing an "/etc/pam_pkcs11/" directory and an "/etc/pam_pkcs11/pam_pkcs11.conf", find an example to copy into place and modify accordingly at "/usr/share/doc/libpam-pkcs11/examples/pam_pkcs11.conf.example.gz".

a
The Ubuntu operating system must automatically lock an account until the locked account is released by an administrator when three unsuccessful logon attempts have been made.
RMF Control
AC-7
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000044
Version
UBTU-20-010072
Vuln IDs
V-238235
Rule IDs
SV-238235r853414_rule
By limiting the number of failed logon attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute-forcing, is reduced. Limits are imposed by locking the account. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000329-GPOS-00128, SRG-OS-000021-GPOS-00005
Fix: F-41404r802382_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to utilize the "pam_faillock" module. Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-auth file. Add the following lines below the "auth" definition for pam_unix.so: auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail auth sufficient pam_faillock.so authsucc Configure the "pam_faillock" module to use the following options: Edit the /etc/security/faillock.conf file and add/update the following keywords and values: audit silent deny = 3 fail_interval = 900 unlock_time = 0

a
The Ubuntu operating system must enforce a delay of at least 4 seconds between logon prompts following a failed logon attempt.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010075
Vuln IDs
V-238237
Rule IDs
SV-238237r653886_rule
Limiting the number of logon attempts over a certain time interval reduces the chances that an unauthorized user may gain access to an account.
Fix: F-41406r653885_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to enforce a delay of at least 4 seconds between logon prompts following a failed logon attempt. Edit the file "/etc/pam.d/common-auth" and set the parameter "pam_faildelay" to a value of 4000000 or greater: auth required pam_faildelay.so delay=4000000

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/passwd.
RMF Control
AC-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000018
Version
UBTU-20-010100
Vuln IDs
V-238238
Rule IDs
SV-238238r853416_rule
Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an account. Auditing account creation actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems may be integrated with enterprise level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000004-GPOS-00004, SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089, SRG-OS-000240-GPOS-00090, SRG-OS-000241-GPOS-00091, SRG-OS-000303-GPOS-00120, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000463-GPOS-00207, SRG-OS-000476-GPOS-00221
Fix: F-41407r653888_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect "/etc/passwd". Add or update the following rule to "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules": -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k usergroup_modification To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/group.
RMF Control
AC-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000018
Version
UBTU-20-010101
Vuln IDs
V-238239
Rule IDs
SV-238239r853417_rule
Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an account. Auditing account creation actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems may be integrated with enterprise level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000004-GPOS-00004, SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089, SRG-OS-000240-GPOS-00090, SRG-OS-000241-GPOS-00091, SRG-OS-000303-GPOS-00120, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000476-GPOS-00221
Fix: F-41408r653891_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect "/etc/group". Add or update the following rule to "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules": -w /etc/group -p wa -k usergroup_modification To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/shadow.
RMF Control
AC-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000018
Version
UBTU-20-010102
Vuln IDs
V-238240
Rule IDs
SV-238240r853418_rule
Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an account. Auditing account creation actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems may be integrated with enterprise level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000004-GPOS-00004, SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089, SRG-OS-000240-GPOS-00090, SRG-OS-000241-GPOS-00091, SRG-OS-000303-GPOS-00120, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000476-GPOS-00221
Fix: F-41409r653894_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect "/etc/shadow". Add or update the following rule to "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules": -w /etc/shadow -p wa -k usergroup_modification To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/gshadow.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010103
Vuln IDs
V-238241
Rule IDs
SV-238241r853419_rule
Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an account. Auditing account creation actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems may be integrated with enterprise level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000004-GPOS-00004, SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089, SRG-OS-000240-GPOS-00090, SRG-OS-000241-GPOS-00091, SRG-OS-000303-GPOS-00120, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000476-GPOS-00221
Fix: F-41410r653897_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect "/etc/gshadow". Add or update the following rule to "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules": -w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k usergroup_modification To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/opasswd.
RMF Control
AC-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000018
Version
UBTU-20-010104
Vuln IDs
V-238242
Rule IDs
SV-238242r853420_rule
Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an account. Auditing account creation actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems may be integrated with enterprise level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000004-GPOS-00004, SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089, SRG-OS-000240-GPOS-00090, SRG-OS-000241-GPOS-00091, SRG-OS-000303-GPOS-00120, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000476-GPOS-00221
Fix: F-41411r653900_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect "/etc/security/opasswd". Add or update the following rule to "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules": -w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k usergroup_modification To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must shut down by default upon audit failure (unless availability is an overriding concern).
RMF Control
AU-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000140
Version
UBTU-20-010118
Vuln IDs
V-238244
Rule IDs
SV-238244r653907_rule
It is critical that when the operating system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, it takes action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware errors; failures in the audit capturing mechanisms; and audit storage capacity being reached or exceeded. Responses to audit failure depend upon the nature of the failure mode. When availability is an overriding concern, other approved actions in response to an audit failure are as follows: 1) If the failure was caused by the lack of audit record storage capacity, the operating system must continue generating audit records if possible (automatically restarting the audit service if necessary), overwriting the oldest audit records in a first-in-first-out manner. 2) If audit records are sent to a centralized collection server and communication with this server is lost or the server fails, the operating system must queue audit records locally until communication is restored or until the audit records are retrieved manually. Upon restoration of the connection to the centralized collection server, action should be taken to synchronize the local audit data with the collection server.
Fix: F-41413r653906_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to shut down by default upon audit failure (unless availability is an overriding concern). Add or update the following line (depending on configuration, "disk_full_action" can be set to "SYSLOG", "HALT" or "SINGLE") in "/etc/audit/auditd.conf" file: disk_full_action = HALT Restart the "auditd" service so the changes take effect: $ sudo systemctl restart auditd.service

b
The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that audit configuration files are not write-accessible by unauthorized users.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000171
Version
UBTU-20-010133
Vuln IDs
V-238249
Rule IDs
SV-238249r653922_rule
Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events. Misconfigured audits may degrade the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfigured audits may also make it more difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Fix: F-41418r653921_fix

Configure "/etc/audit/audit.rules", "/etc/audit/rules.d/*", and "/etc/audit/auditd.conf" files to have a mode of "0640" by using the following command: $ sudo chmod -R 0640 /etc/audit/audit*.{rules,conf} /etc/audit/rules.d/*

b
The Ubuntu operating system must permit only authorized accounts to own the audit configuration files.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000171
Version
UBTU-20-010134
Vuln IDs
V-238250
Rule IDs
SV-238250r653925_rule
Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events. Misconfigured audits may degrade the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfigured audits may also make it more difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Fix: F-41419r653924_fix

Configure "/etc/audit/audit.rules", "/etc/audit/rules.d/*" and "/etc/audit/auditd.conf" files to be owned by root user by using the following command: $ sudo chown root /etc/audit/audit*.{rules,conf} /etc/audit/rules.d/*

b
The Ubuntu operating system must permit only authorized groups to own the audit configuration files.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000171
Version
UBTU-20-010135
Vuln IDs
V-238251
Rule IDs
SV-238251r653928_rule
Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events. Misconfigured audits may degrade the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfigured audits may also make it more difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.
Fix: F-41420r653927_fix

Configure "/etc/audit/audit.rules", "/etc/audit/rules.d/*", and "/etc/audit/auditd.conf" files to be owned by root group by using the following command: $ sudo chown :root /etc/audit/audit*.{rules,conf} /etc/audit/rules.d/*

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the su command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010136
Vuln IDs
V-238252
Rule IDs
SV-238252r653931_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41421r653930_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the "su" command occur. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/bin/su -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-priv_change To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chfn command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010137
Vuln IDs
V-238253
Rule IDs
SV-238253r653934_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41422r653933_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful uses of the "chfn" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chfn -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-chfn To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the mount command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010138
Vuln IDs
V-238254
Rule IDs
SV-238254r653937_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41423r653936_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "mount" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/mount -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-mount To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the umount command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010139
Vuln IDs
V-238255
Rule IDs
SV-238255r653940_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41424r653939_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "umount" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/umount -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-umount To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the ssh-agent command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010140
Vuln IDs
V-238256
Rule IDs
SV-238256r653943_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41425r653942_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "ssh-agent" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/ssh-agent -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-ssh To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the ssh-keysign command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010141
Vuln IDs
V-238257
Rule IDs
SV-238257r653946_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41426r653945_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "ssh-keysign" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-ssh To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for any use of the setxattr, fsetxattr, lsetxattr, removexattr, fremovexattr, and lremovexattr system calls.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010142
Vuln IDs
V-238258
Rule IDs
SV-238258r808474_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall that all programs on the system makes. Therefore, it is very important to only use syscall rules when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance is helped, though, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206
Fix: F-41427r808473_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "setxattr", "fsetxattr", "lsetxattr", "removexattr", "fremovexattr", and "lremovexattr" system calls. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr,fsetxattr,lsetxattr,removexattr,fremovexattr,lremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr,fsetxattr,lsetxattr,removexattr,fremovexattr,lremovexattr -F auid=0 -k perm_mod -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr,fsetxattr,lsetxattr,removexattr,fremovexattr,lremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr,fsetxattr,lsetxattr,removexattr,fremovexattr,lremovexattr -F auid=0 -k perm_mod Note: For 32-bit architectures, only the 32-bit specific entries are required. To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chown, fchown, fchownat, and lchown system calls.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010148
Vuln IDs
V-238264
Rule IDs
SV-238264r808477_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall that all programs on the system makes. Therefore, it is very important to only use syscall rules when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance is helped, though, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206
Fix: F-41433r808476_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "chown", "fchown", "fchownat", and "lchown" system calls. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown,fchown,fchownat,lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_chng -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown,fchown,fchownat,lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_chng Note: For 32-bit architectures, only the 32-bit specific entries are required. To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chmod, fchmod, and fchmodat system calls.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010152
Vuln IDs
V-238268
Rule IDs
SV-238268r808480_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall that all programs on the system makes. Therefore, it is very important to only use syscall rules when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance is helped, though, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206
Fix: F-41437r808479_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "chmod", "fchmod", and "fchmodat" system calls. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules": -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_chng -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_chng Notes: For 32-bit architectures, only the 32-bit specific entries are required. To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the creat, open, openat, open_by_handle_at, truncate, and ftruncate system calls.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010155
Vuln IDs
V-238271
Rule IDs
SV-238271r808483_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall that all programs on the system makes. Therefore, it is very important to only use syscall rules when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance is helped, though, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000474-GPOS-00219
Fix: F-41440r808482_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any unsuccessful use of the"creat", "open", "openat", "open_by_handle_at", "truncate", and "ftruncate" system calls. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_access -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_access -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_access -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_access Notes: For 32-bit architectures, only the 32-bit specific entries are required. To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the sudo command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010161
Vuln IDs
V-238277
Rule IDs
SV-238277r654006_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41446r654005_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "sudo" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/sudo -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k priv_cmd To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the sudoedit command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010162
Vuln IDs
V-238278
Rule IDs
SV-238278r654009_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41447r654008_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "sudoedit" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules": -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/sudoedit -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k priv_cmd To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chsh command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010163
Vuln IDs
V-238279
Rule IDs
SV-238279r654012_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41448r654011_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "chsh" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chsh -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k priv_cmd To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the newgrp command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010164
Vuln IDs
V-238280
Rule IDs
SV-238280r654015_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41449r654014_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "newgrp" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/newgrp -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k priv_cmd To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chcon command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010165
Vuln IDs
V-238281
Rule IDs
SV-238281r654018_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41450r654017_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "chcon" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chcon -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_chng To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the apparmor_parser command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010166
Vuln IDs
V-238282
Rule IDs
SV-238282r654021_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41451r654020_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "apparmor_parser" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/sbin/apparmor_parser -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_chng To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the setfacl command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010167
Vuln IDs
V-238283
Rule IDs
SV-238283r654024_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41452r654023_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "setfacl" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/setfacl -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_chng To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chacl command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010168
Vuln IDs
V-238284
Rule IDs
SV-238284r654027_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41453r654026_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "chacl" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chacl -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_chng To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the use and modification of the tallylog file.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010169
Vuln IDs
V-238285
Rule IDs
SV-238285r654030_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000470-GPOS-00214, SRG-OS-000473-GPOS-00218
Fix: F-41454r654029_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful modifications to the "tallylog" file. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /var/log/tallylog -p wa -k logins To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the use and modification of faillog file.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010170
Vuln IDs
V-238286
Rule IDs
SV-238286r654033_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000470-GPOS-00214, SRG-OS-000473-GPOS-00218
Fix: F-41455r654032_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful modifications to the "faillog" file. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /var/log/faillog -p wa -k logins To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the use and modification of the lastlog file.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010171
Vuln IDs
V-238287
Rule IDs
SV-238287r654036_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000470-GPOS-00214, SRG-OS-000473-GPOS-00218
Fix: F-41456r654035_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful modifications to the "lastlog" file. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the passwd command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010172
Vuln IDs
V-238288
Rule IDs
SV-238288r833012_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41457r832949_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful uses of the "passwd" command. Add or update the following rule in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/passwd -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-passwd To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the unix_update command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010173
Vuln IDs
V-238289
Rule IDs
SV-238289r654042_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41458r654041_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful uses of the "unix_update" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/sbin/unix_update -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-unix-update To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the gpasswd command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010174
Vuln IDs
V-238290
Rule IDs
SV-238290r654045_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41459r654044_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful uses of the "gpasswd" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/gpasswd -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-gpasswd To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chage command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010175
Vuln IDs
V-238291
Rule IDs
SV-238291r654048_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41460r654047_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful uses of the "chage" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chage -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-chage To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the usermod command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010176
Vuln IDs
V-238292
Rule IDs
SV-238292r654051_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41461r654050_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful uses of the "usermod" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/usermod -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-usermod To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the crontab command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010177
Vuln IDs
V-238293
Rule IDs
SV-238293r654054_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41462r654053_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful uses of the "crontab" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/crontab -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-crontab To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the pam_timestamp_check command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010178
Vuln IDs
V-238294
Rule IDs
SV-238294r654057_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41463r654056_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful uses of the "pam_timestamp_check" command. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/pam_timestamp_check -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged-pam_timestamp_check To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the init_module and finit_module syscalls.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010179
Vuln IDs
V-238295
Rule IDs
SV-238295r808486_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall that all programs on the system makes. Therefore, it is very important to only use syscall rules when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance is helped, though, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00216
Fix: F-41464r808485_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "init_module" and "finit_module" syscalls. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S init_module,finit_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k module_chng -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module,finit_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k module_chng Notes: For 32-bit architectures, only the 32-bit specific entries are required. To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the delete_module syscall.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010181
Vuln IDs
V-238297
Rule IDs
SV-238297r802387_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000477-GPOS-00222
Fix: F-41466r654065_fix

Configure the audit system to generate an audit event for any successful/unsuccessful use of the "delete_module" syscall. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S delete_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k module_chng -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S delete_module -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k module_chng Notes: For 32-bit architectures, only the 32-bit specific entries are required. To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must produce audit records and reports containing information to establish when, where, what type, the source, and the outcome for all DoD-defined auditable events and actions in near real time.
RMF Control
AU-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000130
Version
UBTU-20-010182
Vuln IDs
V-238298
Rule IDs
SV-238298r853421_rule
Without establishing the when, where, type, source, and outcome of events that occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack. Without the capability to generate audit records, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy this requirement includes, for example, time stamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, filenames involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Reconstruction of harmful events or forensic analysis is not possible if audit records do not contain enough information. Successful incident response and auditing relies on timely, accurate system information and analysis in order to allow the organization to identify and respond to potential incidents in a proficient manner. If the operating system does not provide the ability to centrally review the operating system logs, forensic analysis is negatively impacted. Associating event types with detected events in the Ubuntu operating system audit logs provides a means of investigating an attack; recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or identifying an improperly configured operating system. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000122-GPOS-00063, SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000038-GPOS-00016, SRG-OS-000039-GPOS-00017, SRG-OS-000040-GPOS-00018, SRG-OS-000041-GPOS-00019, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00021, SRG-OS-000051-GPOS-00024, SRG-OS-000054-GPOS-00025, SRG-OS-000062-GPOS-00031, SRG-OS-000337-GPOS-00129, SRG-OS-000348-GPOS-00136, SRG-OS-000349-GPOS-00137, SRG-OS-000350-GPOS-00138, SRG-OS-000351-GPOS-00139, SRG-OS-000352-GPOS-00140, SRG-OS-000353-GPOS-00141, SRG-OS-000354-GPOS-00142, SRG-OS-000475-GPOS-00220
Fix: F-41467r654068_fix

Configure the audit service to produce audit records containing the information needed to establish when (date and time) an event occurred. Install the audit service (if the audit service is not already installed) with the following command: $ sudo apt-get install auditd Enable the audit service with the following command: $ sudo systemctl enable auditd.service To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must initiate session audits at system start-up.
RMF Control
AU-14
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001464
Version
UBTU-20-010198
Vuln IDs
V-238299
Rule IDs
SV-238299r654072_rule
If auditing is enabled late in the start-up process, the actions of some start-up processes may not be audited. Some audit systems also maintain state information only available if auditing is enabled before a given process is created.
Fix: F-41468r654071_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to produce audit records at system startup. Edit the "/etc/default/grub" file and add "audit=1" to the "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX" option. To update the grub config file, run: $ sudo update-grub

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure audit tools with a mode of 0755 or less permissive.
RMF Control
AU-9
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001493
Version
UBTU-20-010199
Vuln IDs
V-238300
Rule IDs
SV-238300r654075_rule
Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit information. Operating systems providing tools to interface with audit information will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the access to audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000256-GPOS-00097, SRG-OS-000257-GPOS-00098
Fix: F-41469r654074_fix

Configure the audit tools on the Ubuntu operating system to be protected from unauthorized access by setting the correct permissive mode using the following command: $ sudo chmod 0755 [audit_tool] Replace "[audit_tool]" with the audit tool that does not have the correct permissions.

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure audit tools to be owned by root.
RMF Control
AU-9
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001493
Version
UBTU-20-010200
Vuln IDs
V-238301
Rule IDs
SV-238301r654078_rule
Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit information. Operating systems providing tools to interface with audit information will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the access to audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000256-GPOS-00097, SRG-OS-000257-GPOS-00098
Fix: F-41470r654077_fix

Configure the audit tools on the Ubuntu operating system to be protected from unauthorized access by setting the file owner as root using the following command: $ sudo chown root [audit_tool] Replace "[audit_tool]" with each audit tool not owned by root.

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure the audit tools to be group-owned by root.
RMF Control
AU-9
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001493
Version
UBTU-20-010201
Vuln IDs
V-238302
Rule IDs
SV-238302r654081_rule
Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit information. Operating systems providing tools to interface with audit information will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the access to audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000256-GPOS-00097, SRG-OS-000257-GPOS-00098
Fix: F-41471r654080_fix

Configure the audit tools on the Ubuntu operating system to be protected from unauthorized access by setting the file group as root using the following command: $ sudo chown :root [audit_tool] Replace "[audit_tool]" with each audit tool not group-owned by root.

b
The Ubuntu operating system must prevent all software from executing at higher privilege levels than users executing the software and the audit system must be configured to audit the execution of privileged functions.
RMF Control
AC-6
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002233
Version
UBTU-20-010211
Vuln IDs
V-238304
Rule IDs
SV-238304r853422_rule
In certain situations, software applications/programs need to execute with elevated privileges to perform required functions. However, if the privileges required for execution are at a higher level than the privileges assigned to organizational users invoking such applications/programs, those users are indirectly provided with greater privileges than assigned by the organizations. Some programs and processes are required to operate at a higher privilege level and therefore should be excluded from the organization-defined software list after review. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000326-GPOS-00126, SRG-OS-000327-GPOS-00127
Fix: F-41473r654086_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to audit the execution of all privileged functions. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -C uid!=euid -F euid=0 -F key=execpriv -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -C gid!=egid -F egid=0 -F key=execpriv -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S execve -C uid!=euid -F euid=0 -F key=execpriv -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S execve -C gid!=egid -F egid=0 -F key=execpriv Notes: For 32-bit architectures, only the 32-bit specific entries are required. To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for any successful/unsuccessful use of unlink, unlinkat, rename, renameat, and rmdir system calls.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010267
Vuln IDs
V-238310
Rule IDs
SV-238310r832953_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). The system call rules are loaded into a matching engine that intercepts each syscall that all programs on the system makes. Therefore, it is very important to only use syscall rules when absolutely necessary since these affect performance. The more rules, the bigger the performance hit. The performance is helped, though, by combining syscalls into one rule whenever possible.
Fix: F-41479r832952_fix

Configure the audit system to generate audit events for any successful/unsuccessful use of "unlink", "unlinkat", "rename", "renameat", and "rmdir" system calls. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink,unlinkat,rename,renameat,rmdir -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S unlink,unlinkat,rename,renameat,rmdir -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete Notes: For 32-bit architectures, only the 32-bit specific entries are required. To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the /var/log/wtmp file.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010277
Vuln IDs
V-238315
Rule IDs
SV-238315r654120_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41484r654119_fix

Configure the audit system to generate audit events showing start and stop times for user access via the "/var/log/wtmp" file. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k logins To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the /var/run/utmp file.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010278
Vuln IDs
V-238316
Rule IDs
SV-238316r880873_rule
Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41485r880872_fix

Configure the audit system to generate audit events showing start and stop times for user access via the "/var/run/utmp" file. Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k logins To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the /var/log/btmp file.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010279
Vuln IDs
V-238317
Rule IDs
SV-238317r654126_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41486r654125_fix

Configure the audit system to generate audit events showing start and stop times for user access via the "/var/log/btmp file". Add or update the following rules in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k logins To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use modprobe command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010296
Vuln IDs
V-238318
Rule IDs
SV-238318r654129_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41487r654128_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to audit the execution of the module management program "modprobe". Add or update the following rule in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the kmod command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010297
Vuln IDs
V-238319
Rule IDs
SV-238319r654132_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41488r654131_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to audit the execution of the module management program "kmod". Add or update the following rule in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /bin/kmod -p x -k modules To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the fdisk command.
RMF Control
AU-12
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000172
Version
UBTU-20-010298
Vuln IDs
V-238320
Rule IDs
SV-238320r832956_rule
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
Fix: F-41489r832955_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to audit the execution of the partition management program "fdisk". Add or update the following rule in the "/etc/audit/rules.d/stig.rules" file: -w /usr/sbin/fdisk -p x -k fdisk To reload the rules file, issue the following command: $ sudo augenrules --load

a
The Ubuntu operating system must limit the number of concurrent sessions to ten for all accounts and/or account types.
RMF Control
AC-10
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000054
Version
UBTU-20-010400
Vuln IDs
V-238323
Rule IDs
SV-238323r877399_rule
The Ubuntu operating system management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize an operating system. Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user is helpful in reducing the risks related to DoS attacks. This requirement addresses concurrent sessions for information system accounts and does not address concurrent sessions by single users via multiple system accounts. The maximum number of concurrent sessions should be defined based upon mission needs and the operational environment for each system.
Fix: F-41492r654143_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to limit the number of concurrent sessions to 10 for all accounts and/or account types. Add the following line to the top of the "/etc/security/limits.conf" file: * hard maxlogins 10

b
The Ubuntu operating system must encrypt all stored passwords with a FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hashing algorithm.
RMF Control
IA-7
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000803
Version
UBTU-20-010404
Vuln IDs
V-238325
Rule IDs
SV-238325r654150_rule
Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised.
Fix: F-41494r654149_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to encrypt all stored passwords. Edit/modify the following line in the "/etc/login.defs" file and set "ENCRYPT_METHOD" to SHA512: ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512

c
The Ubuntu operating system must not have the telnet package installed.
RMF Control
IA-5
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000197
Version
UBTU-20-010405
Vuln IDs
V-238326
Rule IDs
SV-238326r877396_rule
Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised.
Fix: F-41495r654152_fix

Remove the telnet package from the Ubuntu operating system by running the following command: $ sudo apt-get remove telnetd

c
The Ubuntu operating system must not have the rsh-server package installed.
RMF Control
CM-7
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000381
Version
UBTU-20-010406
Vuln IDs
V-238327
Rule IDs
SV-238327r654156_rule
It is detrimental for operating systems to provide, or install by default, functionality exceeding requirements or mission objectives. These unnecessary capabilities or services are often overlooked and therefore may remain unsecured. They increase the risk to the platform by providing additional attack vectors. Operating systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizational operations (e.g., key missions, functions). Examples of non-essential capabilities include, but are not limited to, games, software packages, tools, and demonstration software, not related to requirements or providing a wide array of functionality not required for every mission, but which cannot be disabled.
Fix: F-41496r654155_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to disable non-essential capabilities by removing the rsh-server package from the system with the following command: $ sudo apt-get remove rsh-server

b
The Ubuntu operating system must disable account identifiers (individuals, groups, roles, and devices) after 35 days of inactivity.
RMF Control
IA-4
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-000795
Version
UBTU-20-010409
Vuln IDs
V-238330
Rule IDs
SV-238330r654165_rule
Inactive identifiers pose a risk to systems and applications because attackers may exploit an inactive identifier and potentially obtain undetected access to the system. Owners of inactive accounts will not notice if unauthorized access to their user account has been obtained. Operating systems need to track periods of inactivity and disable application identifiers after 35 days of inactivity.
Fix: F-41499r654164_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to disable account identifiers after 35 days of inactivity after the password expiration. Run the following command to change the configuration for adduser: $ sudo useradd -D -f 35 Note: DoD recommendation is 35 days, but a lower value is acceptable. The value "0" will disable the account immediately after the password expires.

b
The Ubuntu operating system must be configured to use TCP syncookies.
RMF Control
SC-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001095
Version
UBTU-20-010412
Vuln IDs
V-238333
Rule IDs
SV-238333r654174_rule
DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity. Managing excess capacity ensures that sufficient capacity is available to counter flooding attacks. Employing increased capacity and service redundancy may reduce the susceptibility to some DoS attacks. Managing excess capacity may include, for example, establishing selected usage priorities, quotas, or partitioning.
Fix: F-41502r654173_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to use TCP syncookies by running the following command: $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 If "1" is not the system's default value, add or update the following line in "/etc/sysctl.conf": net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

b
The Ubuntu operating system must generate error messages that provide information necessary for corrective actions without revealing information that could be exploited by adversaries.
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001312
Version
UBTU-20-010416
Vuln IDs
V-238337
Rule IDs
SV-238337r880876_rule
Any operating system providing too much information in error messages risks compromising the data and security of the structure, and content of error messages needs to be carefully considered by the organization. Organizations carefully consider the structure/content of error messages. The extent to which information systems are able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements. Information that could be exploited by adversaries includes, for example, erroneous logon attempts with passwords entered by mistake as the username, mission/business information that can be derived from (if not stated explicitly by) information recorded, and personal information, such as account numbers, social security numbers, and credit card numbers. The /var/log/btmp, /var/log/wtmp, and /var/log/lastlog files have group write and global read permissions to allow for the lastlog function to perform. Limiting the permissions beyond this configuration will result in the failure of functions that rely on the lastlog database.
Fix: F-41506r880875_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to set permissions of all log files under the "/var/log" directory to "640" or more restricted by using the following command: Note: The btmp, wtmp, and lastlog files are excluded. Refer to the Discussion for details. $ sudo find /var/log -perm /137 ! -name '*[bw]tmp' ! -name '*lastlog' -type f -exec chmod 640 '{}' \;

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure the /var/log directory to be group-owned by syslog.
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001314
Version
UBTU-20-010417
Vuln IDs
V-238338
Rule IDs
SV-238338r654189_rule
Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or platform. Additionally, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and operational information must not be revealed through error messages to unauthorized personnel or their designated representatives. The structure and content of error messages must be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements.
Fix: F-41507r654188_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to have syslog group-own the "/var/log" directory by running the following command: $ sudo chgrp syslog /var/log

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure the /var/log directory to be owned by root.
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001314
Version
UBTU-20-010418
Vuln IDs
V-238339
Rule IDs
SV-238339r654192_rule
Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or platform. Additionally, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and operational information must not be revealed through error messages to unauthorized personnel or their designated representatives. The structure and content of error messages must be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements.
Fix: F-41508r654191_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to have root own the "/var/log" directory by running the following command: $ sudo chown root /var/log

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure the /var/log directory to have mode "0755" or less permissive.
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001314
Version
UBTU-20-010419
Vuln IDs
V-238340
Rule IDs
SV-238340r880879_rule
Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or platform. Additionally, personally identifiable information (PII) and operational information must not be revealed through error messages to unauthorized personnel or their designated representatives. The structure and content of error messages must be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements.
Fix: F-41509r880878_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to have permissions of "0755" for the "/var/log" directory by running the following command: $ sudo chmod 0755 /var/log

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure the /var/log/syslog file to be group-owned by adm.
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001314
Version
UBTU-20-010420
Vuln IDs
V-238341
Rule IDs
SV-238341r654198_rule
Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or platform. Additionally, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and operational information must not be revealed through error messages to unauthorized personnel or their designated representatives. The structure and content of error messages must be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements.
Fix: F-41510r654197_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to have adm group-own the "/var/log/syslog" file by running the following command: $ sudo chgrp adm /var/log/syslog

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure /var/log/syslog file to be owned by syslog.
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001314
Version
UBTU-20-010421
Vuln IDs
V-238342
Rule IDs
SV-238342r654201_rule
Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or platform. Additionally, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and operational information must not be revealed through error messages to unauthorized personnel or their designated representatives. The structure and content of error messages must be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements.
Fix: F-41511r654200_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to have syslog own the "/var/log/syslog" file by running the following command: $ sudo chown syslog /var/log/syslog

b
The Ubuntu operating system must configure /var/log/syslog file with mode 0640 or less permissive.
RMF Control
SI-11
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001314
Version
UBTU-20-010422
Vuln IDs
V-238343
Rule IDs
SV-238343r654204_rule
Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or platform. Additionally, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and operational information must not be revealed through error messages to unauthorized personnel or their designated representatives. The structure and content of error messages must be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements.
Fix: F-41512r654203_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to have permissions of 0640 for the "/var/log/syslog" file by running the following command: $ sudo chmod 0640 /var/log/syslog

b
The Ubuntu operating system must be configured to preserve log records from failure events.
RMF Control
SC-24
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001665
Version
UBTU-20-010432
Vuln IDs
V-238353
Rule IDs
SV-238353r654234_rule
Failure to a known state can address safety or security in accordance with the mission/business needs of the organization. Failure to a known secure state helps prevent a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability in the event of a failure of the information system or a component of the system. Preserving operating system state information helps to facilitate operating system restart and return to the operational mode of the organization with least disruption to mission/business processes.
Fix: F-41522r654233_fix

Configure the log service to collect failure events. Install the log service (if the log service is not already installed) with the following command: $ sudo apt-get install rsyslog Enable the log service with the following command: $ sudo systemctl enable --now rsyslog

b
The Ubuntu operating system must have an application firewall installed in order to control remote access methods.
RMF Control
AC-17
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002314
Version
UBTU-20-010433
Vuln IDs
V-238354
Rule IDs
SV-238354r853429_rule
Remote access services, such as those providing remote access to network devices and information systems, which lack automated control capabilities, increase risk and make remote user access management difficult at best. Remote access is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. Ubuntu operating system functionality (e.g., RDP) must be capable of taking enforcement action if the audit reveals unauthorized activity. Automated control of remote access sessions allows organizations to ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies by enforcing connection rules of remote access applications on a variety of information system components (e.g., servers, workstations, notebook computers, smartphones, and tablets).
Fix: F-41523r654236_fix

Install the Uncomplicated Firewall by using the following command: $ sudo apt-get install ufw

a
The Ubuntu operating system must synchronize internal information system clocks to the authoritative time source when the time difference is greater than one second.
RMF Control
AU-8
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-002046
Version
UBTU-20-010436
Vuln IDs
V-238357
Rule IDs
SV-238357r853432_rule
Inaccurate time stamps make it more difficult to correlate events and can lead to an inaccurate analysis. Determining the correct time a particular event occurred on a system is critical when conducting forensic analysis and investigating system events. Synchronizing internal information system clocks provides uniformity of time stamps for information systems with multiple system clocks and systems connected over a network. Organizations should consider setting time periods for different types of systems (e.g., financial, legal, or mission-critical systems). Organizations should also consider endpoints that may not have regular access to the authoritative time server (e.g., mobile, teleworking, and tactical endpoints). This requirement is related to the comparison done every 24 hours in SRG-OS-000355 because a comparison must be done in order to determine the time difference.
Fix: F-41526r654245_fix

Configure chrony to synchronize the internal system clocks to the authoritative source when the time difference is greater than one second by doing the following: Edit the "/etc/chrony/chrony.conf" file and add: makestep 1 -1 Restart the chrony service: $ sudo systemctl restart chrony.service

b
The Ubuntu operating system's Advance Package Tool (APT) must be configured to prevent the installation of patches, service packs, device drivers, or Ubuntu operating system components without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization.
RMF Control
CM-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001749
Version
UBTU-20-010438
Vuln IDs
V-238359
Rule IDs
SV-238359r877463_rule
Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the operating system. This requirement ensures the software has not been tampered with and that it has been provided by a trusted vendor. Accordingly, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components must be signed with a certificate recognized and approved by the organization. Verifying the authenticity of the software prior to installation validates the integrity of the patch or upgrade received from a vendor. This ensures the software has not been tampered with and that it has been provided by a trusted vendor. Self-signed certificates are disallowed by this requirement. The operating system should not have to verify the software again. This requirement does not mandate DoD certificates for this purpose; however, the certificate used to verify the software must be from an approved CA.
Fix: F-41528r654251_fix

Configure APT to prevent the installation of patches, service packs, device drivers, or Ubuntu operating system components without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. Remove/update any APT configuration files that contain the variable "AllowUnauthenticated" to "false", or remove "AllowUnauthenticated" entirely from each file. Below is an example of setting the "AllowUnauthenticated" variable to "false": APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated "false";

c
The Ubuntu operating system must implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to protect classified information and for the following: To provision digital signatures, to generate cryptographic hashes, and to protect unclassified information requiring confidentiality and cryptographic protection in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, and standards.
RMF Control
SC-13
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-002450
Version
UBTU-20-010442
Vuln IDs
V-238363
Rule IDs
SV-238363r880881_rule
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The operating system must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested and validated. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000396-GPOS-00176, SRG-OS-000478-GPOS-00223
Fix: F-41532r880880_fix

Configure the system to run in FIPS mode. Add "fips=1" to the kernel parameter during the Ubuntu operating systems install. Enabling a FIPS mode on a pre-existing system involves a number of modifications to the Ubuntu operating system. Refer to the Ubuntu Server 18.04 FIPS 140-2 security policy document for instructions. A subscription to the "Ubuntu Pro" plan is required to obtain the FIPS Kernel cryptographic modules and enable FIPS.

b
The Ubuntu operating system must implement address space layout randomization to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution.
RMF Control
SI-16
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002824
Version
UBTU-20-010448
Vuln IDs
V-238369
Rule IDs
SV-238369r853446_rule
Some adversaries launch attacks with the intent of executing code in non-executable regions of memory or in memory locations that are prohibited. Security safeguards employed to protect memory include, for example, data execution prevention and address space layout randomization. Data execution prevention safeguards can either be hardware-enforced or software-enforced with hardware providing the greater strength of mechanism. Examples of attacks are buffer overflow attacks.
Fix: F-41538r654281_fix

Remove the "kernel.randomize_va_space" entry found in the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file or any file located in the "/etc/sysctl.d/" directory. After the line has been removed, the kernel settings from all system configuration files must be reloaded before any of the changes will take effect. Run the following command to reload all of the kernel system configuration files: $ sudo sysctl --system

b
The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that Advance Package Tool (APT) removes all software components after updated versions have been installed.
RMF Control
SI-2
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002617
Version
UBTU-20-010449
Vuln IDs
V-238370
Rule IDs
SV-238370r853447_rule
Previous versions of software components that are not removed from the information system after updates have been installed may be exploited by adversaries. Some information technology products may remove older versions of software automatically from the information system.
Fix: F-41539r654284_fix

Configure APT to remove all software components after updated versions have been installed. Add or updated the following options to the "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades" file: Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies "true"; Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Kernel-Packages "true";

b
The Ubuntu operating system must use a file integrity tool to verify correct operation of all security functions.
RMF Control
SI-6
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-002696
Version
UBTU-20-010450
Vuln IDs
V-238371
Rule IDs
SV-238371r880913_rule
Without verification of the security functions, security functions may not operate correctly and the failure may go unnoticed. Security function is defined as the hardware, software, and/or firmware of the information system responsible for enforcing the system security policy and supporting the isolation of code and data on which the protection is based. Security functionality includes, but is not limited to, establishing system accounts, configuring access authorizations (i.e., permissions, privileges), setting events to be audited, and setting intrusion detection parameters. This requirement applies to the Ubuntu operating system performing security function verification/testing and/or systems and environments that require this functionality.
Fix: F-41540r880912_fix

Install AIDE, initialize it, and perform a manual check. Install AIDE: $ sudo apt install aide Initialize it (this may take a few minutes): $ sudo aideinit Running aide --init... Example output: Start timestamp: 2022-11-20 11:53:17 -0700 (AIDE 0.16) AIDE initialized database at /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new Verbose level: 6 Number of entries: 119543 --------------------------------------------------- The attributes of the (uncompressed) database(s): --------------------------------------------------- /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new RMD160 : PiEP1DX91JMcHnRSPnpFqNfIFr4= TIGER : /zM5yQBnOIoEH0jplJE5v6S0rUErbTXL SHA256 : BE2iHtBN9lEX53l4R/p7t1al0dIlsgPc Lg4YI08+/Jk= SHA512 : JIdGeNVRgtBPPSwun9St+9cwUrgIIKUW KVTksZXJ29Tt+luC/XNDcjIub7fbPVw/ EcTDsvYtt9MBmBxw1wCYng== CRC32 : jB2FVw== HAVAL : Jhe+fqaDpkswpWSnOTN28TO05QFHsjdq RcFZwCVUGTQ= GOST : WFrarVyxpXbKdW9SAaOy1Te8rSodV3/q nLsXuP7YujA= End timestamp: 2022-11-20 11:58:19 -0700 (run time: 5m 2s) The new database will need to be renamed to be read by AIDE: $ sudo cp -p /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new /var/lib/aide/aide.db Perform a manual check: $ sudo aide.wrapper --check Example output: Start timestamp: 2022-11-20 11:59:16 -0700 (AIDE 0.16) AIDE found differences between database and filesystem!! ... Done.

a
The Ubuntu operating system must display the date and time of the last successful account logon upon logon.
RMF Control
AC-9
Severity
L
CCI
CCI-000052
Version
UBTU-20-010453
Vuln IDs
V-238373
Rule IDs
SV-238373r858539_rule
Configuration settings are the set of parameters that can be changed in hardware, software, or firmware components of the system that affect the security posture and/or functionality of the system. Security-related parameters are those parameters impacting the security state of the system, including the parameters required to satisfy other security control requirements. Security-related parameters include, for example: registry settings; account, file, directory permission settings; and settings for functions, ports, protocols, services, and remote connections.
Fix: F-41542r654293_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to provide users with feedback on when account accesses last occurred by setting the required configuration options in "/etc/pam.d/login". Add the following line to the top of "/etc/pam.d/login": session required pam_lastlog.so showfailed

b
The Ubuntu operating system must have system commands set to a mode of 0755 or less permissive.
RMF Control
CM-5
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001499
Version
UBTU-20-010456
Vuln IDs
V-238376
Rule IDs
SV-238376r654303_rule
If the Ubuntu operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part of a robust change management process. This requirement applies to Ubuntu operating systems with software libraries that are accessible and configurable, as in the case of interpreted languages. Software libraries also include privileged programs which execute with escalated privileges. Only qualified and authorized individuals must be allowed to obtain access to information system components for purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications.
Fix: F-41545r654302_fix

Configure the system commands to be protected from unauthorized access. Run the following command: $ sudo find /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin -perm /022 -type f -exec chmod 755 '{}' \;

c
The Ubuntu operating system must not have accounts configured with blank or null passwords.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010462
Vuln IDs
V-251503
Rule IDs
SV-251503r808506_rule
If an account has an empty password, anyone could log on and run commands with the privileges of that account. Accounts with empty passwords should never be used in operational environments.
Fix: F-54892r808505_fix

Configure all accounts on the system to have a password or lock the account with the following commands: Perform a password reset: $ sudo passwd [username] Lock an account: $ sudo passwd -l [username]

c
The Ubuntu operating system must not allow accounts configured with blank or null passwords.
RMF Control
CM-6
Severity
H
CCI
CCI-000366
Version
UBTU-20-010463
Vuln IDs
V-251504
Rule IDs
SV-251504r832977_rule
If an account has an empty password, anyone could log on and run commands with the privileges of that account. Accounts with empty passwords should never be used in operational environments.
Fix: F-54893r832976_fix

If an account is configured for password authentication but does not have an assigned password, it may be possible to log on to the account without authenticating. Remove any instances of the "nullok" option in "/etc/pam.d/common-password" to prevent logons with empty passwords.

b
The Ubuntu operating system must disable automatic mounting of Universal Serial Bus (USB) mass storage driver.
RMF Control
IA-3
Severity
M
CCI
CCI-001958
Version
UBTU-20-010461
Vuln IDs
V-251505
Rule IDs
SV-251505r853450_rule
Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Peripherals include, but are not limited to, such devices as flash drives, external storage, and printers.
Fix: F-54894r808511_fix

Configure the Ubuntu operating system to disable using the USB storage kernel module. Create a file under "/etc/modprobe.d" to contain the following: # sudo su -c "echo install usb-storage /bin/true >> /etc/modprobe.d/DISASTIG.conf" Configure the operating system to disable the ability to use USB mass storage devices. # sudo su -c "echo blacklist usb-storage >> /etc/modprobe.d/DISASTIG.conf"